scholarly journals Effects of Temperature and Soil Water Content during Grain Filling Period on the Yields of Grain Sorghum

1976 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji TATENO ◽  
Mutsuo OJIMA
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Grain Filling Period

scholarly journals CONTEÚDO DE ÁGUA NO SOLO EM CULTIVO DE MILHO SEM E COM COBERTURA MORTA NA ENTRELINHA NA REGIÃO DE ARAPIRACA-AL

Irriga ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Bastos Lyra ◽  
José Leonaldo de Souza ◽  
Iedo Teodoro ◽  
Guilherme Bastos Lyra ◽  
Gilson Moura Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Straw Mulching ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Avaliou-se a variação do conteúdo de água no solo em diferentes fases de desenvolvimento do milho cultivado sem (Tradicional) e com cobertura morta (Capim) na entrelinha. Observações agrometeorológicas e da cultura foram realizadas na região de Arapiraca, AL (09º38'35" S; 36º40'15" W; 260 m) entre julho e outubro de 2005, na transição do período úmido e seco. Consideraram-se nas análises as seguintes fases de desenvolvimento do milho: inicial (20 d), crescimento (35 d), intermediária (40 d) e final (30 d). A umidade volumétrica do solo foi estimada pelo modelo de van Genutchen em função de medidas do potencial matricial de água no solo. Medidas do potencial foram obtidas por tensiômetros automáticos instalados a 0,15 m de profundidade. O sistema com cobertura morta manteve conteúdo de água no solo superior ao sistema Tradicional em 65,8 % dos dias (75 dias) do ciclo. Contudo, o conteúdo de água no sistema Tradicional sobressaiu-se ao com cobertura morta na maior parte do período de enchimento de grãos (80 %), o que resultou numa maior produtividade de grãos no Tradicional. Na transição entre o período chuvoso e seco da região não é recomendado o uso da cobertura morta na entrelinha durante todo o ciclo do milho, principalmente se o período de enchimento de grãos coincidir com o período seco. Para eventos de chuva de moderado a forte (> 7 mm d-1) a cobertura morta aumenta a capacidade de infiltração da água no solo. Porém, para eventos fracos, a água fica armazenada na cobertura, sendo perdida diretamente para a atmosfera.   UNITERMOS: cobertura morta, movimento de água no solo, semi-árido, Zea mays.     LYRA, G.B.; SOUZA, J.L.; TEODORO, I.; LYRA, G.B.; MOURA FILHO, G.; FERREIRA JÚNIOR, R. A. SOIL WATER CONTENT IN MAIZE CROP WITH AND WITHOUT STRAW MULCHING IN ARAPIRACA  REGION, ALAGOAS, BRAZIL     2 ABSTRACT   The soil water content in different crop development stages of maize cultivated with straw mulching and in traditional system, i.e., bare soil rows, was evaluated. Agro meteorology and crop fields observations were carried out in the Arapiraca region (09º38'35" S; 36º40'15" W; 260 m), state of Alagoas, Brazil, from July through October, 2005, in the transition between humid and dry periods. The following stages of maize development and their lengths (days) were considered: initial (20), crop development (35), mid-season (40) and late (30). The soil moisture was estimated from van Genutchen`s model in function of soil water potential. Potential measurements were obtained from automatic tensiometers, installed at the depth of 0.15 m The soil water content in the mulching system was higher than in the traditional one  in 65.8 % of the cycle (75 days). However, the soil water was higher in the traditional system in the grain filling period (80 % of days); this resulted in higher  grain yield in the traditional system. The use of mulching is not advisable during all maize development cycle in the transition between humid to dry period in that region, mainly if the grain filling period is in the dry period. For moderate to heavy rainfall events (> 7 mm d-1), the infiltration capacity is incremented by mulching. However, for weak events, the rainfall water is stored in mulching and is directly lost to the atmosphere.   KEYWORDS: straw mulching, soil water movement, semi-arid, Zea mays  

Effects of Temperature on Measurements of Soil Water Content with Time Domain Reflectometry

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 103152 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Suits ◽  
T. C. Sheahan ◽  
Tom Schanz ◽  
Wiebke Baille ◽  
Long Nguyen Tuan
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Photosynthesis and Stomatal-Conductance Responses of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) to Water Stress

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan L. Stuart ◽  
Daniel R. Krieg ◽  
John R. Abernathy
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Sorghum Halepense

The influence of water stress on johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers. ♯ SORHA] physiology was evaluated in a semiarid environment. Stomatal conductance of johnsongrass responded to more negative leaf water potential and increasing leaf temperature. The sensitivity of the leaf temperature effect was dependent on the soil water content. At low soil water content, conductance was limited by low water potential, and increasing leaf temperature had little effect. Conductance of CO2was related to net photosynthesis in a curvilinear manner, with conductance levels greater than 0.3 mol·m-2· s-1being in excess of that necessary for maximum photosynthesis. At both high conductance levels and low levels associated with increased water stress, intercellular CO2concentration increased, indicating nonstomatal limitations to photosynthesis. Decreased osmotic potential provided the highest correlation with the linear decline of photosynthetic rate as stress intensified. The expression of osmotic adjustment in johnsongrass is reported during grain filling. Plants in the milkdough stage of grain filling had approximately 0.3 MPa lower osmotic potential at any relative water content than those at anthesis.

Soil Temperature and Water Effects on Dissipation of Commercial and Starch Encapsulated Atrazine Formulations

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon D. Vail ◽  
Michael V. Hickman ◽  
Marvin M. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Water Effects ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
High Level

Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers to evaluate the effects of temperature and soil water content on the time of dissipation of commercial (CF) and starch encapsulated (SE) atrazine formulations to one-half the original concentration (T50). SE samples were also analyzed for the amount of atrazine remaining within the starch particles (percent encapsulation). The dissipation of CF atrazine was affected by changes in temperature and soil water content. SE atrazine dissipation was most influenced by changes in soil water content rather than temperature. Independent of soil water, there was no atrazine dissipation from any formulation at 15 C. The T50 for CF atrazine at 20% soil water content was 53.4 and 29.9 d for 25 and 35 C, respectively. At 20% soil water content, all SE treatments gave a T50 greater than 60 d. The percent starch encapsulation at 20% soil water content was greater than or equal to 55.8 and 30.4% for SE large and SE small, respectively. This high level of encapsulated atrazine accounts for the reduced SE dissipation observed at 20% soil water content. At 40% soil water content, the dissipation of CF and SE small atrazine were not different for either 25 or 35 C. Compared to the CF, the SE large formulation extended the T50 by 7.4 and 6.7 d at 25 and 35 C, respectively. At 40% soil water content, there was no encapsulated atrazine present in SE formulations 60 DAT.

Simulating Soil Water Content, Evapotranspiration, and Yield of Variably Irrigated Grain Sorghum Using AquaCrop

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 976-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blessing Masasi ◽  
Saleh Taghvaeian ◽  
Prasanna H. Gowda ◽  
Jason Warren ◽  
Gary Marek
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Grain Sorghum

SOIL WATER CONTENT AFFECTS THE AVAILABILITY OF PHOSPHATE

1985 ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
M.C.H.Mouat Pieter Nes
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Equivalent Reduction

Reduction in water content of a soil increased the concentration of ammonium and nitrate in solution, but had no effect on the concentration of phosphate. The corresponding reduction in the quantity of phosphate in solution caused an equivalent reduction in the response of ryegrass to applied phosphate. Keywords: soil solution, soil water content, phosphate, ryegrass, nutrition.

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