Effect of breed of dam and lamb, and of lamb sex on efficiency of conversion of food to lamb and wool in Merino and first-cross Merino ewes

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
DO Kleemann ◽  
CHS Dolling ◽  
RW Ponzoni
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Castrate Male ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

The effects of breed of dam (Merino (M), Border Leicester x Merino (BL x M) and Poll Dorset x Merino (PD x M)), breed of lamb (Suffolk sired (S)) and sex of lamb (castrate male, female) on the efficiency of the ewe (organic matter intake per unit metabolic weight and clean wool weight per unit intake) and on the efficiency of the ewe-lamb unit (liveweight and carcass weight per unit intake) were examined. The effects of breed of dam and breed of lamb were differentiated by a system of cross-mothering of all lambs at birth. Each lamb was slaughtered at = 35 kg liveweight. The two crossbred types ate less organic matter per unit metabolic weight than did M dams during late pregnancy, but there were no differences during lactation. Compared with the absolute intake of M dams, PD x M and BL x M ewes ate 11 and 18 % more throughout the experimental period (224 days). The conversion efficiencies of food to wool of PD x M and BL x M dams were 59 and 66 % of that of Merinos. There were no significant differences between breeds of lamb or between lamb sexes for either intake per unit metabolic weight or clean wool growth per unit intake of the ewe. There were no significant differences between breeds of dam or between lamb sexes for either lamb liveweight or carcass weight per unit intake. This applied whether the lambs were at the same age or at the same liveweight. Ewes rearing S x (PD x M) and S x (BL x M) lambs had higher carcass weights per unit intake than did those rearing S x M lambs.

Corrigendum - Relative efficiency of Merino and Border Leicester × Merino ewes

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
DO Kleemann ◽  
CHS Dolling
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Animal Tissue ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference

Thirteen South Australian strong-wool Merino ewes and eight Border Leicester × Merino ewes mated to Poll Dorset rams were fed on lucerne pellets ad libitum during late pregnancy and lactation in pens. Each of their single-born progeny was slaughtered at 33 kg full liveweight. Breeds were compared for efficiency of the ewe (organic matter intake per unit liveweight and clean wool per unit intake), efficiency of the lamb (liveweight and body solids gain per litre of milk), and efficiency of the ewe-lamb unit (liveweight and carcass weight per unit intake). Border Leicester × Merino ewes ate 7% less organic matter per unit liveweight than Merino ewes during lactation; however, there was no significant difference during late pregnancy. In terms of absolute intake 120 Merinos = 100 Border Leicester × Merinos. Border Leicester × Merino ewes were 73% as efficient in converting feed to clean wool as Merino ewes. Merino ewes grew wool of smaller diameter and higher crimp frequency than crossbreds. Lambs from the Merino ewes were as efficient in converting milk into animal tissue as the progeny from Border Leicester x Merino ewes during the first 4 weeks of suckling. Lambs from Merino ewes required on average 25 extra days to grow to the same slaughter weight and ate 110% more organic matter from solid feed than lambs from crossbred ewes. However, the proportion of feed eaten by the lamb was small (10%) compared with that eaten by the ewe. Lambs from crossbred ewes were 23% heavier than those from Merino ewes at the same age. The crossbred ewe-lamb unit, however, consumed 20% more feed and hence was as efficient as the Merino ewe–lamb unit. The Merino ewe–lamb unit was more efficient than the crossbred ewe-lamb unit when the lamb genotypes were slaughtered at the same liveweight (P < 0.05); however, the difference was not significant when expressed as carcass weight per unit intake.

Relative efficiency of Merino and Border Leicester × Merino ewes

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
DO Kleemann ◽  
CHS Dolling
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Animal Tissue ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference

