Effects of zinc deficiency on morphogenesis of the fetal rat eye

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238
Author(s):  
J.M. Rogers ◽  
L.S. Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Ocular Tissue ◽  
Fetal Rat ◽  
Optic Cup ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Ad Libitum

Maternal zinc deficiency during pregnancy results in a high frequency of fetal eye malformations in the Long-Evans rat. In this study we examine the development of the eye from days 12 through 21 of gestation in conceptuses of dams fed deficient or adequate levels of zinc and also examine maternal plasma and conceptus zinc concentrations during this period. Dams were fed diets containing 0.5 (0.5 Zn group), 4.5 (4.5 Zn group), or 100 (100 Zn AL group) micrograms zinc per gram diet ad libitum, or 100 micrograms zinc g-1 diet in amounts restricted on a daily basis to the intake of matched animals from the 0.5 Zn group (100 Zn RI group). Conceptuses were removed and maternal plasma was collected on days 12, 14, 16, 19 and 21 of gestation. Maternal plasma and conceptus zinc concentrations reflected maternal dietary zinc level, with dam plasma Zn concentrations in the order of 0.5 Zn group less than 4.5 Zn group less than 100 Zn group on all days. A similar pattern held for embryo/fetus zinc, except for days 19 and 21, at which times the 0.5 Zn and 4.5 Zn fetuses had similar zinc concentrations. Histological examination of the developing eye of 0.5 Zn fetuses on days 12 and 14 revealed that invagination of the optic cup was often deficient, and that closure of the choroid fissure did not occur, resulting in colobomata and retinal folding visible at term. A very few fetuses were found at term to be anophthalmic or have only remnants of ocular tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effects of Steroids on Fetal Rat Liver

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
F. G. Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Methyl Prednisolone ◽  
Fetal Rat ◽  
Toxic Agents ◽  
Fetal Rat Liver ◽  
Neonatal Liver

Fetal and neonatal liver injury induced by agents circulating in maternal plasma, even though well recognized, its morphological manifestations are not yet established. As part of our studies of fetal and neonatal liver injury induced by maternal nutritional disorders, metabolic impairment and toxic agents, the effects of two anti-inflammatory steroids have been recently inves tigated.Triamcinolone and methyl prednisolone were injected each in a group of rats during pregnancy at a-dosage level of 2 mgm three times a week. Fetal liver was studied at 18 days of gestation. Litter size and weight markedly decreased than those of control rats. Stillbirths and resorption were of higher incidence in the triamcinolone group than in those given the prednisolone.

Serum Zinc Levels in Cirrhotic Patients Attending General and Specialty Hospitals, Yangon

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Serum Zinc Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Cirrhosis Of Liver

Cirrhosis of liver is one of the common medical problem in daily clinical practice and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Zinc is an essential trace elements for human and plays in many biological roles in the body. Among them, zinc deficiency is thought to be involved in metabolism of ammonia and causes hyperammonia that worsen hepatic encephalopathy. This study aimed to find out the severity of cirrhosis of liver was by Child Turcotte Pugh score and to investigate the associations between serum zinc level and severity of cirrhosis. A hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 78 patients with different underlying causes of cirrhosis of liver at the Medical Units of Yangon General Hospital and Yangon Specialty Hospital. Among the study population, Child grade A was found to be 28.21%, Child grade B was 30.77% and Child grade C was 41.03%. Regarding result of serum zinc level, 62.8% were low level, 28.2% were within normal level and 8.9% were high level. Mean value of serum zinc level in grade A was 0.68 mg/l, grade B was 0.54 mg/l and grade C was 0.48 mg/l (p=0.00). It was found out that there was a high prevalence of zinc deficiency in severe cirrhotic patients. The zinc level was significantly lowest among patients with Child-Pugh C as compare to those with Child-Pugh B and C. Severity of zinc deficiency should be requested for supplementation therapy in cirrhotic patients as to prevent complications such as hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Screening for zinc deficiency may need in these patients with more advanced cirrhosis because it seems to be a marker of advanced liver disease and it can be deducted that awareness of serum zinc level among cirrhotic patients is very important in clinical practice.

