Distribution of physiologically inactive zinc in maize growing on a black earth soil

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Leece
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Stem Tissue ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
High Zinc ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Very High

Physiologically inactive zinc occurred in the roots and leaves but not the stems of maize seedlings when grown for 30 days in pots on a black earth soil. Expanded leaves had very high zinc concentrations (60–200 µg/g), yet expressed symptoms of zinc deficiency, which indicated that most of the zinc in these tissues was inactive. By contrast, stem tissue, which was 36% leaf sheaths and 64% new leaves and meristems, contained low levels of zinc (17 µg/g) when unfertilized and normal levels (27 µg/g) when fertilized with 10 µg/g zinc. Stem growth indicated that this zinc was active. Fertilizer phosphorus (200 µg/g) induced phosphorus/zinc imbalance and inactivated zinc further in roots, certain expanded leaves, and the stem. Zinc and phosphorus deficiencies and zinc inactivation were prevented by fertilization with both zinc (10 µg/g) and phosphorus (200 µg/g). This system is proposed as a model for the study of chemical and biochemical forms of active and inactive zinc in maize.

Limits to Dominance?

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Tony Blair ◽  
Prime Ministers ◽  
Margaret Thatcher ◽  
Capital Building ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Very High ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Policy Vision

This chapter compares the leadership capital of two long-serving UK prime ministers: Tony Blair and Margaret Thatcher, treble election winners who held office for a decade. Mapping their capital over time reveals two very different patterns. Thatcher began with low levels of capital, building to a mid-term high and final fragile dominance, though her capital fell between elections. Blair possessed very high levels from the outset that gradually declined in a more conventional pattern. Both benefited from electoral dominance and a divided opposition, Thatcher’s strength lay in her policy vision while Blair’s stemmed from his popularity and communication skills. The LCI reveals that both prime ministers were successful without being popular, sustained in office by the electoral system. Towards the end of their tenures, both leaders’ continued dominance masked fragility, ousted when unrest in their parties and policy unpopularity eroded their capital.

Enteropathic acrodermatitis in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
V.P. Novikova ◽  
◽  
A.A. Pokhlebkina ◽  
D.V. Zaslavsky ◽  
A.I. Khavkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Topical Therapy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Zinc Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Erythematous Plaques

Enteropathic acrodermatitis is a rare hereditary form of zinc deficiency, characterized by periorial and acral dermatitis, alopecia and diarrhea. Refers to congenital disorders of zinc metabolism, inherited as an autosomal recessive disease resulting from mutations in the gene for the zinc transporter SLC39A4. The prevalence ranges from 1 to 9:1,000,000, with an overall incidence of 1:500,000 newborns. The disease usually manifests itself in infancy, within a few weeks of stopping breastfeeding and switching the baby to a cow's milk-based formula, or in the first days of life if artificially fed from birth. The classical clinical manifestations of acrodermatitis enteropathic are characterized by the triad: acral and periofital dermatitis, alopecia and diarrhea, but all three signs together occur only in 20% of cases. Diarrhea may develop concurrently with skin symptoms, may precede or occur later. Characteristic signs of skin lesions include sharply demarcated, dry, scaly erythematous plaques or edematous foci with vesicles and pustules on the skin of the elbow and knee joints, distal extremities, genitals, in the inguinal folds, which are usually symmetrically distributed, have sharp boundaries and irregular outlines. The course of the skin syndrome is long, as it progresses, non-healing erosive and ulcerative areas appear. Plasma zinc deficiency is the gold standard for diagnosis. Most infants with AE have low plasma zinc concentrations (<500 mcg/L or <50 mcg/dl), but a level of less than 70 mcg/L on an empty stomach or less than 65 mcg/dl in older non-dieting children is considered diagnostically significant. Treatment for this disease usually includes enteral or parenteral zinc administration, at a dose of 1-3 mg/kg/day. for elemental zinc. A clinical response is observed within 5–10 days. Supportive zinc therapy is necessary throughout the patient's life, although periods of remission have been reported. Topical therapy is also used: Dexpanthenol in the form of a cream, applied 3 times a day in the area of dermatitis, can enhance re-epithelialization. There is no significant evidence of improvement with topical zinc application. No activity restrictions are required for patients with acrodermatitis enteropathic. Key words: zinc deficiency, enteropathic acrodermatitis, children

Zinc Deficiency and Edema

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
MICHAEL H. N. GOLDEN ◽  
BARBARA E. GOLDEN
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Plasma Zinc Concentration ◽  
Clear Association ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

