Fertility following synchronization of oestrus in the sheep with intravaginal sponges. I. Effects of vaginal douche, supplementary steroids, time of insemination, and numbers and dilution of spermatozoa

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Robinson ◽  
NW Moore ◽  
DR Lindsay ◽  
IC Fletcher ◽  
S Salamon
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Time ◽  
Maximum Density ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Minimum Volume ◽  
Vaginal Douche ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Time Basis ◽  
Fixed Times

A number of treatments were used in association with Cronolone (Searl)- impregnated intravaginal spones in ewes which were artificially inseminated. Five factorial tests were conducted, involving 4880 ewes. Supplementary oestrogen (25 � oestradiol benzoate) or androgen (1 mg testosterone) given at the time of withdrawal of sponges after 16 days' insertion was of no benefit. Few extra ewes exhibited oestrus and fertility was lowered. Flushing the vagina with a mild disinfectant at the time of withdrawal of sponges had no advantage. Ewes came into oestrus earlier, but fertility was not improved. Factors in the tests which did affect fertility were: (a) amount of Cronolone absorbed, (b) time of onset in ewes inseminated on detection of oestrus, (c) time of insemination relative to time of withdrawal of the sponge in ewes inseminated on a fixed time basis, and (d) number of spermatozoa used in the inseminate. There also was an interaction between dilution of semen and number of spermatozoa in that high fertility was associated with maximum number and minimum volume (maximum density and number). Insemination once with 600 x l06 spermatozoa in 0.2 ml inseminate at fixed times of 36, 42, or 48 hr after withdrawal of sponges resulted in lambing in 50 % of ewes (60 of 120).

Fertility following synchronization of oestrus in the sheep with intravaginal sponges. III. Effects of supplementary oestrogen during treatment, duration of treatment, and number of inseminations

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 793 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Optimum Treatment ◽  
Time Basis ◽  
Treatment Use ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Fixed Times

A factorial test is described, involving 1104 ewes, in which was studied the effects on lambing performance of (a) the inclusion of oestradiol-17G (0, 10, or 50 �g) in Cronolone-impregnated sponges, (b) two doses of Cronolone, (c) treatment for 12 or 16 days, (d) insemination on detection of oestrus or on a fixed time basis, and (e) one or two inseminations. Both dose levels of oestradiol delayed the time of onset of oestrus (P < 0.05) but did not affect its incidence. The higher dose resulted in a 7.4% reduction in the lambing percentage (P < 0.05). Dose of Cronolone (P < 0.01) and duration of insertion of sponges (P < 0.10) affected the time of onset of oestrus but did not affect the percentage of ewes which lambed. Two inseminations half a day apart increased the lambing percentage by 11 .4 %. The optimum treatment - use of sponges impregnated with 30 or 50 mg Cronolone alone (i.e. without oestrogen) followed by two inseminations of all ewes at fixed times relative to withdrawal of sponges - resulted in lambing of 61 .8 % of ewes which received such treatment. It is concluded that this is the best available estimate of the potential of this treatment when used on a large scale.

Efficiency of mating, artificial insemination or resynchronisation at different times after first timed artificial insemination in postpartum Nellore cows to produce crossbred calves

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walvonvitis Baes Rodrigues ◽  
Jean do Prado Jara ◽  
Juliana Correa Borges ◽  
Luiz Orcirio Fialho de Oliveira ◽  
Urbano Pinto Gomes de Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Device Removal ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin

