scholarly journals Metabolite profiles of maize leaves in drought, heat and combined stress field trials reveal the relationship between metabolism and grain yield

2015 ◽  
pp. pp.01164.2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Obata ◽  
Sandra Witt ◽  
Jan Lisec ◽  
Natalia Palacios-Rojas ◽  
Igor Florez-Sarasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Field ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
The Relationship

IMPROVEMENT OF SPRING DURUM WHEAT SELECTION METHODOLOGIES UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
А. I. Grabovets ◽  
V. P. Kadushkina ◽  
S. А. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Main Method ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

With the growing aridity of the climate on the Don, it became necessary to improve the methodology for conducting the  breeding of spring durum wheat. The main method of obtaining the source material remains intraspecific step hybridization. Crossings were performed between genetically distant forms, differing in origin and required traits and properties. The use of chemical mutagenesis was a productive way to change the heredity of genotypes in terms of drought tolerance. When breeding for productivity, both in dry years of research and in favorable years, the most objective markers were identified — the size of the aerial mass, the mass of grain per plant, spike, and harvest index. The magnitude of the correlation coefficients between the yield per unit area and the elements of its structure is established. It was most closely associated with them in dry years, while in wet years it decreased. Power the correlation of the characteristics of the pair - the grain yield per square meter - the aboveground biomass averaged r = 0.73, and in dry years it was higher (0.91) than in favorable ones (0.61 - 0.70) , between the harvest and the harvest index - r = 0.81 (on average). In dry years, the correlation coefficient increased to 0.92. Research data confirms the greatest importance of the mass of grain from one ear and the plant in the formation of grain yield per unit area in both dry and wet years. In dry years, the correlation coefficient between yield and grain mass per plant was on average r = 0.80; in favorable years, r = 0.69. The relationship between yield and grain mass from the ear was greater — r = 0.84 and r = 0.82, respectively. Consequently, the breeding significance of the aboveground mass and the productivity of the ear, as a criterion for the selection of the crop, especially increases in the dry years. They were basic in the selection.

scholarly journals Optimizing Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency Based on the Relationship between Leaf Area Index and Evapotranspiration

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Zhang ◽  
Bo Ming ◽  
Dongping Shen ◽  
Ruizhi Xie ◽  
Peng Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

Achieving optimal balance between maize yield and water use efficiency is an important challenge for irrigation maize production in arid areas. In this study, we conducted an experiment in Xinjiang China in 2016 and 2017 to quantify the response of maize yield and water use to plant density and irrigation schedules. The treatments included four irrigation levels: 360 (W1), 480 (W2), 600 (W3), and 720 mm (W4), and five plant densities: 7.5 (D1), 9.0 (D2), 10.5 (D3), 12.0 (D4), and 13.5 plants m−2 (D5). The results showed that increasing the plant density and the irrigation level could both significantly increase the leaf area index (LAI). However, LAI expansion significantly increased evapotranspiration (ETa) under irrigation. The combination of irrigation level 600 mm (W3) and plant density 12.0 plants m−2 (D4) produced the highest maize yield (21.0–21.2 t ha−1), ETa (784.1–797.8 mm), and water use efficiency (WUE) (2.64–2.70 kg m−3), with an LAI of 8.5–8.7 at the silking stage. The relationship between LAI and grain yield and evapotranspiration were quantified, and, based on this, the relationship between water use and maize productivity was analyzed. Moreover, the optimal LAI was established to determine the reasonable irrigation level and coordinate the relationship between the increase in grain yield and the decrease in water use efficiency.

scholarly journals Metabolite Profiles of Sugarcane Culm Reveal the Relationship Among Metabolism and Axillary Bud Outgrowth in Genetically Related Sugarcane Commercial Cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo A. Ferreira ◽  
Marina C. M. Martins ◽  
Adriana Cheavegatti-Gianotto ◽  
Monalisa S. Carneiro ◽  
Rodrigo R. Amadeu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Axillary Bud Outgrowth

scholarly journals Improving the precision of genotype selection in wheat performance trials

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovani Benin ◽  
Lindolfo Storck ◽  
Volmir Sérgio Marchioro ◽  
Francisco de Assis Franco ◽  
Ivan Schuster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Adjustment Coefficient ◽  
Experimental Accuracy ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