To the Editor.— Kumar and Anday1 describe three premature infants presenting with edema and hypoproteinemia—the classical signs of kwashiorkor—between 5 and 9 weeks of age. Such cases are not uncommon in developing countries. Kumar and Anday's patients had low plasma zinc concentrations (43, 37, and 42 µg/dL). On this basis the authors claim that edema and hypoproteinemia is a clinical presentation of zinc deficiency not previously reported. We reported2 a clear association between "nutritional" edema and a low plasma zinc concentration in 1979; our subsequent experience has confirmed that edema of this type is always associated with a low plasma zinc concentration, as indeed Kumar and Andays' cases demonstrate.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the vulnerability of families assisted in Primary Care in Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 935-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tharsila Martins Rios da Silva ◽  
Márcia Regina Martins Alvarenga ◽  
Maria Amélia de Campos Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Federal District ◽  
Family Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Access To Knowledge ◽  
The City ◽  
Very High ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

OBJECTIVE: to characterize the profiles of families in the area covered by a Primary Health Center and to identify those in a vulnerable situation. METHOD: this is an epidemiological, observational, cross-sectional and quantitative study. 320 home visits were made, defined by a random sample of the areas covered by the Urban Center 1 in the city of São Sebastião, in Brazil's Federal District. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection, elaborated based on the Family Development Index (FDI). RESULTS: there was a predominance of young families, women, and low levels of schooling. The FDI permitted the identification of families in situations of "high" and "very high" vulnerability. The most critical dimensions were: "access to knowledge" and "access to work". CONCLUSION: the study indicated the importance of greater investments in the areas of education, work and income, and highlighted the need for the use of a wider concept of vulnerability by the health services.

The economic and financial viability of sheltered employment centres

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 2261-2283
Author(s):  
Vera Gelashvili ◽  
Eva María Aguilar Pastor ◽  
María-Jesús Segovia-Vargas ◽  
Maria-del-Mar Camacho-Miñano
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Very High

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether sheltered employment centers (CEEs) which have a higher rate of professionalization of their managers have better economic returns than those that have a lower one. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire has been drawn up for their managers. After collecting the answers, an index of professionalization classifies the CEEs with managers of high, medium and low levels of professionalism. This index is then correlated with the main financial ratios of companies. Findings The results show that companies with the highest level of managers’ professionalization, on average, have higher economic returns than companies with medium and low rates, although the difference is not very high. This study is an important contribution to academic literature, as it is the first to examine the professionalization of CEE managers. Research limitations/implications Finally, this paper is not short of limitations. The number of responses is small but there are similar studies with similar response rates. Additionally, the scarcity of responses may suggest that there is a lack of interest about the utility of professionalization by some CEEs managers because, perhaps, they do not have the necessary competences to understand its importance in management. Practical implications This study has some main implications for stakeholders: first, CEEs must pay more attention to the professionalization of their management team, because professionalization can lead to meeting its goals and guaranteeing the firm’s growth. Second, training programs in skills and attitudes should be designed to strengthen these competencies. Moreover, managers of social firms should know that the establishment of strategic plans will be useful to identify new opportunities in the market. Social implications Given the important role of these social firms for the employment of people with disabilities, training programs should be promoted by government in order to ensure the professionalization of these companies. Originality/value This research is an important contribution to the literature on this subject because there are no studies about the level of professionalization of CEEs, companies that represent an important value for the economy of a country.

scholarly journals Mycobacterial resistance to zinc poisoning requires assembly of P-ATPase-containing membrane metal efflux platforms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves-Marie Boudehen ◽  
Marion Faucher ◽  
Xavier Marechal ◽  
Roger Miras ◽  
Jerome Rech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Membrane Microdomain ◽  
High Zinc ◽  
Functional Membrane ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Metal Efflux ◽  
High Concentrations

Transition metals are toxic at high concentrations. The P1B-ATPase metal exporter CtpC/Rv3270 is required for resistance to zinc poisoning in the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here, we discovered that zinc resistance also depends on the chaperone-like protein PacL1/Rv3269. PacL1 bound Zn2+, but unlike PacL1 and CtpC, the PacL1 metal-binding motif (MBM) was required only at high zinc concentrations. PacL1 co-localized with CtpC in dynamic microdomains within the mycobacterial plasma membrane. Microdomain formation did not require flotillins nor the PacL1 MBM. Instead, loss of the PacL1 Glutamine/Alanine repeats led to loss of CtpC and sensitivity to zinc. PacL1 and CtpC are within the same operon, and homologous PacL1-P1B-ATPase pairs are widely distributed within and across prokaryotes. PacL1 colocalized and functioned redundantly with PacL orthologs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Overall, our study suggests that PacL proteins are scaffolds that assemble P-ATPase-containing metal efflux platforms, a novel type of functional membrane microdomain that underlies bacterial resistance to metal poisoning.

scholarly journals SEGREGATION IN POST-CIVIL RIGHTS AMERICA

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Rugh ◽  
Douglas S. Massey
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Spatial Isolation ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Post Civil Rights ◽  
Very High