The objective of this trial was to evaluate different post-timed artificial insemination (TAI) reproductive managements in postpartum beef cows to produce crossbred calves from artificial insemination (AI). Nellore cows (n = 607), with 45 days postpartum, were inseminated at a fixed time, using a protocol that included an intravaginal progesterone-releasing device along with oestradiol benzoate, prostaglandin, equine chorionic gonadotropin, and oestradiol cypionate, followed TAI 48 h post-device removal. Four post-TAI treatments were evaluated: in CONTROL (T1, n = 161), cows were exposed to Nellore clean-up bulls until the end of the breeding season (75 days). In OBSERVATION (T2, n = 132), heat detection was performed for 15–25 days post-TAI, followed by AI. In RESYNC22 (T3, n = 157) and RESYNC30 (T4, n = 157), resynchronisation started after 22 or 30 days, following second TAI at Day 32 or 40 days after first TAI. In T2, T3 and T4, after the second AI, cows were exposed to Nellore clean-up bulls until the end of the breeding season (75 days). The pregnancy rate (PR) for the first TAI did not differ (54.6%, 53.0%, 59.2%, and 51.6% for CONTROL, OBSERVATION, RESYNC 22, and RESYNC 30, respectively; P = 0.66), and no difference was observed for the second TAI (RESYNC 22 = 45.31% and RESYNC30 = 46.05%; P = 0.137), in the PR at the end of the breeding season (86.33%, 86.36%, 78.98%, and 81.52%, P = 0.43), or embryonic losses (4.54%, 2.85%, 6.45% and 7.40%, respectively; P = 0.61), but the percentage of crossbred pregnancy was higher in groups with resynchronisation (RESYNC22 and RESYNC30) than CONTROL and OBSERVATION (98.38%, 90.62%, 63.30%, 78.95%, P &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, resynchronisation programs of 22 or 30 days are more efficient to produce AI products, and the final pregnancy rate is similar among the treatments, differing only in the amount of calves produced by AI.

Fertility following synchronization of oestrus in the sheep with intravaginal sponges. II. Effect of dose of progestagen and rate of absorption

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Significant Linear Relationship ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Time Basis ◽  
Dose Levels

The effect on fertility of the amount of Cronolone (Searle) absorbed from intravaginal sponges and the method of artificial insemination was studied. A significant linear relationship exists between fertility and the amount absorbed in 16 days, over the range 1-10 mg. No such relationship can be demonstrated above this amount, and great variability and sensitivity to failure of fertility is shown at all dose levels. Insemination on a fixed time basis is superior to that on teasing. Of ewes inseminated on a time basis on the second or third day after withdrawal of sponges, 117 lambed of 237 treated (49.4%). Of ewes inseminated on detection of oestrus, 97 lambed of 196 in oestrus (49.5 %) of 249 treated (39 .O %).

7 INFLUENCE OF ESTRUS EXPRESSION AND TREATMENT WITH GnRH ON PREGNANCY RATES IN BEEF CATTLE SYNCHRONIZED WITH PROGESTERONE DEVICES AND ESTRADIOL AND INSEMINATED AT A FIXED-TIME

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Bó ◽  
A. Cedeño ◽  
A. Tribulo ◽  
S. Andrada ◽  
R. Tribulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Device Removal ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
To Receive

We have previously shown that expression of oestrus significantly influences the time of ovulation and pregnancy rates to timed-AI (P/TAI) in beef cattle synchronized with progesterone devices and oestradiol (Bó et al. 2016 Theriogenology 86, 388–396). Furthermore, delaying TAI from 48 h to 54–58 h after device removal improved P/TAI of those animals not showing oestrus by 48 h. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the administration of GnRH to those animals not showing oestrus by 48 h after device removal had an impact on P/TAI. Non-lactating and suckled beef cows and heifers (Bonsmara, Brangus, and Braford; n = 868), with a corpus luteum (CL) or a follicle ≥8 mm in diameter detected by ultrasonography (Mindray DP 30 Vet, 7.5 MHz, China) and body condition score 2 to 4 (1 to 5 scale) were synchronized in 3 replicates. On Day 0, animals received a progesterone device (DIB 0.5 g, Zoetis, Argentina) and 2 mg of oestradiol benzoate (Von Franken, Argentina). On Day 8, DIB were removed and cows received 0.150 mg of D+cloprostenol (Río de Janeiro, Argentina) plus 0.5 mg oestradiol cypionate (Cipiosyn, Zoetis). In addition, all cows were tail-painted on the sacrococcygeal area (CeloTest, Biotay, Argentina) at DIB removal and were observed to determine the expression of oestrus, according to the percentage of paint loss (PL) 48 h later. The animals that showed oestrus (PL > 30%) were recorded and TAI at that time while those with PL ≤ 30% (not in oestrus) were randomly allocated to receive 100 μg of gonadorelin (GnRH; Gonasyn, Zoetis) or no treatment and TAI between 54 to 58 h after DIB removal. Pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography at 45 days after TAI, and data were analysed by logistic regression. There were no significant differences among replicates, inseminators, semen source or animal class (dry cows, suckled cows or heifers; P > 0.11). However, animals showing oestrus by 48 h after DIB removal had higher P/TAI (371/666; 55.7; P < 0.04) than those that did not show oestrus (96/202; 47.5%). Within animals not showing oestrus at 48 h, those that were in oestrus by the TAI at 54 to 58 h had higher P/TAI (71/124, 57.3%; P < 0.01) than those that did not show oestrus within that period (27/78; 34.6%). In addition, P/TAI was higher (P < 0.01) in animals that received GnRH (66/113; 58.4%) than in those that did not receive GnRH (30/89; 33.7%). In conclusion, the expression of oestrus significantly affected P/TAI in beef cattle synchronized with progesterone devices and oestradiol. Furthermore, treatment of animals not showing oestrus by 48 h after DIB removal with GnRH resulted in improved P/TAI performed 6 to 10 h later.

