Effect of level of water intake on water, energy and nitrogen balance and thyroxine secretion in sheep and goats

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
T More ◽  
B Howard ◽  
BD Siebert
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Additional Water ◽  
Ad Libitum

Sheep and goats fed on a diet of oaten chaff were subjected to a 50% reduction and a 50-70% increase in their water intake. Measurements were made of water, energy and nitrogen balance and thyroxine secretion rate. Water restriction decreased feed intake by 25%, but in a lesser proportion than expected from the ad libitum feed to water relationship. This effect was achieved by a reduction in the concentration of water in faeces and by the evaporation of less water. When additional water was given, there was a 10% reduction in feed intake associated with a loss of nitrogen brought about by an increase in urine volume. Again less water was evaporated than expected under this treatment. Thyroxine secretion rate was positively related to energy intake.

Effect of water restriction on urinary concentrating ability of K-depleted rats

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (5) ◽  
pp. 912-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Blythe ◽  
Margaret Newton ◽  
Fernando Lazcano ◽  
Louis G. Welt
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potassium Depletion ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Urinary Concentrating Ability ◽  
Excessive Water ◽  
Urine Concentrating Ability ◽  
Concentrating Defect

In order to test the possibility that the urinary concentrating defect associated with potassium depletion results from excessive water intake that accompanies potassium depletion, water intake was restricted in one half of a group of rats undergoing potassium depletion. The other one half of the group was allowed to drink ad libitum After 14 days, ability to concentrate the urine was tested in both groups as well as in two groups of control rats, one of which was allowed to drink ad libitum and the other having water intake restricted. Although both potassium-depleted groups concentrated urine less than the control groups, there was no difference in urine-concentrating ability between the two potassium-depleted groups. It is concluded that the urinary concentrating defect in potassium depletion is not due to excessive water intake.

Body temperature responses to exercise in man on restricted food and water intake

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Grande ◽  
J. E. Monagle ◽  
E. R. Buskirk ◽  
H. L. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Control Level ◽  
High Water ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Water Group ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Ad Libitum

Rectal temperatures (TR) of 12 clinically healthy soldiers were measured in a room at 25.5°C and 40–45% relative humidity during a 1-hour walk on a motor driven treadmill at 3.5 mph and 10% grade, during control with adequate food intake and water ad libitum, and during a period of food and water restriction. The daily water intake during the water restriction period was 900 ml for six of the men, Low Water group (L.W.), and 1800 ml for the other six, High Water group (H.W.). The restriction of water began at the same time as the restriction of food and lasted 5 full days for the L.W. group and 10 full days for the H.W. group. Food was restricted to 1000 calories from carbohydrate, 4.5 gm of NaCl and a multivitamin pill/day for 16 days. Water ad libitum was given throughout the experiment except for the period of water restriction. The L.W. group showed a progressive increase of TR at the end of the walk during the water restriction period with average TR 1.51℃, higher at peak dehydration than in control. In the H.W. group the greatest average increase, 0.46℃, was observed on day 5 of restriction. Administration of water ad libitum brought the work TR back to the control level in the L.W. group, but failed to produce any important change in the H.W. group. The relationship between dehydration, elevation of TR during work and changes in sweat rate is discussed. Submitted on July 24, 1958

Hypotensive effect of water restriction in the two-kidney one-clip hypertensive rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (5) ◽  
pp. F525-F531
Author(s):  
F. H. Leenen ◽  
W. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Hypotensive Effect ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Ad Libitum

In two-kidney one-clip hypertensive rats we evaluated the effect of water restriction on the development and maintenance of severe hypertension (systemic blood pressure 200-230 mmHg). After application of renal arterial clips in rats allowed access to water for 1 or 2 h daily, BP stabilized at 180-190 mmHg. No increase in water intake occurred and plasma renin activity(PRA) (measured before the drinking period) was significantly below the levels observed in ad libitum-drinking hypertensive rats. In rats administered 4 ml water/100 g body weight twice daily by gavage, development of hypertension was more clearly suppressed. Blood pressure increased slowly and reached levels of only 150-170 mmHg. Furthermore, PRA was significantly lower in this group compared with ad libitum-drinking hypertensive animals. In rats with established (4-5 wk) renal hypertension, restriction of water intake to 1 or 2 h daily resulted in a rapid decrease in BP of about 30 mmHg. Daily administration of Pitressin tannate to hypertensive rats allowed free access to water induced a similar decrease in BP as well as suppression of PRA. These results indicate that the hypotensive effect of water restriction in the two-kidney one-clip hypertensive rat model may be mediated, at least in part, through elevated circulating levels of vasopressin that subsequently inhibit renin release.

Effect of giving water intermittently on excretion patterns of water and certain electrolytes in Ghokla sheep during summer

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. More ◽  
K. L. Sahni
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
External Balances ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

SummaryExternal balances of water, sodium and potassium were examined in carpet wool Chokla sheep given water once in 24, 48 and 72 h during the hot months. There was a significant decline (P < 0·01) in feed intake on the third day of dehydration. The water intake of this group approached 30% of body weight and there was also a significant (P < 0·05) decrease in urine volume after 2 days of water deprivation. There was a large balance for potassium in all treatments and most especially when the sheep were given water every 72 h. It is argued that this unusually high balance of potassium was probably a characteristic of sheep adapted to a hot climate.

