Fertility following synchronization of oestrus in the sheep with intravaginal sponges. III. Effects of supplementary oestrogen during treatment, duration of treatment, and number of inseminations

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 793 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Optimum Treatment ◽  
Time Basis ◽  
Treatment Use ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Fixed Times

A factorial test is described, involving 1104 ewes, in which was studied the effects on lambing performance of (a) the inclusion of oestradiol-17G (0, 10, or 50 �g) in Cronolone-impregnated sponges, (b) two doses of Cronolone, (c) treatment for 12 or 16 days, (d) insemination on detection of oestrus or on a fixed time basis, and (e) one or two inseminations. Both dose levels of oestradiol delayed the time of onset of oestrus (P < 0.05) but did not affect its incidence. The higher dose resulted in a 7.4% reduction in the lambing percentage (P < 0.05). Dose of Cronolone (P < 0.01) and duration of insertion of sponges (P < 0.10) affected the time of onset of oestrus but did not affect the percentage of ewes which lambed. Two inseminations half a day apart increased the lambing percentage by 11 .4 %. The optimum treatment - use of sponges impregnated with 30 or 50 mg Cronolone alone (i.e. without oestrogen) followed by two inseminations of all ewes at fixed times relative to withdrawal of sponges - resulted in lambing of 61 .8 % of ewes which received such treatment. It is concluded that this is the best available estimate of the potential of this treatment when used on a large scale.

Fertility following synchronization of oestrus in the sheep with intravaginal sponges. I. Effects of vaginal douche, supplementary steroids, time of insemination, and numbers and dilution of spermatozoa

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Robinson ◽  
NW Moore ◽  
DR Lindsay ◽  
IC Fletcher ◽  
S Salamon
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Time ◽  
Maximum Density ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Minimum Volume ◽  
Vaginal Douche ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Time Basis ◽  
Fixed Times

A number of treatments were used in association with Cronolone (Searl)- impregnated intravaginal spones in ewes which were artificially inseminated. Five factorial tests were conducted, involving 4880 ewes. Supplementary oestrogen (25 � oestradiol benzoate) or androgen (1 mg testosterone) given at the time of withdrawal of sponges after 16 days' insertion was of no benefit. Few extra ewes exhibited oestrus and fertility was lowered. Flushing the vagina with a mild disinfectant at the time of withdrawal of sponges had no advantage. Ewes came into oestrus earlier, but fertility was not improved. Factors in the tests which did affect fertility were: (a) amount of Cronolone absorbed, (b) time of onset in ewes inseminated on detection of oestrus, (c) time of insemination relative to time of withdrawal of the sponge in ewes inseminated on a fixed time basis, and (d) number of spermatozoa used in the inseminate. There also was an interaction between dilution of semen and number of spermatozoa in that high fertility was associated with maximum number and minimum volume (maximum density and number). Insemination once with 600 x l06 spermatozoa in 0.2 ml inseminate at fixed times of 36, 42, or 48 hr after withdrawal of sponges resulted in lambing in 50 % of ewes (60 of 120).

Fertility following synchronization of oestrus in the sheep with intravaginal sponges. II. Effect of dose of progestagen and rate of absorption

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Significant Linear Relationship ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Time Basis ◽  
Dose Levels

The effect on fertility of the amount of Cronolone (Searle) absorbed from intravaginal sponges and the method of artificial insemination was studied. A significant linear relationship exists between fertility and the amount absorbed in 16 days, over the range 1-10 mg. No such relationship can be demonstrated above this amount, and great variability and sensitivity to failure of fertility is shown at all dose levels. Insemination on a fixed time basis is superior to that on teasing. Of ewes inseminated on a time basis on the second or third day after withdrawal of sponges, 117 lambed of 237 treated (49.4%). Of ewes inseminated on detection of oestrus, 97 lambed of 196 in oestrus (49.5 %) of 249 treated (39 .O %).

scholarly journals Duration of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances in adolescents and adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Abbing ◽  
Vasiliki Koretsi ◽  
Theodore Eliades ◽  
Spyridon N. Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Quality Of Evidence ◽  
Fixed Appliances