The effect of oestradiol benzoate (ODB) or a synthetic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) used at the start of a progesterone treatment on onset and synchrony of oestrus in cattle

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-478
Author(s):  
E.A. Lane ◽  
E.J. Austin ◽  
M.A. Crowe ◽  
J.F. Roche
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Progesterone Treatment ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Vaginal Device

AbstractFixed time insemination requires both the functional life span of the corpus luteum to be regulated and follicle wave status to be synchronised in all animals, irrespective of the stage of oestrous cycle or follicle wave. The objective of this experiment was to compare the oestrous response in heifers given either GnRH or ODB at the start of a progesterone treatment. Treatments were initiated at emergence or dominance of the first follicle wave (days 2 and 5 of the oestrous cycle, respectively) or at emergence or dominance of the second follicle wave (days 10 and 13, respectively). The second objective was to compare the oestrous response in heifers given a luteolytic agent one day before the end of a progesterone treatment of 8 days duration with ODB at the start of treatment compared with a progesterone treatment of 10 days duration with ODB at the start of treatment and without using a luteolytic agent. Charolais cross-bred beef heifers (n=134) were randomly assigned to one of 3 treatments; 0.75 mg ODB given at insertion of a progesterone releasing intra-vaginal device (PRID) treatment of 10 days duration (10dE2), 0.75 mg ODB at insertion of a PPJD treatment of 8 days duration with 15mg luprostiol given one day before PRID removal (8dE2) or 250 fig GnRH at insertion of a PRID treatment of 8 days duration with 15 mg luprostiol given one day before PRID removal (8dGnRH), initiated on days 2, 5, 10 or 13 of the oestrous cycle. Oestrous detection was carried out six times daily from 24 hours after PRID removal. The proportion of heifers detected in oestrus was higher (P<0.05) for heifers in the 8dE2 treatment (40/40) compared with heifers in the GnRH treatment (38/42) and tended to be higher (P=0.08) compared with heifers in the 10dE2 treatment (38/41). The day of cycle on which treatment was initiated did not affect (P>0.05) the proportion of heifers that were detected in oestrus. The median onset of oestrus was earlier (P<0.05) for heifers in the 10dE2 treatment group (median 41 h, range 92 h) compared with either the 8dE2 (median 49 h, range 64 h) or 8dGnRH heifers (median 49 h, range 92 h). The variation in onset of oestrus tended to be decreased (P=0.075) in 8dE2 heifers compared with the 10dE2 heifers but was not different (P>0.05) to heifers in the 8dGnRH treatment group. In conclusion, 0.75 mg ODB given at insertion of a progesterone treatment of 8 days duration with 15 mg luprostiol given one day before progesterone removal increased the proportion of heifers detected in oestrus compared with heifers given 250 μg GnRH at the start of treatment. There was no difference in the efficacy of ODB or GnRH given at insertion of a progesterone treatment of 8 days duration to synchronise oestrus in beef heifers. The use of a luteolytic agent given one day before removal of a progesterone treatment of 8 days duration was more effective to synchronise oestrus than a progesterone treatment of 10 days duration without the use of a luteolytic agent.

