The nutritive value for dairy cows of silage made from formaldehyde-treated herbage

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 769 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Valentine ◽  
JC Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Significant Treatment

Formaldehyde-prepared silages and untreated silage were made from grass-clover herbage and offered to dairy cows. Formaldehyde was applied at 0.6 and 1.2% of the dry matter of the herbage. The 1.2% formaldehyde-prepared silage had significantly lower concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, total organic acids and propionic acid than untreated silage, but a higher concentration of lactic acid. The 0.6% formaldehyde-prepared silage had a similar degree of fermentation to untreated silage, but more lactic acid and less butyric acid were produced. Treatment with formaldehyde significantly reduced the in vitro digestibilities of dry matter and nitrogen. Cows offered the formaldehyde-prepared silages had significantly greater ad libitum dry matter intakes, produced significantly more milk, protein, butterfat and solids not fat (SNF), and utilized digestible energy more efficiently for milk production than cows offered untreated silage. Differences between treatments in the percentages of butterfat, protein and SNF in milk from cows offered the silages were generally not significant. Treatment with formaldehyde was a suitable method of controlling the ensiling fermentation to Increase the ad lib. dry matter intake and the production of milk and milk components by dairy cows.

Dry matter intake, nutrient selection and milk production of dairy cows grazing rainfed perennial pastures at different herbage allowances in spring

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Moate ◽  
D. E. Dalley ◽  
J. R. Roche ◽  
C. Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Selection Differentials

Summary. The effect of herbage allowance (20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 kg DM/cow. day) on the consumption of nutrients from herbage and milk production by cows in early lactation, was examined. The experiment was conducted on rainfed perennial ryegrass pastures in September and October 1997 in south-eastern Victoria, Australia. The herbage on offer comprised 64% perennial ryegrass, 21% other grasses, 1% white clover, 5% weeds and 9% dead material on a dry matter (DM) basis. The average pregrazing herbage height was 13 cm, at an estimated pregrazing herbage mass of 3.6 t DM/ha. The herbage on offer was of high quality containing 11.6 MJ metabolisable energy/kg DM, 202 g crude protein/kg DM and 525 g neutral detergent fibre/kg DM. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur and chloride were 4.4, 2.2, 4.4, 31.2, 3.5, 2.7 and 11.4 g/kg DM, respectively. As daily herbage allowance per cow increased, dry matter intake increased curvilinearly (P<0.01) from 11.2 to 18.7 kg DM/cow. day. This was associated with a decrease in utilisation of herbage from 54 to 26% and an increase in milk production from 25.9 to 29.1 kg/cow. day. The cows on all treatments grazed for less than 8.7 h/day. The increase in intake was achieved by an increase in the rate of herbage intake from 1.5 to 2.2 kg DM/h for herbage allowances of 20 and 70 kg/cow.day, respectively. Irrespective of herbage allowance, cows selected a diet that was approximately 10% higher in in vitro dry matter digestibility and 30% higher in crude protein than that in the herbage on offer. The neutral detergent fibre content of the herbage selected was lower (P<0.05) than that on offer. The herbage consumed contained more (P<0.05) magnesium, potassium and sulfur, the same amount of calcium and phosphorus and less (P<0.05) sodium and chloride than the herbage on offer. For rainfed perennial pastures in spring, herbage allowance is an important factor in determining voluntary feed intake and production of dairy cows. To achieve 30 L from herbage, without supplementation, high herbage allowances are required. The increase in herbage intake, with increasing herbage allowance, resulted from an increase in rate of dry matter intake and not an increase in grazing time. No relationship was evident between herbage allowance and the selection differentials for in vitro dry matter digestibility, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre. Selection differentials for rainfed perennial pastures in spring are similar to those reported for irrigated perennial pastures in northern Victoria in spring and autumn. When determining nutrient requirements it is important to consider the interaction between herbage intake and nutrient concentration in the herbage.

COMPARISON OF MALE STERILE CORN AND REGULAR CORN AS SILAGE FOR DAIRY COWS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. BURGESS ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Relative Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Hybrid

The relative nutritive value of male sterile corn silage (23.7% dry matter) and regular corn silage (26.5% dry matter) was determined with lactating dairy cows during three consecutive crop years. The regular corn hybrid had 25% of the kernels removed by black birds prior to harvesting. Grain was fed according to milk production (1 kg/2.75 kg milk) and silage was offered ad libitum as the only forage. Dry matter, soluble carbohydrate and insoluble nitrogen percentages were lower while crude protein and acid detergent fiber levels were higher in the male sterile corn silage. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter, nitrogen and energy determined with sheep were not different between silages. Silage dry matter intake and total dry matter intake were higher (P < 0.05) for cows fed regular corn silage in only one of the three trials. Actual milk, 4% fat-corrected milk yields and milk fat and protein percentages were not affected by silage treatment. Key words: Male sterile corn, silage, dairy cows