Abstract Objectives Adults with fixed orthodontic appliances are increasing nowadays. Compared with adolescents, adults present biological differences that might influence treatment duration. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare duration of treatment with fixed appliances between adults and adolescents. Materials and methods Eight databases were searched up to September 2019 for randomized and non-randomized clinical studies comparing treatment duration with fixed appliances in adolescents and adult patients. After duplicate study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment with the Cochrane ROBINS-I tool, random effects meta-analyses of mean differences (MD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed, followed by assessment of the quality of evidence with GRADE. Results A total of 11 unique studies (one prospective and 10 retrospective non-randomized) with 2969 adolescents and 1380 adult patients were finally included. Meta-analysis of 7 studies found no significant difference in the duration of comprehensive treatment with fixed appliances (MD = − 0.8 month; 95% CI = − 4.2 to 2.6 months; P = 0.65; I2 = 92%) between adults and adolescents. Similarly, both distalization of upper first molars with skeletal anchorage for class II correction and the retraction of canines into the premolar extraction spaces lasted similarly long among adults and adolescents. On the other hand, alignment of palatally displaced canines lasted considerably longer in adults compared to adolescents (1 study; MD = 3.8 months; 95% CI = 1.4 to 6.2 months; P = 0.002). The quality of evidence for the meta-analysis was low due to the inclusion of non-randomized studies with considerable risk of bias. Conclusions While existing evidence does not indicate a difference in the overall duration of treatment with fixed appliances between adults and adolescents, the alignment of palatally displaced canines lasted significantly longer in adults. However, our confidence in these estimates is low due to the risk of bias in the included studies. Trial registration PROSPERO: (CRD42019148169)

scholarly journals Antiviral Treatment on Pregnancy with COVID-19 Infection : A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2s) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Tigor Peniel Simanjuntak ◽  
◽  
Angela Putri Kakerissa ◽  
Grady Ivan Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Retrospective Case

Abstract Objective to evaluate antiviral treatment, duration, and side effects on pregnant women based on gestational age and severity of COVID-19 infection. Method: a systematic review of antiviral treatment, duration, and side effects on pregnant women based on gestational age and severity of COVID-19 infection. Systematic review was conducted following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) Statement. Result 948 papers accessed through Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, Cohcrane, and other with keywords “Antiviral”, “Pregnancy” “Pregnant” “Coronavirus” “COVID-19” “SARS-CoV-2”. Duplicate papers were excluded (n=302), topics and abstracts that do not meet the criteria (n=612), and 25 papers that did not meet the inclusion criteria. 9 papers that meet the inclusion criteria (case reports and cohort retrospective case study) discussed 20 pregnant women with COVID-19 infection (16 moderate and severe cases received Remdesivir, 3 moderate and mild cases received Lopinavir-ritonavir combination, and 1 moderate case received Arbidol). Conclusion, remdesivir is an antiviral frequently used in pregnancy on trimester II and III with severe COVID-19 infection with a duration of treatment of 5-10 days. Remdesivir should be monitored because some show side effects of increasing liver function. Key word: Antiviral, Pregnant, COVID-19

scholarly journals Evaluation of subclinical cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer and arterial hypertension in two regimens of anthracycline-containing chemotherapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Avalyan ◽  
E V Oshchepkova ◽  
M A Saidova ◽  
V N Shitov ◽  
E V Glazkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Cumulative Dose ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Group 2

Objective. To study of subclinical cardiotoxicity of two anthracycline-containing chemotherapy regimens in breast cancer patients with normotension and arterial hypertension. Materials and methods. 119 women (mean age 48,8±10,9 years) with triple negative breast cancer were enrolled. They are received one of two chemotherapy options that differed in the intensity and duration of treatment, including the total dose of anthracyclines. Depending on the chemotherapy option, the patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=54) - treatment duration ≤8 weeks, cumulative dose of doxorubicin was 200 mg/m2, group 2 (n=65) - treatment duration ≤16 weeks, the cumulative dose of doxorubicin was 320 mg/m2. Before and after chemotherapy completion of all patients, the level of troponin T (h.s.) and NT-proBNP was determined, and heart ultrasound was performed, 2D and 3D speckle tracking imaging. Results. In patients who received a higher cumulative dose of doxorubicin (group 2), a statistically significant increase in biomarkers of myocardial damage was observed (h.s. troponin T before chemotherapy was 7.8±0.5 pg/ml, after chemotherapy - 55.0±7.0 pg/ml, p

Studies on Tensile and Water Absorption Properties on Kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus) Fibre Mat/Polyester Composite Using Chemical Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 421 ◽  
pp. 290-295
Author(s):  
Mohammad Taib Mohamad Nurul Azman ◽  
Abu Kassim Masitah ◽  
Ariff Jamaludin Mohd ◽  
Ismail Tayibbah
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Absorption Test ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Kenaf Fibre ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Water Absorption Test ◽  
Polyester Composites

This research investigated the tensile and water absorption properties of kenaf fibre mat/polyester composites. Treatment using acetylation method has been introduced to improve the properties of product manufactured. The effects of acetylation treatment with three variations of time that were 1, 4 and 24 hours on the kenaf fibre mats were investigated. The MOE of the tensile of treated fibre mat/polyester composite for 1 hour was the highest with value 4589.61 MPa. The tensile strength of treated fibre mat/polyester composite for 4 hours was the highest with value 0.6213 MPa. For water absorption test, the results showed that fibre mat/polyester composite with treatment duration for 1 hour had the lowest water absorption that was 1.23% compared with treatment duration for 4 hours and 24 hours. For overall it can be concluded that the treatment duration of 1 hour was recommended for acetylation method when compared with 4 hours and 24 hours duration treatments. Using acetylation treatment on the kenaf fibre mat/polyester composites was showed improvement on composite and was recommended in short duration of treatment.

