The use of urea to improve milk yields and lamb survival of Merinos in a dry tropical environment

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
RGA Stephenson ◽  
JC Edwards ◽  
PS Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
C 30 ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Lamb Growth

Urea supplementation of lambing Merino ewes increased milk yield and lamb growth and survival rates in both pen and paddock studies. These productivity gains occurred in a semi-arid environment characterized by poor reproductive efficiency in Merinos. In pens, urea supplenlents fed to lactating ewes at the rate of c. 12 g/day stimulated intake of poor quality pasture hay (0.9 %nitrogen) by c. 30% and increased total nitrogen intake by c. 100%. Milk yield was improved by c. 50% and lamb growth rate by c. 140%. Sorghum grain supplements stimulated milk yield and lamb growth to a lesser extent than urea. The correlations found in pen studies between nitrogen intake and milk yield of ewes (r � 0.85; P < 0.05), and between ewe milk yield and lamb growth (r % 0.80; P < 0.01), prompted further investigations under paddock conditions. Ewes grazing dry pastures and supplemented with urea (8-10 glday) via drinking water yielded more milk (11-32%) than unsupplemented counterparts. Similarly, there were improvements in lamb growth (80-100%) and survival (c. 10%) in the supplemented groups.

Survival feeding of pregnant and lactating ewes with combinations of wheat and lucerne hay

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (99) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
BW Clements ◽  
AR Gleeson ◽  
PJ Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Diet Analysis ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Net Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Lamb Growth

An experiment was performed to determine the proportion of roughage required by pregnant and lactating ewes fed wheat-based diets under drought conditions. Five dietary treatments ranging from wheat alone to lucerne hay alone were fed to pregnant and lactating Merino ewes, at levels estimated to give a similar net energy intake per ewe per day. The energy levels fed were altered during the experiment in an attempt to maintain ewe liveweight at a constant level. Wheat alone was unsuitable for lactating ewes, while a diet of 54% hay and 46% wheat (54:46) gave the best milk yields, lamb growth and lamb survival. The mean milk yields of the ewes ranged from 26.5 � (SD) 2.5 ml hour-1 for wheat alone to 38.1 � 2.2 ml hour-1 for the 54:46 diet. Lamb liveweight gains between birth and weaning (at seven weeks) were related to ewe milk yields, with lambs on the wheat alone diet gaining 3.17 kg and those on the 54:46 diet gaining 5.10 kg. Only half of the lambs born to ewes fed wheat alone survived to weaning, compared with 89% of lambs on the 54:46 diet. Analysis of the responses indicated that, for milk yield, the 54:46 diet was near optimum and that lamb growth and survival would be maximized at 60-67% hay.

Effect of Haemonchus contortus on productivity of ewes, lambs and weaners in a semi-arid environment

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Cobon ◽  
B. M. O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
North West ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Semi Arid

SUMMARYLactating ewes, ewes that had lambed but subsequently lost their lambs (dry) and weaners were either artificially infested with 2000–3000 third-stage Haemonchus contortus larvae (parasitized) or drenched with levamisole (treated) and run under extensive grazing conditions in north-west Queensland. Worm egg counts in parasitized lactating, dry and weaner sheep ranged from 860–2830 eggs per gram of faeces. These levels of infestation significantly (P < 0·01) reduced liveweight gain of all three sheep classes, milk yield of ewes and wool growth of weaners compared to their treated counterparts. The lower milk yield of the parasitized ewes significantly (P < 0·01) reduced lamb growth rate. Survival of lambs to weaning was 26% higher in the treated group. The experiments showed that moderate levels of H. contortus, that did not produce clinical signs of infestation, reduce productivity of sheep in this semi-arid environment.

scholarly journals KOSENTRASI LIMBAH PERTANIAN SEBAGAI PAKAN ALTERNATIF TERHADAP MORTALITAS DAN PERTUMBUHAN IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
Ismail Failu ◽  
Safrin Edy
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
C 50