Thirteen South Australian strong-wool Merino ewes and eight Border Leicester × Merino ewes mated to Poll Dorset rams were fed on lucerne pellets ad libitum during late pregnancy and lactation in pens. Each of their single-born progeny was slaughtered at 33 kg full liveweight. Breeds were compared for efficiency of the ewe (organic matter intake per unit liveweight and clean wool per unit intake), efficiency of the lamb (liveweight and body solids gain per litre of milk), and efficiency of the ewe-lamb unit (liveweight and carcass weight per unit intake). Border Leicester × Merino ewes ate 7% less organic matter per unit liveweight than Merino ewes during lactation; however, there was no significant difference during late pregnancy. In terms of absolute intake 120 Merinos = 100 Border Leicester × Merinos. Border Leicester × Merino ewes were 73% as efficient in converting feed to clean wool as Merino ewes. Merino ewes grew wool of smaller diameter and higher crimp frequency than crossbreds. Lambs from the Merino ewes were as efficient in converting milk into animal tissue as the progeny from Border Leicester x Merino ewes during the first 4 weeks of suckling. Lambs from Merino ewes required on average 25 extra days to grow to the same slaughter weight and ate 110% more organic matter from solid feed than lambs from crossbred ewes. However, the proportion of feed eaten by the lamb was small (10%) compared with that eaten by the ewe. Lambs from crossbred ewes were 23% heavier than those from Merino ewes at the same age. The crossbred ewe-lamb unit, however, consumed 20% more feed and hence was as efficient as the Merino ewe–lamb unit. The Merino ewe–lamb unit was more efficient than the crossbred ewe-lamb unit when the lamb genotypes were slaughtered at the same liveweight (P < 0.05); however, the difference was not significant when expressed as carcass weight per unit intake.

Effect of breed of dam, type of birth and sex of lamb on efficiency of conversion of food to lamb and wool in Merino, Poll Dorset × Merino and Border Leicester × Merino ewes

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
DO Kleemann ◽  
CHS Dolling ◽  
RW Ponzoni
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Wool Fibre ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Australian Merino

The effects of breed of dam (South Australian Merino (M), Border Leicester x Merino (BL x M) and Poll Dorset x Merino (PD x M)), type of birth (single and twins) and sex of lamb (wether and ewe) on the efficiency of the ewe (organic matter intake per unit (liveweight)0.75 and clean wool weight per unit intake) and of the ewe-lamb(s)) unit (liveweight and carcass weight per unit intake) were examined in two pen experiments (PE1, PE2) and a grazing experiment (GE). Each single-born lamb in PE1 and PE2 was slaughtered at weights =32 and =35 kg, respectively, and twin-born lambs when their combined weight doubled that of singles. In GE all lambs were slaughtered on the same day at 35.5 kg mean liveweight. Ewes rearing twins ate 19% more (P < 0.05) organic matter per unit (liveweight)0.75 during lactation than those rearing singles, the other effects of breed and sex were not significant during either late pregnancy or lactation. BL x M ewes grew 32% less (P < 0.001) clean wool per unit intake than did M ewes in PE, whereas the breed difference in GE was not significant, PD x M ewes grew 39% less wool than M ewes in GE (P < 0.001). Ewes rearing twins were 23% less efficient in converting food to wool than those rearing singles in PE, (P < 0.01), the corresponding difference in GE was not significant. There were no significant differences between breeds of dam for efficiency of the ewe-lamb unit when lambs were compared at the same age. However, when lambs were grown to the same liveweight the M ewe-lamb unit produced 14% (P < 0.001) and 8% (P < 0.05) more liveweight and carcass weight per unit intake than the BL x M in PE,. These results include adjustment for the effects of type of birth and sex. In all experiments ewes with twin lambs were about 45-55% and 35-45% more efficient than those with singles on a liveweight and carcass weight basis, respectively (P < 0.001), the effects were independent of whether the lambs were at the same age or the same liveweight. We conclude that efficiency of conversion of food to carcass weight on a flock basis will be largely dependent on variation in reproduction rate and to a lesser extent on breed of dam, and on breed of dam only when lambs are slaughtered at the same liveweight. In contrast, the effects of breed of dam on efficiency of food conversion to wool fibre were large.

Consequences of reproduction on the liveweight, fat depth, wool growth, and intake of grazing Merino ewes in the short and long term

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Lee ◽  
KD Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Annual Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Short And Long Term