The aim of this study was to verify whether using the Papadakis method improves model assumptions and experimental accuracy in field trials used to determine grain yield for wheat lineages indifferent Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) regions. Grain yield data from 572 field trials at 31 locations in the VCU Regions 1, 2, 3 and 4 in 2007-2011 were used. Each trial was run with and without the use of the Papadakis method. The Papadakis method improved the indices of experimental precision measures and reduced the number of experimental repetitions required to predict grain yield performance among the wheat genotypes. There were differences among the wheat adaptation regions in terms of the efficiency of the Papadakis method, the adjustment coefficient of the genotype averages and the increases in the selective accuracy of grain yield.

scholarly journals Genotype selection and addition of fertilizer increases grain yield in upland rice in Suriname

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Stephan NASCENTE ◽  
Ruby KROMOCARDI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT The upland rice farmers in Suriname use local varieties and low level technologies in the field. As a result, the upland rice grain yield is low, at about 1 000 kg ha-1. Our objective was to evaluate the use of upland rice cultivars from Suriname and Brazil, and the effect of nitrogen, N, phosphorus, P, and potassium, K, fertilizers on cultivation variables. We undertook four field trials in the Victoria Area, in the Brokopondo District, using a randomized block design each with four replications. The most productive rice varieties were BRS Esmeralda (grain yield 2 903 kg ha-1) and BRS Sertaneja (2 802 kg ha-1). The highest grain yield of 2 620 kg ha-1 was achieved with a top dressing application of 76.41 kg N ha-1 20 days after sowing. For P, the highest grain yield of 3 085 kg ha-1 was achieved with application of 98.06 kg ha-1 P2O5 applied at sowing. An application rate of 31.45 kg ha-1 of K2O at sowing achieved the highest grain yield of 2 952 kg ha-1. Together, these application rates of N, P and K resulted in rice grain yield of about 3 000 kg ha-1, which is three times greater than the national average for upland rice. We demonstrate that the use of improved rice varieties matched to the local conditions, and application of appropriate fertilizers, are management practices that can result in significant increases in rice grain yield in Suriname.

Mid-parent advantage and heterosis in F1 hybrids of wheat from crosses among old and modern varieties

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. MORGAN
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Heterosis ◽  
Modern Varieties

Twenty-eight F1 hybrids of wheat and their parents were grown in field trials at Trumpington, Cambridge during 1986/87 and 1987/88. They were derived from crosses between seven ‘modern’ varieties, used as female parents, and either two ‘old’ (Squareheads Master and Partridge) or two ‘modern’ varieties (Bert and Motto), which were used as male parents. Grain yield, yield components, biomass and height were determined. The male parents were chosen to provide contrasting phenotypes and genetic backgrounds for the F1 hybrids. Mid-parent advantage, the increase of a hybrid for a given character above the mean of its parents, and heterosis, the increase of a hybrid above the ‘better’ parent for that character, were calculated. Most F1 hybrids showed mid-parent advantage for the characters studied. This tended to be greatest for hybrids derived from parents with the largest phenotypic differences in that character. In contrast, where heterosis occurred it tended to be greatest where the phenotypic difference between the parents was least. This suggests that the beneficial effects of hybridization, resulting from the dispersion of dominant genes between the parents, was insufficient to overcome the detrimental effects of other genes present where the ‘less good’ parent was substantially lower than the ‘better’ parent. Hybrids derived from the ‘modern’ male parents had greater heterosis for grain yield and mean grain weight than those from the ‘old’ parents. Of the yield components, positive heterosis for mean grain weight resulted in heavier seeds and was the most important yield component in determining heterosis in grain yield. Heterosis for the number of grains/ear was small or did not differ significantly from zero while number of ears/m2 showed negative heterosis resulting in fewer ears/m2 in the hybrids.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Quality Protein Maize Genotypes for Grain Yield in Mid Hill Districts of Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
Jiban Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Superior Genotypes