Enteropathic acrodermatitis in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
V.P. Novikova ◽  
◽  
A.A. Pokhlebkina ◽  
D.V. Zaslavsky ◽  
A.I. Khavkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Topical Therapy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Zinc Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Erythematous Plaques

Enteropathic acrodermatitis is a rare hereditary form of zinc deficiency, characterized by periorial and acral dermatitis, alopecia and diarrhea. Refers to congenital disorders of zinc metabolism, inherited as an autosomal recessive disease resulting from mutations in the gene for the zinc transporter SLC39A4. The prevalence ranges from 1 to 9:1,000,000, with an overall incidence of 1:500,000 newborns. The disease usually manifests itself in infancy, within a few weeks of stopping breastfeeding and switching the baby to a cow's milk-based formula, or in the first days of life if artificially fed from birth. The classical clinical manifestations of acrodermatitis enteropathic are characterized by the triad: acral and periofital dermatitis, alopecia and diarrhea, but all three signs together occur only in 20% of cases. Diarrhea may develop concurrently with skin symptoms, may precede or occur later. Characteristic signs of skin lesions include sharply demarcated, dry, scaly erythematous plaques or edematous foci with vesicles and pustules on the skin of the elbow and knee joints, distal extremities, genitals, in the inguinal folds, which are usually symmetrically distributed, have sharp boundaries and irregular outlines. The course of the skin syndrome is long, as it progresses, non-healing erosive and ulcerative areas appear. Plasma zinc deficiency is the gold standard for diagnosis. Most infants with AE have low plasma zinc concentrations (<500 mcg/L or <50 mcg/dl), but a level of less than 70 mcg/L on an empty stomach or less than 65 mcg/dl in older non-dieting children is considered diagnostically significant. Treatment for this disease usually includes enteral or parenteral zinc administration, at a dose of 1-3 mg/kg/day. for elemental zinc. A clinical response is observed within 5–10 days. Supportive zinc therapy is necessary throughout the patient's life, although periods of remission have been reported. Topical therapy is also used: Dexpanthenol in the form of a cream, applied 3 times a day in the area of dermatitis, can enhance re-epithelialization. There is no significant evidence of improvement with topical zinc application. No activity restrictions are required for patients with acrodermatitis enteropathic. Key words: zinc deficiency, enteropathic acrodermatitis, children

Zinc Deficiency and Edema

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
MICHAEL H. N. GOLDEN ◽  
BARBARA E. GOLDEN
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Plasma Zinc Concentration ◽  
Clear Association ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

To the Editor.— Kumar and Anday1 describe three premature infants presenting with edema and hypoproteinemia—the classical signs of kwashiorkor—between 5 and 9 weeks of age. Such cases are not uncommon in developing countries. Kumar and Anday's patients had low plasma zinc concentrations (43, 37, and 42 µg/dL). On this basis the authors claim that edema and hypoproteinemia is a clinical presentation of zinc deficiency not previously reported. We reported2 a clear association between "nutritional" edema and a low plasma zinc concentration in 1979; our subsequent experience has confirmed that edema of this type is always associated with a low plasma zinc concentration, as indeed Kumar and Andays' cases demonstrate.

scholarly journals Zinc deficiency may play a crucial role in dialysis-associated bacterial infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e9-e9
Author(s):  
Zahra Lotfi ◽  
Abbas Ali Zeraati ◽  
Elaheh Dashti ◽  
Tina Zeraati ◽  
Maryam Arghiany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Systemic bacterial infections are a common cause of mortality and morbidity in hemodialysis patients. Zinc has a critical role in several immune system functions. Patients who have enough amounts of zinc are able to better face infections caused by various pathogens in comparison to those with zinc insufficiency Objective We sought to assess the role of zinc deficiency in dialysis-associated bacterial infections. Patients and Methods: Eighty-Three adult patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis including 43 patients with bacterial infectious complications and 40 non-infected patients as well as 41 healthy individuals were enrolled. Clinical data, laboratory values including serum zinc level and imaging findings were collected. SPSS was utilized to analyze the data with a significance cutoff set at P < 0.05. Results: Out of 124 participants, 80 (64.51%) were males and 44 (35.49%) were females. The mean age of infected hemodialysis group, non-infected hemodialysis group, and healthy controls were 50.8 ± 16.25, 49.1 ± 18.1, and 56.3 ± 18.2 years, respectively. Catheter site infection (37.3%) and urinary tract infection (30.2%) were the most common infections. The mean serum zinc concentration was significantly lower in the infected patients, compared to non-infected patients and healthy individuals (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The ESRD patients on hemodialysis have lower serum zinc levels which are associated with increased risk of bacterial infection. The role of screening for zinc deficiency and use of supplemental zinc in these patients need to be studied.

scholarly journals The phenomenon of zinc deficiency among children in China aged 3–5 years old

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Bi ◽  
Zhenyu Yang ◽  
Xuehong Pang ◽  
Yifan Duan ◽  
Jianqiang Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Control Samples