Effects of high potassium chloride supplementation on water intake, urine volume and nitrogen balance in mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iori MURAI ◽  
Miki SUGIMOTO ◽  
Shuntaro IKEDA ◽  
Shin-ichi KUME
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
High Potassium

The effect of level of feeding on acetate tolerance in the sheep

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 933 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Weston
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum

Intravenous acetate tolerance tests were conducted on sheep offered chopped lucerne hay at six levels of intake, a ground and pelleted mixture of lucerne hay, maize, and peanut meal at two levels, and a low quality roughage ad libitum. The rate of disappearance of acetate injected intravenously increased with increase in the levels of both feed intake and digestible energy intake. There was no difference between diets in the rate of disappearance when the diets provided similar amounts of digestible energy. Changes in rate of disappearance occurred within 7 days of changes in level of feeding. It was concluded that care should be exercised in interpreting differences between diets in acetate tolerance when the diets provide widely differing quantities of digestible energy.

The effect of reducing energy intake through feed intake restriction on the performance of weaned barrows when amino acid intake declines either in direct proportion to energy or at a reduced rate

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Oresanya ◽  
A. D. Beaulieu ◽  
J. F. Patience
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Acid Intake ◽  
Amino Acid Intake ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Reduced Rate

Amino acid intake declined either in constant proportion to energy or at a reduced rate when feed intake treatments represented 100, 70, 60 or 50% of ad libitum. Amino acid intake affected feed conversion, and energy and lysine utilization (P < 0.05). Energy studies involving feed restriction may be confounded by amino acid supply. Key words: Pigs, energy intake, amino acid intake

Utilization of Calories From Alcohol and Wines and Their Effects on Cholesterol Metabolism

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Fay Morgan ◽  
Lisa Brinner ◽  
Colleen B. Plaa ◽  
Marcia M. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Additional Water ◽  
Fatty Livers

The utilization of calories for growth by young rats given an adequate diet, free access to drinking water and supplements of 15 or 20% alcohol solutions or wines of the same alcohol concentration was equal to that of rats receiving no alcohol if the alcohol calories were calculated as 75% physiologically available. When no additional water was given along with the alcohol and wine solutions or when water intake was restricted to the amount taken by the alcohol groups, the intake of diet and growth were at once decreased about equally in the water restricted, wine and alcohol groups. When 1% cholesterol was added to the diet all the rats grew better than on the basal diet and water restriction had less unfavorable effects. The liver fat of the alcohol groups was higher than that of the others on both basal and cholesterol diets. Both liver and adrenal cholesterol were much increased by the exogenous cholesterol in all groups but least in the wine fed animals. Hamsters under similar conditions were little affected by water restriction, but growth was decreased on the cholesterol diet and grossly fatty livers developed containing about half the lipid content as cholesterol. Serum cholesterol was much increased, least in the wine-fed groups. Restriction of water intake by rats given alcohol solutions appears to account for most of the effects of chronic alcohol ingestion heretofore reported.

Adaptation of growing pigs to changes in environmental temperature

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Morrison ◽  
L. E. Mount
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYPigs fed ad libitum were exposed to changes from 22 to 33°C and from 33 to 20°C. Responses were investigated in two groups of animals kept for three successive periods of four weeks at 22°, 33° and finally 20°C.Twenty-four hr after the first change, from 22 to 33°C, there was a decline in body weight; after the second change, from 33 to 20°C, there was a large increase. After the change to 33°C, feed intake by the second day and growth rate for the first week were about the same as at the end of the four weeks, but about 12 days were required for water intake, rectal temperature and respiratory rate to reach steady values.After the change from 33 to 20°C, steady values for respiratory rate and rectal temperature were reached in one and 12 days respectively. The rate of gain in weight increased to reach a peak nine days following the temperature change and then declined.

Metabolic studies on daily and weekly feeding of ruminants given all-wheat diets. I. Digestibility and nitrogen balance in sheep

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Watson ◽  
RA Leng ◽  
GL McClymont
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Metabolic Studies ◽  
Feeding Cycle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Feeding Regimen ◽  
Balance Trials

Aspects of digestion and metabolism in sheep fed individually with an all-wheat ration at a rate of either 300 g each day or 2100 g once each week have been investigated. Five digestibility and nitrogen balance trials were carried out over a 13-week period. Sheep on the weekly feeding regimen consumed 50% and 85% of their ration by the end of days 1 and 3 respectively. Both water intake and urine volume were higher on the weekly feeding regimen, but water intake was highest at the beginning of the feeding cycle, while urine volume was highest towards the end. The mean liveweight, digestibility and nitrogen balance were similar in sheep on both daily and weekly feeding regimens. In sheep fed weekly the excretion of nitrogen varied between days within the balance period. When they were first introduced to this feeding pattern the sheep retained less nitrogen than after an adaptation period.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document