The present study pertaining to the identification of high yielding quality protein maize genotypes was conducted under coordinated varietal trials (CVT) at Khumaltar (Lalitpur) and Kabre (Dolakha) from 2011 to 2012 summer season and under coordinated farmers' field trials (CFFT) at Lumle (Kaski), Kimugaun (Dailekh) and Kabre (Dolakha) in 2011 summer season and at Dailekh and Kabre in 2012 summer season. The results of these trials showed that the genotypes namely Obatanpa followed by S99TLWQ-B and S01SIYQ produced the highest grain yield under coordinated varietal trials and genotypes namely S99TLYQ-B followed by S01SIWQ-3 and Poshilo Makai-1 produced the highest grain yield under coordinated farmers' field trials across testing sites and years. It is suggested that the superior genotypes derived from CFFT could be released and then recommended to farmers of mid hills of Nepal.International Journal of Life Sciences 10 (1) : 2016; 7-9

scholarly journals Three-dimensional approach to understanding the relationship between the Plio-Quaternary stress field and tectonic inversion in the Triassic Cuyo Basin, Argentina

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 459-494
Author(s):  
L. Giambiagi ◽  
S. Spagnotto ◽  
S. M. Moreiras ◽  
G. Gómez ◽  
E. Stahlschmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Stress Regime ◽  
Basin Inversion ◽  
Structural Style ◽  
Tectonic Inversion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The Cacheuta sub-basin of the Triassic Cuyo Basin is an example of rift basin inversion contemporaneous to the advance of the Andean thrust front, during the Plio-Quaternary. This basin is one of the most important sedimentary basins in a much larger Triassic NNW-trending depositional system along the southwestern margin of the Pangea supercontinent. The amount and structural style of inversion is provided in this paper by three-dimensional insights into the relationship between inversion of rift-related structures and spatial variations in late Cenozoic stress fields. The Plio-Quaternary stress field exhibits important N–S variations in the foreland area of the Southern Central Andes, between 33 and 34° S, with a southward gradually change from pure compression with σ1 and σ2 being horizontal, to a strike-slip type stress field with σ2 being vertical. We present a 3-D approach for studying the tectonic inversion of the sub-basin master fault associated with strike-slip/reverse to strike-slip faulting stress regimes. We suggest that the inversion of Triassic extensional structures, striking NNW to WNW, occurred during the Plio–Pleistocene in those areas with strike-slip/reverse to strike-slip faulting stress regime, while in the reverse faulting stress regime domain, they remain fossilized. Our example demonstrates the impact of the stress regime on the reactivation pattern along the faults.

Relating Surface Roughness to Subsurface Stress

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Martini ◽  
S. B. Liu ◽  
B. Escoffier ◽  
Q. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stress Field ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Surface Design ◽  
Dry Contact ◽  
Subsurface Stress ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Machined Surfaces

Understanding and anticipating the effects of surface roughness on subsurface stress in the design phase can help ensure that performance and life requirements are satisfied. The specific approach taken in this work to address the goal of improved surface design is to relate surface characteristics of real, machined surfaces to subsurface stress fields for dry contact. This was done by digitizing machined surfaces, simulating point contact numerically, calculating the corresponding subsurface stress field, and then relating stress results back to the surface. The relationship between surface characteristics and subsurface stress is evaluated using several different approaches including analyses of trends identified through stress field visualization and extraction of statistical data. One such approach revealed a sharp transition between cases in which surface characteristics dominated the stress field and those in which bulk, or global contact effects dominated the stress. This transition point was found to be a function of the contact operating conditions, material properties, and most interestingly, the roughness of the surface.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FINAL YIELD AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS AT FLOWERING IN INDIVIDUAL MAIZE PLANTS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. EDMEADES ◽  
T. B. DAYNARD
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Variation ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Black Layer ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
The Relationship

In an attempt to explain plant-to-plant variation in dry weight of maize (Zea mays L.), a computer program was developed to predict daily assimilation per plant and its distribution throughout the shoot at flowering. Inputs to the model were meteorological data, photosynthetic rate-irradiance curves, measurements of intraplant assimilate distribution at flowering, and the positions of individual leaves of plants grown in the field at three densities (50 000, 100 000 and 150 000 plants/ha). Dry weights were recorded on these same plants following black layer formation. Predicted effects of plant density on shoot growth compared favorably with available data. The correlation coefficient between predicted assimilation 1 day after anthesis and grain yield on the same plants, with treatment effects removed, was 0.67 (N = 360). The coefficient of variation of predicted assimilate flux per plant increased significantly with increasing density, and the fluxes were generally normally distributed. Results supported the concept of a threshold assimilation rate per plant below which grain would not normally form, and this appears to be the cause of the bimodal frequency distribution of grain yield per plant observed at high densities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document