Hay supplements to overcome underfeeding of dairy cows. 2. Late lactation

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (109) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
KR King ◽  
CR Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ration Composition

The effect of hay supplementation on the performance of dairy cows on a restricted intake of paspalum-dominant perennial pasture was studied in two 21 -day periods in the eighth and ninth months of lactation. In each period, there were three groups fed pasture only at mean intakes of 15.2, 11.5 and 7.3 kg/cow day-1, two groups fed at similar pasture restriction levels and supplemented with hay ad libitum, and one further group fed an average of 7.3 kg of pasture supplemented with only 4.3 kg of hay. The data were analyzed by regression, using total dry matter intake as the dependent variable, and pseudovariables were used to examine the effects of hay feeding. The relations between total dry matter intake and milk, butterfat, protein and solids-not-fat production, and change in body condition of dairy cows were not altered by ration composition. Milk production declined linearly by 0.66 kg and 0.31 kg/cow day-1 in the eight and ninth months of lactation, respectively, for each kg reduction in total dry matter intake. Similar responses were obtained for butterfat, protein and solids-not-fat production. Gain in body condition of the cows also decreased as total intake fell, but the relation was curvilinear and not affected by stage of lactation. It was concluded that high quality hay can be used to overcome shortages of paspalum-dominant perennial pasture in autumn, and that it has similar. nutritive value to pasture in terms of milk production and body condition.

Production, composition and manufacturing properties of milk from dairy cows fed hay and silages made from either wilted herbage or formaldehyde-treated herbage

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (98) ◽  
pp. 290 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Valentine ◽  
RB Wickes
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Production Composition

Hay, normal silage, and silages prepared from herbage either treated with formaldehyde at 0.8% of the dry matter (DM) ('formaldehyde silage') or wilted to 31 % DM ('wilted silage') were all made from grass/clover herbage cut at the same time. Dairy cows were offered the feeds ad libitum together with 4.5 kg of a barley-meatmeal concentrate daily. The chemical composition, digestibility and DM intake of the feeds together with the production, composition and manufacturing properties of the milk were determined. Compared with normal silage, the formaldehyde silage and wilted silage had lower concentrations of total titratable acids, butyric acid and lactic acid. The DM intakes (g day-1kg -0.75 by COWS of normal silage (126.7) and wilted silage (133.7) were higher than those of formaldehyde silage (114.0) and hay (103.6). The yield of milk fat (kg day-1) was greater for the cows offered wilted silage (0.62) and hay (0.62) than for cows offered normal silage (0.58). The yield of milk protein (kg day-1) was greater for the cows offered wilted silage (0.54) and hay (0.54) than for those offered formaldehyde silage (0.50) and normal silage (0.47). The percentages of milk protein and solids not fat, respectively, were greater for the cows offered wilted silage (3.37, 8.83), formaldehyde silage (3.30, 8.83) and hay (3.30, 8.89) than for those offered normal silage (3.1 5, 8.61). No differences were found between treatments in the heat stability characteristics of the milk. However, the milk of cows fed normal silage produced a firmer rennet curd than the milk from cows fed hay, wilted silage or formaldehyde silage. Cows offered normal silage, formaldehyde silage, wilted silage and hay had liveweight gains (kg day-1) of 0.1 6, 0.35, 0.86 and 0.04, respectively. It is concluded that although the milk fat and protein production of cows fed wilted silage and hay were similar, dairy farmers may prefer to feed wilted silage to dairy cows especially in late lactation, because of the ability of the cows to consume more wilted silage and consequently increase liveweight in preparation for the next lactation.

Evaluation of festulolium (×Festulolium Braunii) ‘Paulita’ haylage in dairy cows: Nutritive value, dry matter intake, animal performance and rumen degradability

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiko Touno ◽  
Shiro Kushibiki ◽  
Hiroyuki Shingu ◽  
Mitsuru Shinoda ◽  
Akinori Oshibe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Animal Performance

scholarly journals Effects of dry period management on milk production, dry matter intake, and energy balance of dairy cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Khazanehei ◽  
S. Li ◽  
E. Khafipour ◽  
J. C. Plaizier
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Short Treatment ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Lower Production