Effects of the current and previous year's reproductive performance on liveweight, fat depth, pasture intake, and wool growth were estimated in breeding Merino ewes in each of 2 years and in 4 seasons corresponding with stages of the annual reproductive cycle. Ewes bearing multiple lambs were heavier in early pregnancy (autumn, by 1.5 kg) and in late pregnancy (winter, by 2.5 kg) than single-bearing ewes, with both being heavier than nonpregnant (dry) ewes in winter (by 1.7-4.2 kg). Pregnancy had no effect on fat depth or intake in autumn or winter. Lactating ewes were leaner (by 1.0-1.7 mm), had lower liveweights (by 6.4-8.6 kg), and had substantially higher intakes [by 286-348 g digestible organic matter intake (DOMI)/day] than non-lactating ewes. From summer to winter, ewes that had previously reared a lamb, or lambs, to weaning weighed less, were leaner, and had higher intakes than ewes that were previously dry. Pregnant ewes grew significantly less clean wool and grew it less efficiently (g wool/kg DOMI) in autumn (7-9% less) and winter (11-18% less) than non-pregnant ewes. Similarly, lactating ewes grew less wool (by 23-30%) less efficiently than ewes not suckling, the effect being greater in ewes with multiple lambs. Post-weaning, however, ewes that had reared a lamb to weaning grew significantly more wool (by 6-15%) up to 4 months post-weaning, although efficiency of wool growth was still impaired. The effects of reproductive status on the fibre diameter of wool reflected those for wool growth. Effects of reproduction on productivity are long term and recovery may not be achieved before the next reproductive cycle.

The effect of ammonia treatment on the intake of straw and hay when offered with rations of concentrates to ewes in late pregnancy

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Orr ◽  
T. T. Treacher ◽  
V. C. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Forage Intake

ABSTRACTFinnish Landrace × Dorset Horn ewes were offered 300, 600 or 900 g fresh weight per day of concentrates and forage ad libitum from day 105 of pregnancy until lambing. Spring barley straw (S) or hay (H) was offered either untreated (U) or following treatment with anhydrous ammonia in an oven (T). Organic matter digestibilities (in vitro) were 0·42, 0·58, 0·42 and 0·60 and nitrogen contents were 7·2, 18·6, 12·0 and 25·0 g/kg dry matter for US, TS, UH and TH respectively. Forage intake did not differ between ewes carrying two or more foetuses but the small number of ewes carrying one foetus ate more straw (6·8 v. 4·5 g organic matter (OM) per kg live weight) than ewes carrying two or more foetuses. Ammonia treatment increased intake; the increase was larger on straw (4·6 v. 100 g OM per kg live weight) than on hay (9·0 v. 10·7 g OM per kg live weight). Replacement rates of forage by concentrates were -0·21, +0·06, -0·48 and +0·08 kg forage per kg concentrates for treatments US, TS, UH and TH respectively; only the value for treatment UH differed significantly from zero. On most treatments forage intake decreased as pregnancy progressed and the declines were greater when treated forages were offered. Concentrate level had a large effect on most aspects of ewe performance. Ewes offered treated forage gained slightly more weight in pregnancy (138 v. 104 g/day), had a slightly smaller decrease in body condition score (-0·54 v. -0·68) between day 105 and lambing but did not have greater lamb birth weights than ewes on untreated forage.

Effect of age, abomasal cannulation and rumen catheterization on intake and site of digestion by early-weaned lambs

1990 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Cruickshank ◽  
D. P. Poppi ◽  
A. R. Sykes ◽  
A. S. Familton
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestion ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Cumulative Intake

SUMMARYThe voluntary food intake, in vivo digestibility and site of nutrient digestion was measured in 12 Polled Dorset ram lambs, from 6 to 24 weeks of age, offered clover hay. Lambs were weaned at 6 weeks of age. Six were fitted with a permanent T-shaped cannula in the abomasum and a temporary rumen catheter during the periods of digesta flow measurement.Surgical modification of lambs did not influence intake (g/kg live weight (W) per day), in vivo digestibility or marker retention time in the rumen. However, intact lambs grew significantly faster than cannulated lambs (139 v. 109g/day, P < 0·05) apparently because of an overall higher cumulative intake over the whole experimental period rather than any change in efficiency of use of nutrients or maintenance requirement.Relative to live weight, intake increased rapidly until c. 10 weeks of age and remained relatively constant at c. 37 g DM/kg W per day for the remainder of the experiment. Age had no effect on in vivo digestibility of organic matter (OM) or neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (average 0·69).The proportion of digestible organic matter apparently digested in the rumen (DOMADR) decreased from 0·63 to 0·47 between 8 and 24 weeks of age whilst intake between these measurement periods increased. Nonammonia N (NAN) flow past the abomasum was similar at all ages in relation to digestible organic matter intake (55·1 g NAN/kg DOMI) but was higher at 16 and 24 weeks of age than at 8 and 12 weeks of age, respectively, in relation to organic matter apparently digested in the rumen (OMADR) (116 and 85 g NAN/kg OMADR, respectively, P < 0·05).Fractional outflow rate of digesta markers from the rumen, when estimated from abomasal digesta, was significantly higher than when estimated from faeces (103Ru-p 0·121 v. 0·09; 51Cr-EDTA 0·169 v. 0·111/h; P > 0·05).It was concluded that cannulation did not affect intake and digestion characteristics in these young lambs. The changes in the site of nutrient digestion as the animals aged may have been due to agerelated changes in digestive function but appeared to be associated with the increase in intake that occurred between measurement periods of the cannulated lambs.

