Iophenoxic acid as a serum marker for red deer (Cervus elaphus scoticus)

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Sweetapple ◽  
G. Nugent

As part of a study investigating the efficacy of toxic foliage baits for controlling red deer in New Zealand, a pen trial was conducted to determine whether red deer could be marked by oral dosing with the serum marker iophenoxic acid. The doses required to mark red deer, retention times, and the relationship between dose and serum concentration of the marker were also investigated. Three groups of three deer were fed baits containing 0.26, 2.32, and 6.10 mg iophenoxic acid per kilogram of bodyweight. Mean serum iodine concentration was significantly greater in deer fed marked baits for at least 40 days after dosing than in deer fed unmarked baits. The level of marking in each group was proportional to the dose, suggesting that iophenoxic acid may be used to quantify the amount of bait consumed by red deer. Iophenoxic acid is, therefore, an effective serum marker for red deer and could be used in short- and medium-term ecological and bait technology development field trials.

Rangifer ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Wiklund ◽  
Timothy R. Manley ◽  
Roger P. Littlejohn

The ultimate pH value of meat (measured at approx. 24 hours post slaughter) gives information about the technological quality, i.e. shelf life, colour, water-holding properties and tenderness and is a direct consequence of muscle glycogen (energy) levels at slaughter. It may therefore also indicate whether or not the animal has been exposed to stressful energy depleting events prior to slaughter. In the present study, 141 animals (130 red deer (Cervus elaphus) and 11 fallow deer (Dama dama) were included to investigate the relationship between ultimate pH and residual glycogen concentration in red deer and fallow deer M. longissimus. In addition, the muscle glycogen content and ultimate pH values in three red deer muscles (Mm. triceps brachii, longissimus and biceps femoris) were studied. M. triceps brachii had higher ultimate pH and lower glycogen content compared with the other two studied muscles. The frequency of intermediate DFD (5.8≤ pH<6.2) was 5.4% in red deer M. longissimus, compared with 9.1% in fallow deer, while the frequency of DFD (pH≥ 6.2) was much lower in red deer (3.8%) than in fallow deer (54.5%). A curvilinear relationship between ultimate pH and total glucose concentration (glycogen and glucose) 30 min post slaughter in red deer and fallow deer M. longissimus was found. The relationship between muscle pH and lactic acid concentration however, was indicated to be linear. A significant variation in total glucose concentration at ultimate pH below 5.80 was observed, including values in the range from 18 to 123 mmol/kg wet tissue. It was concluded that further studies are needed to further explore the relationship between muscle glycogen content and technological and sensory quality attributes of meat from different deer species.Abstract in Swedish / Sammanfattning:Köttets pH-värde (mätt ca 24 timmar efter slakt) har stor betydelse för den teknologiska kvaliteten som t. ex. hållbarhet, färg, vattenhållande förmåga och mörhet. Glykogenförrådet (energinivån) i djurens muskulatur vid slakt är helt avgörande för köttets slutliga pH-värde. Därför kan pH-värdet också indikera om hanteringen av slaktdjur varit skonsam eller om stora mängder muskelenergi har förbrukats vid stress. I vår undersökning ingick 141 hjortar (130 kronhjortar (Cervus elaphus) och 11 dovhjortar (Dama dama) för att studera sambandet mellan köttets pH-värde och glykogeninnehållet i M. longissimus. Glykogeninnehåll och pH-värden i 3 muskler från kronhjort (Mm. triceps brachii, longissimus och biceps femoris) undersöktes också. M. triceps brachii hade högre pH-värde och lägre glykogeninnehåll jämfört med de två andra musklerna. Det var inte så stor skillnad i frekvensen av intermediär DFD (pH-värden mellan 5,8 og 6,2) mellan de två hjortarterna (5,4% för kronhjort och 9,1% för dovhjort), däremot var frekvensen av DFD (pH-värden över 6,2) mycket låg hos kronhjort (3,8%) jämfört med dovhjort (54,5%). Det fanns ett kurvlinjärt samband mellan slutligt pH-värde i köttet och total glukoskoncentration (glykogen + glukos) mätt i M. longissimus 30 min efter slakt för både kron- och dovhjort. Ett linjärt samband mellan pH-värde och koncentration av mjölksyra i M. longissimus kunde också visas. Vi fann en mycket stor varitation i glukoskoncentration (18−123 mmol/kg våtvikt) när köttets pH-värdet var 5,8 eller lägre. Det behövs fler undersökningar för att vidare klargöra sambanden mellan glykogeninnehåll i muskulaturen och teknologisk och sensorisk kvalitet i olika typer av hjortkött.


Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2023
Author(s):  
Farzin Sahebjam ◽  
Kavitha Kongara ◽  
John Paul Chambers ◽  
Ruth Ellen Walker ◽  
Rafea Naffa ◽  
...  

New Zealand deer farming centres on the production of meat and velvet antler. Velvet antler removal is a painful procedure and currently, New Zealand Animal Welfare regulations dictate surgical removal of velvet antlers under lignocaine anaesthesia. To improve our knowledge on the efficacy and duration of other local anaesthetics to mitigate pain after antler removal, it is important to accurately assess and quantify pain arising from antler removal. Therefore, the current study was designed to validate mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) testing using a Wagner hand-held algometer, and to apply this methodology to assess the efficacy and duration of action of articaine for antler removal in deer. Baseline force (N) required to elicit the nociceptive response was recorded in 40 yearling male red deer on three alternate days. Ten of the 40 animals were selected for antler removal after administration of 4% articaine hydrochloride as a ring block. The duration of analgesic efficacy of articaine was assessed by algometry across 5 time points. There was a significant difference in MNTs among the three days (day 3 versus day 1 (p < 0.0001), day 2 versus day 1 (p < 0.0001), and day 1 versus day 2 (p < 0.01)). Positive correlations were observed between weight, antler length and thresholds. The MNT values remained above 20N for 6 h after removal of velvet antlers under the articaine ring block. This study provides valuable information about the use of MNT in red deer. These findings lay a foundation for future studies in the topics of peri-operative and postoperative pain management in deer antler removal, and a possible alternative use for articaine.


1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Cross ◽  
C. G. Mackintosh ◽  
J. F. T. Griffin

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 189-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J.M. Audigé ◽  
P.R. Wilson ◽  
R.S. Morris

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Squires ◽  
PR Wilson ◽  
NC Whelan ◽  
AC Johnstone ◽  
MA Ayanegui-Alcérreca ◽  
...  

1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 239-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Audigé ◽  
Peter R Wilson ◽  
Roger S Morris

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Zomborszky ◽  
T. Zubor ◽  
J. Tóth ◽  
P. Horn

Sperm samples were collected from the epididymides of 11 hunter-killed stags (Cervus elaphus hippelaphus) within 2 to 17 h post mortem in September 1991. Progressively motile spermatozoa were diluted and deep-frozen in tris-yolk extender by a procedure routinely used for bovine semen. The pre-freezing motility of spermatozoa from 6 stags was higher than 80%, while the sperm of 5 animals was found to be unsuitable for dilution. In the post-thawed sperm of six stags 40-50% of the spermatozoa showed progressive motility and the number of viable spermatozoa ranged from 8.6 to 26.7 × 106 per 0.25 ml straw. Two years later, three hinds were superovulated by the use of a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (CIDR type G, Carter, Holt Harvey Plastic Products Group Ltd., Hamilton, New Zealand) for a period of 14 days and with follicle stimulating hormone (Folicotropin inj., Spofa, Prague). Each hind was inseminated artificially 60 h after the withdrawal of CIDR with thawed sperm injected into the uterus via the vagina. Seven days later the uteri were flushed out, as a result of which 3 early blastocysts + 1 ovum, 3 morulae + 4 ova, and 1 morula + 7 ova, respectively, were recovered from the three hinds. Deer embryos were frozen according to a glycerolbased freezing protocol. A further two years later two hinds were oestrussynchronised with CIDR type G and 300 IU PMSG (Folligon inj., Intervet, NL), and two of the thawed embryos were transplanted into two recipient hinds 7 days after heat. One of these gave birth to a normal stag fawn in June 1996. This was the first deer born in Hungary from embryo transfer. The results obtained indicate that sperm from top stags shot in the course of hunting can prove useful for the preservation of genetic material or in the development of the farmed deer system.


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 100419 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Tapia-Escárate ◽  
N. Lopez-Villalobos ◽  
I. Scott ◽  
P.R. Wilson ◽  
S.A. Bisset ◽  
...  

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