173 Pregnancy rates in suckled beef cows synchronised with progesterone/oestradiol-based protocol and inseminated with conventional or sexed-sorted semen

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
E. Huguenine ◽  
J. de la Mata ◽  
A. Menchaca ◽  
R. L. R. de Carneiro ◽  
G. A. Bo
Keyword(s):  
Binary Data ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Device Removal ◽  
Total N ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Condition Score

An experiment was designed to evaluate pregnancy rates per AI (P/AI) in suckled beef cows synchronised with a progesterone (P4)/oestradiol-based protocol and AI with non-sexed (conventional) semen and with a sexed-sorted semen with 65% X-bearing sperm and 35% Y-bearing sperm that was named SuperConventionalTM. Angus and Hereford suckled cows (n=558), 60-90 days postpartum, with a body condition score of 2 to 3.5 (1-to-5 scale) and 48% (269/558) with a corpus luteum, were randomly allocated to be AI with non-sexed (conventional) or SuperConventional semen. The experiment was performed on 3 farms using straws with sexed-sorted SuperConventional semen containing 6 or 8 million sperm and non-sorted conventional semen with 25 million sperm per straw. Semen was from split ejaculates from two Angus bulls. All cows received a P4 device with 0.6g of P4 (Pluselar, Calier) and 2mg of oestradiol benzoate (Calier) on Day 0. All P4 devices were removed on Day 8, and all cows received 400IU of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (Vetegon, Calier), 150µg of d+cloprostenol (Veteglan, Calier), and 1mg of oestradiol cipionate (Calier) at the same time. All cows were also tail-painted and observed for signs of oestrus. Cows with &gt;30% of the tail paint rubbed off by 48-50h after P4 device removal were AI at that time with either SuperConventional or conventional semen. Those not showing oestrus by 48-50h received 10µg of buserelin (Pluserelina, Calier) at that time and were AI with either SuperConventional or conventional semen 50-52h after P4 device removal. Pregnancy was diagnosed using ultrasonography 60 days after AI, and all pregnancies were sexed to determine the proportion of female pregnancies. Data were analysed using GLM for binary data. The P/AI were different between cows showing or not showing oestrus (P&lt;0.01) but did not differ among the three types of semen used (Table 1). The percentage of cows pregnant with female fetuses was 51% (50/98) for cows AI with conventional semen and 65.5% (55/84) and 65.3% (51/78) for those AI with SuperConventional semen with 8 million or 6 million sperm per straw, respectively. In conclusion, sexed-sorted semen with 65% of X-bearing sperm and 6 or 8 million sperm per straw can be successfully used to inseminate suckled beef cows. Furthermore, results confirm those of previous studies that cows in oestrus at the time of fixed-time AI have higher pregnancy rates than cows not in oestrus in P4/oestradiol-based synchronisation programmes. Table 1.Effect of semen type and oestrus expression on pregnancy rates per AI in suckled beef cows synchronised with a progesterone/oestradiol-based protocol Semen type In oestrus,% (n) Not in oestrus,% (n) Total,% (n) Conventional (25 million sperm) 59.8 (82/137)a 32.0 (16/50)b 52.4 (98/187) SuperConventional (8 million sperm) 53.7 (73/136)a 20.0 (10/50)b 44.6 (83/186) SuperConventional (6 million sperm) 50.4 (63/125)a 26.7 (16/60)b 42.7 (79/185) Total 54.8 (218/398)a 26.3 (42/160)b a,bDifferent superscripts denote differences in pregnancy rates per AI between cows in oestrus and not in oestrus by the time of fixed-time AI (P&lt;0.01). Research was supported by Fondo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (FONCYT PICT 2017-4550) and UNVM.

101 DOSE AND TIMING OF ADMINISTRATION OF PROSTAGLANDIN F2α DURING FIXED-TIME EMBRYO TRANSFER IN AN IN VITRO-PRODUCTION PROGRAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
R. V. Sala ◽  
A. Garcia-Guerra ◽  
L. C. Carrenho-Sala ◽  
M. Fosado ◽  
E. Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Full Dose ◽  
Half Dose ◽  
Utilisation Rate

