Silicon content of wheat husks in relation to water transpired

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
JT Hutton ◽  
K Norrish
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Relationship

The possibility of using the silicon content of wheat as a measure of transpiration in the field has been investigated. Silicon is concentrated in the husks, containing about one-third of the total silicon in the plant, and so the husks were used for most measurements. Samples, from field trials extending over several seasons and from a number of localities, showed that the percentage silicon (% Si) in the husks is closely related to water transpired. The equation, water used(cm) = 7.4+4.6(%Si) (r = 0. 99 , n = 8), should be applicable to most of the wheat-growing areas of southern Australia, but the addition of fertilizers, particularly nitrogen, modifies the equation. The relationship between weight of silicon in the tops and water transpired is consistent with the known solubility of Si(OH)4 in soils, but the correlation is poorer than that using percentage silicon.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Bulb Yield and Allicin Concentration in Garlic Varieties

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Nguyen ◽  
Wehr ◽  
O’Hare ◽  
Hong ◽  
Menzies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Tropical Varieties ◽  
The Relationship

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is used as a vegetable and medicinal plant. It is a rich source of organosulfur compounds, in particular allicin, which contributes to the flavour and health benefits. Although worldwide garlic production is increasing, demand continues to outstrip supply. Improving the yield of garlic will address the increasing demand, while increasing allicin concentration will improve its potential health benefits and flavour. It is unknown if increasing garlic bulb size (yield) has a negative effect on allicin concentration of garlic. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of the relationship between yield and allicin concentration is required. A field experiment was conducted at Gatton (QLD, Australia) with 32 varieties, of which 29 varieties were sourced from World Vegetable Centre and 3 varieties from existing Queensland sub-tropical varieties. The garlic cloves were planted in March 2018 with 4 replicates in a randomised complete block design and harvested when garlic had 70% senescence. Varieties showed large variation in bulb size, ranging from about 35 to 120 g, with fresh yield ranging from about 5.5 to 16 t/ha. The allicin concentration ranged from 3.5 to 6.6 mg g−1 fresh weight (FW) between varieties and more than 50% of varieties were under the minimum pharmaceutical standard for allicin concentration (>4.5 mg g−1 in FW). Across varieties there was an inverse relationship between yield and allicin concentration. However, there were some varieties which had both high allicin concentration and yield. Current field trials investigate the effect of agronomic practices on yield and allicin concentration in garlic varieties.

scholarly journals Design, Implementation and Control of a Fish Robot with Undulating Fins

10.5772/50898 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Siahmansouri ◽  
Ahmad Ghanbari ◽  
Mir Masoud Seyyed Fakhrabadi
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Robotic Fish ◽  
Propulsive Force ◽  
Fish Robot ◽  
Revolution Speed ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Phase Angles ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Undulating Fin

Biomimetic robots can potentially perform better than conventional robots in underwater vehicle designing. This paper describes the design of the propulsion system and depth control of a robotic fish. In this study, inspired by knife fish, we have designed and implemented an undulating fin to produce propulsive force. This undulating fin is a segmental anal fin that produces sinusoidal wave to propel the robot. The relationship between the individual fin segment and phase angles with the overall fin trajectory has also been discussed. This propulsive force can be adjusted and directed for fish robot manoeuvre by a mechanical system with two servomotors. These servomotors regulate the direction and depth of swimming. A wireless remote control system is designed to adjust the servomotors which enables us to control revolution, speed and phase differences of neighbor servomotors of fins. Finally, Field trials are conducted in an outdoor pool to demonstrate the relationship between robotic fish speed and fin parameters like phase difference, the number of phase and undulatory amplitude.