The structure of the pore volume of the reservoir intervals of the Bazhenov formation of the Priobskoye field of Western Siberia

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
A. S. Roslyakova ◽  
A. G. Kalmykov ◽  
G. A. Kalmykov ◽  
R. A. Khamidullin ◽  
N. I. Korobova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Bazhenov Formation ◽  
Siliceous Rock ◽  
Local Warming ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Structural Zones

The paper presents a study of the structure and reservoir properties of rocks of the Bazhenov formation in the sections of three wells located in different structural zones of the Priobskoye field. It is shown that the porosity of the samples varies from 0.02% to 6.95%, the absolute gas permeability of the rocks reaches 1.364 mD. It is established that the collectors in the Bazhenov formation are confined to silicite-radiolarites (possessing porosity associated with the leaching of radiolarian shells) and kerogen-clay-siliceous rock and kerogen-clay silicite (porosity is associated with the release of space between the clay-siliceous matrix and kerogen by ripening organic matter). The following secondary processes influenced the formation of voids in these lithotypes: recrystallization of radiolarians and local warming up.

scholarly journals Sink or link? The bacterial role in benthic carbon cycling in the Arabian Sea's oxygen minimum zone

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 6879-6891 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pozzato ◽  
D. Van Oevelen ◽  
L. Moodley ◽  
K. Soetaert ◽  
J. J. Middelburg
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Oxygen Minimum Zone ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Isotope Tracer ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Minimum Zone ◽  
Oxygen Minimum

Abstract. The bacterial loop, the consumption of dissolved organic matter (DOM) by bacteria and subsequent transfer of bacterial carbon to higher trophic levels, plays a prominent role in pelagic food webs. However, its role in sedimentary ecosystems is not well documented. Here we present the results of isotope tracer experiments performed under in situ oxygen conditions in sediments from inside and outside the Arabian Sea's oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) to study the importance of the microbial loop in this setting. Particulate organic matter, added as phytodetritus, was processed by bacteria, protozoa and metazoans, while dissolved organic matter was processed only by bacteria and there was very little, if any, transfer to higher trophic levels within the 7 day experimental period. This lack of significant transfer of bacterial-derived carbon to metazoan consumers indicates that the bacterial loop is rather inefficient, in sediments both inside and outside the OMZ. Moreover, metazoans directly consumed labile particulate organic matter resources and thus competed with bacteria for phytodetritus.

scholarly journals A comparative study of assessing organic matter decomposition between composting and vermicomposting process

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-776
Author(s):  
MZ Rahman ◽  
AKMA Kabir ◽  
MA Hashem ◽  
SMA Islam ◽  
MR Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Fiber Degradation ◽  
Typical Temperature

The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of organic matter degradation between composting and vermicomposting as well as the possibility of making compost and vermicompost using cattle manure. The experiment was conducted with two treatments, where one was conventional composting (T1) and another was vermicomposting (T2) from cattle manure. The sample from composted materials was collected at 0, 20, 40 and 60th day of experiment. Parameter studied were dry matter (DM), crude fiber (CF), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash content of the samples as well as pH and temperature change during the experimental period. Results found that a significant higher DM (P<0.01) was found in T1 compared to T2. The CF degradation rate was significantly higher (P<0.01) in T2 compared to T1 group. The CP content also found significantly higher (P<0.05) in T2 compared to T1 group. There were no significant differences in EE and ash content as well as pH between the treatment groups. A typical temperature curve was found in T1 during active composting phase but the temperature was more or less same in T2 during the whole experimental period. From the experiment, it was found that crude fiber degradation rate is faster and CP content was higher in the T2 compared to T1 that might be indicated that vermicomposting is more beneficial than composting. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 768-776

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