AbstractIn this paper we adjudicate between competing claims of persisting segregation and rapid integration by analyzing trends in residential dissimilarity and spatial isolation for African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians living in 287 consistently defined metropolitan areas from 1970 to 2010. On average, Black segregation and isolation have fallen steadily but still remain very high in many areas, particularly those areas historically characterized by hypersegregation. In contrast, Hispanic segregation has increased slightly but Hispanic isolation has risen substantially owing to rapid population growth. Asian segregation has changed little and remains moderate, and although Asian isolation has increased it remains at low levels compared with other groups. Whites remain quite isolated from all three minority groups in metropolitan America, despite rising diversity and some shifts toward integration from the minority viewpoint.Multivariate analyses reveal that minority segregation and spatial isolation are actively produced in some areas by restrictive density zoning regimes, large and/or rising minority percentages, lagging minority socioeconomic status, and active expressions of anti-Black and anti-Latino sentiment, especially in large metropolitan areas. Areas displaying these characteristics are either integrating very slowly (in the case of Blacks) or becoming more segregated (in the case of Hispanics), whereas those lacking these attributes are clearly moving toward integration, often quite rapidly.

scholarly journals Collapse of the fishery for Iceland scallop (Chlamys islandica) in Breidafjordur, West Iceland

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jónas P. Jonasson ◽  
Gudrun Thorarinsdottir ◽  
Hrafnkell Eiriksson ◽  
Jon Solmundsson ◽  
Gudrun Marteinsdottir
Keyword(s):  
Stock Index ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Chlamys Islandica ◽  
Poor Recruitment ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Iceland Scallop ◽  
Fishing Area ◽  
Very High

Abstract Jonasson, J. P., Thorarinsdottir, G., Eiriksson, H., Solmundsson, J., and Marteinsdottir, G. 2007. Collapse of the fishery for Iceland scallop (Chlamys islandica) in Breidafjordur, West Iceland. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 298–308. The stock index of the Iceland scallop (Chlamys islandica) in Breidafjordur on the west coast of Iceland has declined drastically in recent years. Total fishing mortality was very high throughout the study period from 1993 to 2003, a period characterized by a steady increase in summer sea surface temperature, in 2003 reaching the highest estimated level of the previous century. Between 1998 and 2005, estimates of chlorophyll a (food availability) fluctuated with periods of low chlorophyll followed by a reduction in muscle weight and high natural mortality. High levels of natural mortality were observed in the main fishing area in the southern part of Breidafjordur. There the stock index had been declining since 1994. Recruitment to the fishable stock was highly variable during the study period, with low recruitment towards the end of the 1990s. Subsequently the fishery has been on relatively few year classes, and the stock has been fragile because of several years of poor recruitment and high natural mortality. Consequently, the stock appeared unable to withstand the fishing pressure and declined to historically low levels, leading to a halt to fishing in 2004.

Asymmetric Information and Corporate Risk Management by Using Foreign Currency Derivatives

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingxuan Lin ◽  
Chen-Miao Lin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Corporate Risk Management ◽  
Currency Derivatives ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Corporate Risk ◽  
Very High

We examine how information asymmetry affects a firm's incentive to hedge versus speculate by using foreign currency derivatives. We find a quadratic relation between asymmetric information and a firm's risk management activities. In particular, we find that the firms facing medium level of information asymmetry are more likely to hedge, while firms with very high and low levels of asymmetric information tend to speculate. Moreover, we find that our results hold primary for firms operating in highly competitive industries.

Effects of zinc deficiency on morphogenesis of the fetal rat eye

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238
Author(s):  
J.M. Rogers ◽  
L.S. Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Ocular Tissue ◽  
Fetal Rat ◽  
Optic Cup ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Ad Libitum

Maternal zinc deficiency during pregnancy results in a high frequency of fetal eye malformations in the Long-Evans rat. In this study we examine the development of the eye from days 12 through 21 of gestation in conceptuses of dams fed deficient or adequate levels of zinc and also examine maternal plasma and conceptus zinc concentrations during this period. Dams were fed diets containing 0.5 (0.5 Zn group), 4.5 (4.5 Zn group), or 100 (100 Zn AL group) micrograms zinc per gram diet ad libitum, or 100 micrograms zinc g-1 diet in amounts restricted on a daily basis to the intake of matched animals from the 0.5 Zn group (100 Zn RI group). Conceptuses were removed and maternal plasma was collected on days 12, 14, 16, 19 and 21 of gestation. Maternal plasma and conceptus zinc concentrations reflected maternal dietary zinc level, with dam plasma Zn concentrations in the order of 0.5 Zn group less than 4.5 Zn group less than 100 Zn group on all days. A similar pattern held for embryo/fetus zinc, except for days 19 and 21, at which times the 0.5 Zn and 4.5 Zn fetuses had similar zinc concentrations. Histological examination of the developing eye of 0.5 Zn fetuses on days 12 and 14 revealed that invagination of the optic cup was often deficient, and that closure of the choroid fissure did not occur, resulting in colobomata and retinal folding visible at term. A very few fetuses were found at term to be anophthalmic or have only remnants of ocular tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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