On the oxidation resistance of superhard Ti–Si–C–N coatings

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2420-2428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Guo ◽  
Shengli Ma ◽  
Kewei Xu ◽  
Tom Bell ◽  
Xiaoying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Silicon Content ◽  
Oxidation Behavior ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Surface Morphologies ◽  
The Relationship

The oxidation behavior of three types of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) processed Ti–Si–C–N coatings with silicon content ranging from 4.3 to 11.6 at.% has been investigated at high temperatures. Systematic characterization was conducted to study the evolution of composition, phase constituents, hardness, surface morphologies, microstructures, and grain size during oxidation. A two-stage oxidation process was observed between 700 and 1000 °C for all three coatings. Experimental results indicate that a superhardness of 40 GPa can be maintained up to 700, 800, and 850 °C for 4.3, 7.4, and 11.6 at.% Si coatings, respectively; the dual-phased 7.4 and 11.6 at.% Si coatings show a better oxidation resistance than the single-phased 4.3 at.% Si coating. On the basis of the results, a mechanism is proposed to explain the relationship between the nanostructure and oxidation behavior.

scholarly journals PENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN MATEMATIS MELALUI PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA BERBANTUAN MACROMEDIA FLASH PADA SISWA KELAS VI SD MATERI BANGUN DATAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
PATRI JANSON SILABAN ◽  
ASNITA HASIBUAN
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Posttest Score ◽  
Mathematical Understanding ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Maximum Gain ◽  
Device Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The problem in this research is learning rarely uses media in learning,  students' mathematical understanding ability is still low in mathematics learning flat-build material, lack of learning media. This study aims to determine the relationship of the development of Macromedia Flash-assisted mathematics learning media related to flat material. This research method uses research and development (Research and Development). The 4-D device development model consists of 4 stages of development, namely Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate or adapted into a 4-D model, namely defining, designing, developing and disseminating. In the field trials the average pretest score is 68.24 while the average posttest score is 86.76. An average increase of 18.52. The minimum gain value is 0.62 while the maximum gain value is 1.00. In the test of the spread of the average pretest value is 60.33 while the average posttest score is 81.33. An average increase of 21. The minimum gain value is 0.77 while the maximum gain value is 0.83. Based on these data, the development of mathematics learning media assisted by macromedia flash has experienced a significant increase in students' mathematical understanding abilities.

scholarly journals Grazing under Irrigation Affects N2O-Emissions Substantially in South Africa

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 925
Author(s):  
Hendrik P. J. Smit ◽  
Thorsten Reinsch ◽  
Pieter A. Swanepoel ◽  
Christof Kluß ◽  
Friedhelm Taube
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tier 3 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Fertilized agricultural soils serve as a primary source of anthropogenic N2O emissions. In South Africa, there is a paucity of data on N2O emissions from fertilized, irrigated dairy-pasture systems and emission factors (EF) associated with the amount of N applied. A first study aiming to quantify direct N2O emissions and associated EFs of intensive pasture-based dairy systems in sub-Sahara Africa was conducted in South Africa. Field trials were conducted to evaluate fertilizer rates (0, 220, 440, 660, and 880 kg N ha−1 year−1) on N2O emissions from irrigated kikuyu–perennial ryegrass (Pennisetum clandestinum–Lolium perenne) pastures. The static chamber method was used to collect weekly N2O samples for one year. The highest daily N2O fluxes occurred in spring (0.99 kg ha−1 day−1) and summer (1.52 kg ha−1 day−1). Accumulated N2O emissions ranged between 2.45 and 15.5 kg N2O-N ha−1 year−1 and EFs for mineral fertilizers applied had an average of 0.9%. Nitrogen in yielded herbage varied between 582 and 900 kg N ha−1. There was no positive effect on growth of pasture herbage from adding N at high rates. The relationship between N balance and annual N2O emissions was exponential, which indicated that excessive fertilization of N will add directly to N2O emissions from the pastures. Results from this study could update South Africa’s greenhouse gas inventory more accurately to facilitate Tier 3 estimates.

scholarly journals Metabolite profiles of maize leaves in drought, heat and combined stress field trials reveal the relationship between metabolism and grain yield