The research aims (1). Knowing changes concentration in agricultural waste, especially water spinach kale and spinach as a source of food for growth and survival of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). (2). Knowing at what concentration of agricultural waste, especially bran kale and spinach as a source of food for growth and survival of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The study was conducted in March to May 2020 in the Village of Liabuku, Bungi sub-district, Baubau town. The experimental design used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 levels of treatment and 3 replications, thus there were 12 experimental units (Gasperstz, 1991), namely: (1) Pellet Feed (Mill) / Control (2) Treatment A (70 kale waste + 20% snail flour + 10 rice bran), (3) Treatment B (60 Kale waste + 30% snail flour + 10 rice bran) ), (4) Treatment C (50% kale waste + 40% snail flour + 10 rice bran). The provision of concentrations in the form of agricultural waste, especially kale, snail flour, and bran as a source of food does not have a significant effect on absolute growth, survival rates, and feed conversion to tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) that are kept in ponds using nets. Absolute growth, survival rates, and the best feed conversion at treatment C (50% Kale Waste + 40% snail flour + rice bran 10) which are maintained in a pond using a net. Keywords: Concentration of Agricultural Waste, Mortality and Growth

Rumen-protected methionine and lysine: effects on milk production and plasma amino acids of dairy cows with reference to metabolisable protein status

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mofleh S Awawdeh
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Plasma Amino Acids ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
C 30 ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of rumen-protected Met (RPM) alone or with rumen-protected Lys (RPL) on milk yield and plasma amino acids of dairy cows. In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). The study lasted for 8 weeks where milk yield and composition were determined weekly. Daily milk yield averaged 28·0, 27·8, and 29·7 kg/cow for the C, M, and ML groups, respectively. Dietary treatments had no effects (P ≥ 0·54) on milk contents of fat, lactose, solid non-fat or total solids. Milk protein content in the ML group was greater (P < 0·05) than the C and M groups. Plasma levels of all AA were not significantly (P ≥ 0·09) affected by supplemental RPL and/or RPM. In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). The study lasted for 5 weeks. Cows in the M (30·5 kg) and ML (31·4 kg) groups produced (P < 0·05) more milk than those of the C group (29·1 kg). Under conditions of this study, RPM plus RPL improved milk yield and protein contents of dairy cows and was better than supplying RPM alone. Response in milk yield to RPM and RPL was affected by the MP status of cows which deserves further investigation.

scholarly journals Utilization of Trash Fish for Cultivation of Crablet Mud Crab (Scylla serrata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Heppi Iromo ◽  
Dori Rachmawani ◽  
Abdul Jabarsyah ◽  
Zainuddin Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Carapace Width ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Trash Fish ◽  
In The Wild

The high demand for mud crabs in North Kalimantan causes catch to increase in the wild. If it is not balanced with efforts to increase its aquaculture of mud crab, in the future there will be a decline in population. This study aims to determine the growth and survival rate of mud crab seed (crablet, Scylla serrata) in the application method of different types of trash fish. This research used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The Crablet used carapace width average 0.07-0.09 cm and weigh average 0.05-0.07 g with total 150 crablets. The treatments applied by trash fish were (A) Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis mossambicus), (B) Longfin Herrings Fish (Ilisha elongata), (C) Sword Fish (Trichiurus lepturus) and (D) Snails (Telescopium telescopium). The results were The best weight growth of crablet occurs in the treatment of T. lepturus (P>0.05) and  the highest of survival rates of crablet were found in treatment T. telescopium (P<0.05)  than the other. The trash fish were used turned out to be able survival of crablet mud crab (Scylla serrata).

scholarly journals NURSERY TECHNIQUES WITH JUVENILE CORAL TROUT, Plectropomus leopardus WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF FOOD

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Alit ◽  
Ketut Maha Setiawati ◽  
Tony Setia Dharma
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Coral Trout ◽  
Juvenile Coral ◽  
Trash Fish