AbstractIntroductionzinc is an essential micro-nutrient for growth and proper immune function. Yet there are limited data available on the prevalence of zinc deficiency among children aged 3–5 at the country level. This information will enable health planners to determine the need for zinc intervention activities and to stimulate further research into these areas.materials and methodsThe data on children aged 3–5 were extracted from the Chinese National Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2013. By multi-stage stratified cluster randomly sampling method, 30 children aged 3–5 years old were selected from each region for this study from 55 counties in China to analyze serum zinc. Finally, 1472 children aged 3–5 years were included in the study. The concentration of serum zinc was determined by high resolution inductively coupled plasm mass spectrometry. High and low level quality control samples were used, measured value was (1.63 ± 0.04)mg/l and (2.80 ± 0.06)mg/l, respectively. CV of quality control samples were 1.69%~2.45%. The zinc deficiency was defined as serum zinc level < 70μg/dl with the standard of WHO.Resultsserum zinc means of children aged 3–5 years was (95.3 ± 18.2)μg/dl and 3.9% children with zinc deficiency. serum zinc means level in urban children was (98.9 ± 17.6)μg/dl, and (91.6 ± 18.2)μg/dl in rural area. we showed that the serum zinc deficiency rate was higher in rural children (5.5%) than urban children (2.4%), and there were significant differences between these two areas. serum zinc means level in boys aged 3–5 years was (95.3 ± 18.7)μg/dl, and (95.3 ± 17.8)μg/dl in girls aged 3–5 years old. The prevalence of zinc deficiency was 1.5%, 6.6% and 1.8% in 3~,4~,5~ years old urban boys, respectively; 6.8%, 7.7% and 4.0% in rural boys, respectively. The prevalence of zinc deficiency was 2.3%, 0.8% and 1.7% in 3~,4~,5~ years old urban girls, respectively; 4.1%, 7.0% and 4.0% in rural girls, respectively. And there were differences between urban and rural areas in girls of 4~.5 years.DiscussionThe zinc level of children aged 3–5 years in China has been improved compared with ten years ago, but the zinc deficiency of rural children is still lower than that of urban children, especially those aged 4 to 5 years in rural areas, so we should pay more attention to this group.

ZINC DEFICIENCY IN EASTERN ONTARIO ORCHARDS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Heeney ◽  
G. M. Ward ◽  
W. M. Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Eastern Ontario ◽  
Zinc Levels

Typical symptoms of zinc deficiency were found in McIntosh, Northern Spy, and Delicious varieties of apples in at least 50% of the orchards sampled in eastern Ontario. The average level of zinc in the foliage collected in mid-July from those orchards showing zinc deficiency symptoms was 10.1 p.p.m. compared with 15.9 p.p.m. in material from orchards not showing symptoms. There was no evidence of varietal effects on zinc level. There was considerable variation in zinc levels in deficient orchards between 1959 and 1960 but no variation in the level of foliage from normal trees. Summer sprays of 0.2% zinc oxide or 0.15% zinc sulphate applied May 30 corrected the symptoms.

Regulation of electrolyte composition of fetal rat plasma

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Adolph ◽  
P. A. Hoy
Keyword(s):  
Water Analysis ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Rat Fetuses ◽  
Pentobarbital Anesthesia ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Cardiac Puncture ◽  
Fetal Rat

Is fetal plasma a transudate of maternal plasma? Cl, Na, and K concentrations were measured in plasmas obtained by cardiac puncture of exposed rat fetuses while the maternal rat was under pentobarbital anesthesia. At rest, Cl had 0.95 x the maternal concentration, Na 1.00, and K 1.6x. When hypertonic NaCl was infused into a maternal vein, the Cl in the fetal plasma increased only half as much as in the maternal plasma, a steady differential being maintained at 1–3 hr. In contrast, Na increased alike in both plasmas. When electrolytes were depleted from the mother by intraperitoneal dialysis, both Na and Cl were lost proportionately. Sucrose solution added to the mother's blood diluted the electrolytes of her plasma but increased them in the fetal plasma by withdrawal of water. Analysis of the fetuses showed that water moved out from the fetuses while Na and Cl moved inward after NaCl was given to the mother; depletion of the mother led only to movement of Na and Cl from the fetus. Thus Cl and K are maintained in fetal plasma, when sampled in the above manner, at concentrations differing from those of maternal plasma; and circumstances were found in which these differences are exaggerated. Therefore fetal plasma is not a transudate.

scholarly journals Maternal plasma zinc concentrations and pregnancy outcome

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsunenobu Tamura ◽  
Robert L Goldenberg ◽  
Kelley E Johnston ◽  
Mary DuBard
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Zinc Concentrations
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