2015 ◽  
pp. pp.01164.2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Obata ◽  
Sandra Witt ◽  
Jan Lisec ◽  
Natalia Palacios-Rojas ◽  
Igor Florez-Sarasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Field ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
The Relationship

Iophenoxic acid as a serum marker for red deer (Cervus elaphus scoticus)

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Sweetapple ◽  
G. Nugent
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Serum Marker ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
The Relationship

As part of a study investigating the efficacy of toxic foliage baits for controlling red deer in New Zealand, a pen trial was conducted to determine whether red deer could be marked by oral dosing with the serum marker iophenoxic acid. The doses required to mark red deer, retention times, and the relationship between dose and serum concentration of the marker were also investigated. Three groups of three deer were fed baits containing 0.26, 2.32, and 6.10 mg iophenoxic acid per kilogram of bodyweight. Mean serum iodine concentration was significantly greater in deer fed marked baits for at least 40 days after dosing than in deer fed unmarked baits. The level of marking in each group was proportional to the dose, suggesting that iophenoxic acid may be used to quantify the amount of bait consumed by red deer. Iophenoxic acid is, therefore, an effective serum marker for red deer and could be used in short- and medium-term ecological and bait technology development field trials.

Field Trials of Larvicides against Culicoides with a Discussion on the Relationship Between Rainfall and Larval Control

1957 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Kettle ◽  
R. H. Parish
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Larval Control ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Residual Control ◽  
Effective Distribution

SummaryFurther observations and trials were conducted with insecticides against larvae of Culicoides impunctatus Goetgh. on Soutra Hill, Midlothian. The analysis of the data was complicated by a large natural reduction (76%) which occurred in the untreated plots. Nevertheless, it appears that the following dosages of insecticidal preparation were still active two years after application:—(a) 50 and 200 mg. p,p′DDT/sq. ft. applied as a dust, wettable powder or water-miscible concentrate (99% control), (b) 50 and 200 mg. γ BHC/sq. ft. as a wettable powder or 200 mg. γ BHC/sq. ft. as a water-miscible concentrate (95% control), (c) dieldrin at 25 mg./sq. ft., which gave 97 per cent, control and (d) chlordane at 50 mg./sq. ft., which gave 84 per cent. control.The effect of spray volume on insecticidal effect was investigated by applying 25 mg. and 50 mg. p,p′DDT/sq. ft. in the following spray volumes:—5, 10, 15, 25, 50 and 80 gals./acre. The effect of 50 mg./sq. ft. at each volume was less marked than in the previous work, when only one concentration was used. Weather conditions in the present season were unusual, but there were indications that moderate spray volumes (15 and 25 gals./acre) give the best results at this dosage of insecticide. The combined results for 50 mg./sq. ft. at all volumes gave only 43 per cent, residual control, while those for the lower dosage showed no residual control.The results are discussed with reference to the effect of rainfall on residual control. It is concluded that the volume of spray applied is unimportant provided the droplets of insecticide are closely and evenly distributed on the mossy vegetation that overlies the peat. Subsequent prolonged rain, of the order of 20 inches, is required to attain the most effective distribution of the insecticide, which is at the surface of the peat, where the eggs are laid and the newly hatched larvae will come in contact with the poison.

Discussion for the Calculation of Carbon Content and Heating Temperature in Austenitizing of Cast Iron

2014 ◽  
Vol 1028 ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Bang Gong ◽  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Hua Fang Wang ◽  
Yu Qin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Silicon Content ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, a formula for calculation of carbon content during austenitizing of cast iron was developed with consideration of the effect of silicon content. According to this formula, carbon content of austenite at a certain austenization temperature for a cast iron with given composition can be easily calculated, and the austenization temperature for getting the expected carbon content in the austenite can also be determined. Besides, according to the relationship between austenization temperature Tx and the according carbon content Cax, and considering the effect of silicon content, the diagram of Cax, Tx and silicon content during the austenitizing process of cast iron was made.

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