Khazanehei, H., Li, S., Khafipour, E. and Plaizier, J. C. 2015. Effects of dry period management on milk production, dry matter intake, and energy balance of dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 433–444. Effects of dry-period management on milk production, feed intake, and energy balance were determined in 11 second-parity (PAR 2) and 15 third or later parity (PAR 3+) cows. Cows were paired based on expected calving date, and randomly assigned to treatments including a conventional 60-d dry period with a 39-d far-off and a 21-d close-up diet (CONV), and a short 40-d dry period with only a close-up diet (SHORT). Treatment did not affect dry matter intake (DMI) and energy balance across the 6 wk before calving and the 4 wk after calving. Across the first 16 wk of lactation, cows on the short treatment had lower milk yield compared to cows on the CONU treatment that was mostly due to the lower production in PAR 3+ cows. Also, PAR 3+ cows on the SHORT treatment had lower milk protein yields and higher somatic cell counts than the other cows. In general, PAR 2 cows on the SHORT treatment had similar DMI, fat corrected milk yields, and protein and fat yields and percentages compared to cows in both parity groups on the CONV treatment. This suggests that the SHORT treatment may be suitable for PAR 2 cows, but not for older cows.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis on the Impact of the Supplementation of Rumen-Protected Choline on the Metabolic Health and Performance of Dairy Cattle

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humer ◽  
Bruggeman ◽  
Zebeli
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

After parturition, cows undergo negative energy balance leading to fat mobilization, predisposing them to fatty liver syndrome and ketosis with major consequences for health and reproduction. Supplementation of rumen-protected choline (RPC) has attracted major research efforts during the last decade, assuming that choline improves liver function by increasing very low-density lipoprotein exportation from the liver, thereby improving metabolic profiles, milk production, and reproduction. However, the effects of RPC on production, health, and reproduction have been inconsistent. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of RPC supplementation, starting from d 20 (± 12.2) ante partum to d 53 (± 31.0) postpartum, on feed intake, milk production performance and metabolic profiles of dairy cows early postpartum. Data analyses from 27 published studies showed an increase in postpartal dry matter intake (from on average 19.1 to 19.9 kg/d; p < 0.01) and milk yield (from on average 31.8 to 32.9 kg/d; p = 0.03) in cows receiving RPC. Milk fat yield and milk protein yield were also increased (p ≤ 0.05), without changing milk protein and fat contents. However, no interactive effects between cow’s milk yield level and RPC-supplementation as well as no dose-dependent effects of RPC supplementation were observed. Supplementing the diet with RPC showed no effects on blood metabolites (non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, and cholesterol), independent of the milk yield level of the cows. An effect on liver triacylglycerol contents, incidence of ketosis, and mastitis could not be confirmed across all studies included in this meta-analysis. Also, the positive effects of RPC supplementation on reproductive performance were not consistent findings. In conclusion, supplementing RPC in lactating dairy cows showed positive effects on dry matter intake which likely caused the improved milk yield. However, RPC supplementation did not improve the metabolic health status of the cows. As several factors might be related to the responses to RPC, further research is needed to explore the precise mechanisms of RPC action in lactating cows, especially with regards to feed intake improvement and its related metabolic health-promoting potential in early lactating dairy cows.

scholarly journals Effects of Adding Pre-Fermented Fluid Prepared from Red Clover or Lucerne on Fermentation Quality and in Vitro Digestibility of Red Clover and Lucerne Silages

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Lin Sun ◽  
Yun Jiang ◽  
Qinyin Ling ◽  
Na Na ◽  
Haiwen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Positive Effect

This study examined the effects of chopping or chopping + blender maceration of red clover or lucerne on pre-fermented juice (PFJ) and determined the effects of PFJs on the quality of red clover silage or lucerne silage. The PFJs from chopping red clover (PFJ-RC) or lucerne (PFJ-LC) had a higher lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count than that from chopping + blender maceration (p < 0.05) and were used as additives. Compared with the Control of both silages, adding PFJ increased LAB, lactic acid (LA), and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD) (p < 0.05), while pH, acetic acid (AA), and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (NH3-N/TN) were decreased (p < 0.05). For red clover silages, the PFJ-RC treatment contained the greatest LAB and LA and the lowest pH and NH3-N/TN among treatments (p < 0.05); similar results were observed in PFJ-LC treatment for lucerne silages (p < 0.05). The IVDMD of both silages correlated negatively with pH, AA, and NH3-N/TN and positively with LA (p < 0.05). Overall, chopping alone was a better method for preparing PFJ. Adding PFJ at ensiling increased LA and decreased the pH, AA, and NH3-N/TN of both silages. Ensiling lucerne or red clover with PFJ from the ensiling material had a more positive effect on the fermentation parameters mentioned above. Satisfactory fermentation parameters detected in the present study contributed to improving the IVDMD of both silages.

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