ABSTRACT Feed management is a critical factor in the nursery activities because food serves as an energy for growth and survival rates. The study aimed to determine the best feeding to improve growth and survival rates. Cultured of coral trout grouper seeds were used for this research in 9 fiber tubs each of  0.8 tonnes of sea water volume with 3 treatments and 3 replicates. The feeding treatments were (a) commercial feeding pelle; (b) trash fish; and (c) feeding combinations (50% pellets and 50% trash fish). The initial length of coral trout grouper seeds were 3 cm long. The pellet used was a commercial pellet with dose of 5-10% biomass, while the trash fish was clupeid fish. Feeding times were twice a daya at 08:00 and 16:00 local time. A complete random design was used as an experiment design. Data was analysed using ANOVA and descriptive statistics. Water qualities during larva rearing included water temperature, pH, salinity, DO, ammonia, nitrite, and phosphate. The results showed that growth dan survical rates was significantly affected by combination feeding method (50% pellet and 50% trash fish) with growth rate of 0.08% cm/day and survival rate of 60.20±2.34%. Keywords: Feed, trash fish, juvenile coral trout grouper, growth, and survival.

Growth and Survival of Hormone-Sterilized Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Kokanee Salmon (O. nerka) in a Lacustrine Environment

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1490-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Parkinson ◽  
Kanji Tsumura
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Lacustrine Environment ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Kokanee Salmon ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Differential Vulnerability ◽  
Normal Life Span ◽  
And Control

Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and kokanee salmon (O. nerka) were sterilized using 17α-methyltestosterone treatments and released into a lacustrine environment. The treatment appeared to be successful and sizes at capture were similar for treated and control fish. Return rates of hormone-treated groups of fish were much lower than those of the control groups. Differences in return rates were assumed to be due to differences in survival rates but the possibility of differential vulnerability to the capture gear could not be ruled out. The proportion of treated kokanee in the catch increased with age, indicating that treated kokanee survived beyond the normal life span of the species.

Effect of Prey Density and Prey Size on Growth and Survival of Juvenile Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum)

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1323-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Prey Density ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Food Limitation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Stizostedion Vitreum ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Length Increase ◽  
Prey Length ◽  
Chironomid Biomass

I investigated the influence of food availability on growth and survival of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) fry stocked in six fertilized experimental ponds (density 40 fish∙m−3) and reared for 8 wk. Walleye fed largely on chironomid larvae and cyclopoid copepods in weeks 1 and 2, and chironomids thereafter. Prey choice and consumption were strongly influenced by chironomid biomass in the benthos, and to a lesser extent by zoo-plankton density. Weekly length increase of the populations and mean length in week 7 were significantly correlated with chironomid benthic biomass and mean prey length. Chironomid biomass and density of large zoo-plankton together explained 56% of the variation in the weekly population growth rate. Despite obvious food limitation in the second half of the experiment, pond survival rate was not significantly correlated with mean prey density, mean stomach fullness, or percentage of fish with empty stomachs. The results indicate that juvenile walleye growth can be regulated by the density and size of available prey. Prey availability apparently does not regulate short term juvenile walleye survival rates after the period around first feeding.

scholarly journals The effect of temperature on persistence of SARS-CoV-2 on common surfaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Riddell ◽  
Sarah Goldie ◽  
Andrew Hill ◽  
Debbie Eagles ◽  
Trevor W. Drew
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
C 30 ◽  
D Values

Abstract Background The rate at which COVID-19 has spread throughout the globe has been alarming. While the role of fomite transmission is not yet fully understood, precise data on the environmental stability of SARS-CoV-2 is required to determine the risks of fomite transmission from contaminated surfaces. Methods This study measured the survival rates of infectious SARS-CoV-2, suspended in a standard ASTM E2197 matrix, on several common surface types. All experiments were carried out in the dark, to negate any effects of UV light. Inoculated surfaces were incubated at 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C and sampled at various time points. Results Survival rates of SARS-CoV-2 were determined at different temperatures and D-values, Z-values and half-life were calculated. We obtained half lives of between 1.7 and 2.7 days at 20 °C, reducing to a few hours when temperature was elevated to 40 °C. With initial viral loads broadly equivalent to the highest titres excreted by infectious patients, viable virus was isolated for up to 28 days at 20 °C from common surfaces such as glass, stainless steel and both paper and polymer banknotes. Conversely, infectious virus survived less than 24 h at 40 °C on some surfaces. Conclusion These findings demonstrate SARS-CoV-2 can remain infectious for significantly longer time periods than generally considered possible. These results could be used to inform improved risk mitigation procedures to prevent the fomite spread of COVID-19.

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