Synchronization protocols for fixed-time embryo transfer (ET) contribute significantly to the overall cost of an in vitro-produced-ET program, primarily through the cost of drugs and the labour required. Optimization of synchronization protocols to reduce cost, while providing high fertility, have the potential to improve overall efficiency and profitability. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of dose and schedule of administration of prostaglandin F2α (PGF) during a synchronization protocol for fixed-time ET. Holstein and cross-bred Holstein heifers (n = 3766) were synchronized using a modified 5-day CIDR Synch as follows: Day 0: CIDR inserted; Day 5: CIDR removed, PGF2α treatment; Day 8: gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 100 μg of gonadorelin). On Day 5, at the time of CIDR removal, heifers were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design to receive either a full or half dose of PGF (Cloprostenol; 500 v. 250 μg) and 1 (Day 5) or 2 (Day 6) administrations resulting in the following treatments: full dose Day 5 + Day 6 (n = 938); full dose Day 5 (n = 938); half dose Day 5 + Day 6 (n = 946); and half dose Day 5 (n = 944). Heifers were evaluated by ultrasonography 5 days after GnRH to determine presence and size of the corpus luteum. Heifers with a corpus luteum received a fresh in vitro-produced embryo 7 ± 1 days after GnRH administration, and pregnancy was determined by ultrasonography 32 and 60 days after GnRH. Fertility data were analysed by logistic regression and included the fixed effects of dose, time, and their interaction. Fertility results are shown in Table 1. Utilisation rate (transferred/treated) was not affected by dose (P = 0.66), time (P = 0.19), or their interaction (P = 0.17). The percentage of heifers detected in oestrus was not affected by dose (P = 0.13), time (P = 0.72), or their interaction (P = 0.89). There were no significant differences between doses of PGF (P = 0.32), time (P = 0.71), or their interaction (P = 0.80) on pregnancies per ET on Day 32. Similarly, no differences were found on pregnancies per ET on Day 60 between doses (P = 0.35), time (P = 0.96), or their interaction (P = 0.89). In addition, pregnancy loss between Day 32 and 60 was not affected by dose (P = 0.76), time (P = 0.66), or their interaction (P = 0.54). In conclusion, the use of a half dose of PGF once on Day 5 resulted in comparable utilisation rate and fertility as the observed with 2 full dose applications 24 h apart. As a result, the overall cost of the fixed-time ET program can be reduced by eliminating the need for a second PGF treatment and by decreasing the dose without compromising fertility. Table 1. Utilisation rate, oestrus expression, pregnancies per ET (P/ET), and pregnancy loss in recipients receiving either a full or half dose of prostaglandin F2α on Days (D) 5 and 6 or once on D 5

Development and application of modern breeding technologies to the horse

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 83-84
Author(s):  
W R Allen
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
The Past ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
Modern Breeding ◽  
Ultrasound Scanner

The application of modern breeding technologies to the practical breeding of horses has accelerated worldwide over the past two decades in all breeds and types of horses except the Thoroughbred. Artificial insemination (AI) with fresh extended semen is used routinely on most stud farms with considerable improvements in efficiency, fertility, disease control and management costs. The ability of cooled semen to retain high fertility for 24-48 hours enables its widescale shipment within and between countries by modern transport methods. Even the use of deep frozen semen is increasing rapidly, in conjunction with a single fixed–time insemination in relation to gonadotrophininduced ovulation. The wide scale use of the ultrasound scanner to monitor follicular development and ovulation has markedly improved diagnosis of the optimum insemination time, with consequent improvements in conception rates. However, repeated scanning examinations at intervals of only 4-6 hours in order to carry out insemination of frozen-thawed semen after, rather than before, ovulation is illogical and inefficient.

Control of oestrus and ovulation in beef cattle in central Australia

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Munro ◽  
J Bertram
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Gelatin Capsule ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Central Australia ◽  
Calving Rate ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin ◽  
Hormonal Treatments

Hormonal treatments were used to control the time of oestrus and ovulation in cattle in central Australia and to observe the efficacy of several luteolytic regimes under these conditions. All animals received intravaginal progesterone (PRID) for 7-14 days with 10 mg oestradiol benzoate (ODB) in a gelatin capsule attached to each PRID and 750 i.u. pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) by intramuscular injection 24 h before PRID removal. In addition half the animals received 25 mg dinoprost (PGF2�) at either 0 or 24 h before PRID removal. Differences in luteolytic treatments had no significant effects on calving rates to a single fixed-time insemination of acyclic animals (52%) or cyclic animals treated with PRID for 14 days (48%). In contrast the calving rate of cyclic animals treated with PRID for 7 days was depressed in all groups except that which received PGF2, 24 h before PRID removal (18 v. 56%, P<0.025). Independent of treatment effects lactating cows had a higher calving rate than non-lacting animals (50 v. 35%, 0.05 <P<0.10). These results indicate the importance of using effective luteolytic treatments in cyclic animals where short PRID treatments are used. The most appropriate regimes for use in extensive environments would appear to be based on a 14-day PRID treatment which eliminates the need for an injection of PGF2� before PRID removal while still producing acceptable fertility.

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