P4794Comparative effectiveness and safety of non-VKA oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients with differential treatment duration: an ARISTOPHANES study analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Deitelzweig ◽  
A Keshishian ◽  
A Kang ◽  
A Dhamane ◽  
X Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Hazard Ratios

Abstract Background The ARISTOPHANES (Anticoagulants for Reduction In STroke: Observational Pooled analysis on Health outcomes ANd Experience of patientS) study showed that non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were associated with lower risks of stroke/systemic embolism (S/SE) and variable comparative risks of major bleeding (MB) versus warfarin. Purpose To assess long-term use of non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACs) vs. warfarin in ARISTOPHANES by evaluating the risk of S/SE and MB among non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients by duration of treatment (<1 and ≥1 year). Methods In the ARISTOPHANES study, NVAF patients initiating apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or warfarin from 01/01/2013–09/30/2015 were identified from the CMS Medicare data and four US commercial claims databases, covering >180 million beneficiaries annually (∼56% of US population). After 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) in each database between NOACs and warfarin (apixaban-warfarin, dabigatran-warfarin, and rivaroxaban-warfarin), the resulting patient records were pooled. Treatment duration was defined as time between the day after the treatment index date and discontinuation (30 days after a 30-day gap in the prescription), treatment switch, death, end of study period, or end of continuous medical and pharmacy enrollment, whichever occurred first. Matched patients with observed treatment duration <1 or ≥1 year were separately examined. Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios of S/SE and MB (identified by inpatient claims) during observed treatment duration. Results The mean treatment duration for patients with shorter (<1 year) vs longer (≥1 year) duration was 4–5 months vs 18–21 months across the three matched cohorts. All the matched baseline variables remained balanced. The incidence rates of S/SE and MB and the proportion of patients with treatment discontinuation were higher in patients with shorter treatment duration. Regardless of treatment duration, apixaban patients had a lower risk of S/SE and MB versus warfarin; dabigatran patients had a lower risk of MB versus warfarin; and rivaroxaban patients had a lower risk of S/SE versus warfarin. Compared to warfarin patients, dabigatran patients with treatment duration <1 year had a similar risk of S/SE, while those with treatment duration ≥1 year had lower S/SE risk; rivaroxaban patients with treatment duration <1 year had a higher risk of MB, while those with treatment duration ≥1 year had similar MB risk. Conclusions Among NVAF patients with duration of treatment <1 and ≥1 year in the ARISTOPHANES study, apixaban and rivaroxaban were associated with lower risk of S/SE, while apixaban and dabigatran were associated with lower risk of MB, compared to warfarin. These findings indicate varying long-term effectiveness and safety outcomes between NOACs and warfarin. Acknowledgement/Funding This study was funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb and Pfizer Inc.

scholarly journals Self-Adjusting Variable Neighborhood Search Algorithm for Near-Optimal k-Means Clustering

Computation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Lev Kazakovtsev ◽  
Ivan Rozhnov ◽  
Aleksey Popov ◽  
Elena Tovbis
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Variable Neighborhood Search ◽  
Graphics Processing Unit ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Exact Algorithms ◽  
Neighborhood Search ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Online Computation

The k-means problem is one of the most popular models in cluster analysis that minimizes the sum of the squared distances from clustered objects to the sought cluster centers (centroids). The simplicity of its algorithmic implementation encourages researchers to apply it in a variety of engineering and scientific branches. Nevertheless, the problem is proven to be NP-hard which makes exact algorithms inapplicable for large scale problems, and the simplest and most popular algorithms result in very poor values of the squared distances sum. If a problem must be solved within a limited time with the maximum accuracy, which would be difficult to improve using known methods without increasing computational costs, the variable neighborhood search (VNS) algorithms, which search in randomized neighborhoods formed by the application of greedy agglomerative procedures, are competitive. In this article, we investigate the influence of the most important parameter of such neighborhoods on the computational efficiency and propose a new VNS-based algorithm (solver), implemented on the graphics processing unit (GPU), which adjusts this parameter. Benchmarking on data sets composed of up to millions of objects demonstrates the advantage of the new algorithm in comparison with known local search algorithms, within a fixed time, allowing for online computation.

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