Studies of zinc nutrition in sheep. I. The relation of zinc to growth, testicular development, and spermatogenesis in young rams

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 889 ◽  
Author(s):  
EJ Underwood ◽  
M Somers
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Testicular Growth ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
And Function

Ram lambs fed on a diet containing 2.4 p.p.m. zinc made poor growth, developed clinical signs of severe zinc deficiency, showed impaired testicular growth, and showed a complete cessation of spermatogenesis within a period of 20–24 weeks. Lambs fed on the same diet supplemented with zinc sulphate to provide total zinc levels of 17.4 and 32.4 p.p.m. had a higher feed intake, made significantly greater liveweight gains, and showed no signs of zinc deficiency. Testicular growth and sperm production were markedly improved by both the zinc supplements. No differences in liveweight gains or feed consumption between the two supplemented groups were observed but testicular growth and sperm production were highly significantly greater in the lambs receiving the larger zinc supplement. It was concluded that a dietary zinc intake of 17.4 p.p.m. is adequate for growth of ram lambs but is inadequate for normal testicular development and function. Lambs in which consumption of the diet containing 32.4 p.p.m. zinc was restricted to that of the zinc-deficient group showed no significant improvement in liveweight gains, but testicular development and sperm production were significantly greater than in the zinc-deficient lambs. Complete remission of all signs of zinc deficiency and full recovery of testicular size, structure, and function were achieved in a zinc repletion period lasting 20 weeks.

Study of The Experimentally Zinc Deficiency in Iraqi Local Breed Goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Mahmood Raad Al-Zubaedi
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

The current study was conducted to study experimentaly induced zinc deficiency and its consequnces hematology  in Iraqi goats. A twenty five goats, 5-6 months old were involved in this study. The study extended from November 2018 continued for 10 weeks in the farm of College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Diyala. The animals were fed a  high calcium content ration (400-500 gm/head/day) in addition to hay and water with ad libitum during the study. The main clinical signs were retardation in hair growth, especially of legs and head, swollen joint, poor growth, rough hair coat, loss of hair on head, limbs, and scrotum,  cracking of the hooves. The skin rough, thickened, cracked, alopecia, crusting, and hyperkeratosis also paleness of the mucous membranes of the eye, loss of appetite, itching, and emaciation. Body weight, heart rates, and body temperature were not significantly changed, respiratory rates significantly decreased in 3rd and 6th weeks in comparison with 1st week. The results of total red blood cells counts revealed significantly decreased in the  2nd week compared with 1st week, then increased in the 4th, 6th and 8th weeks in comparison with1st week. Hemoglobin concentration significantly increased at the 2nd, 4th and 6th weeks in comparison with the  1st week. Packed cell volume increased at the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks compared with 1st week. Serum zinc was significantly decreased from the 2nd week till the end of the experiment.Significant decrease in lymphocytes was detected at the 4th week compered with 1, 2, 6 and 8 weeks. Eosinophil  was also significantly decreased in the 2nd and 6th weeks compared with 1st week, and increased 4th week and 8week compared with 2nd ,6th respectively.It is concluded from this study that zinc deficiency clearly affects the overall health status and may eventually lead to economic losses in local goats.

Studies of zinc nutrition in sheep. II*. The influence of zinc deficiency in ram lambs upon the digestibility of the dry matter and the utilization of the nitrogen and sulphur of the diet

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 899 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Somers ◽  
EJ Underwood
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Zinc Deficient Diet

Dry matter digestibilities and nitrogen and sulphur balances were compared in ram iambs fed on a zinc-deficient diet containing 2.4 p.p.m. zinc and showing clinical signs of zinc deficiency and in pair-fed ram lambs consuming the same basal diet supplemented with 30 p.p.m. zinc. Dry matter digestibility was similar for the two treatments but both nitrogen retention and sulphur retention were significantly lower in the zinc-deficient animals, although they were consuming and digesting the same amounts of food. Faecal excretion of nitrogen and sulphur was similar in the two groups but the urinary excretion of both these elements was significantly elevated in the zinc-deficient animals. These findings provide further evidence that protein utilization is impaired in zinc deficiency in sheep. *Part I, Aust. J. agric. Res., 1969, 20, 889.

scholarly journals Characterization of the G protein-coupled receptor family SREB across fish evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy S. Breton ◽  
William G. B. Sampson ◽  
Benjamin Clifford ◽  
Anyssa M. Phaneuf ◽  
Ilze Smidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Orphan Receptor ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Brain Expression ◽  
And Function ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Receptor Family

AbstractThe SREB (Super-conserved Receptors Expressed in Brain) family of G protein-coupled receptors is highly conserved across vertebrates and consists of three members: SREB1 (orphan receptor GPR27), SREB2 (GPR85), and SREB3 (GPR173). Ligands for these receptors are largely unknown or only recently identified, and functions for all three are still beginning to be understood, including roles in glucose homeostasis, neurogenesis, and hypothalamic control of reproduction. In addition to the brain, all three are expressed in gonads, but relatively few studies have focused on this, especially in non-mammalian models or in an integrated approach across the entire receptor family. The purpose of this study was to more fully characterize sreb genes in fish, using comparative genomics and gonadal expression analyses in five diverse ray-finned (Actinopterygii) species across evolution. Several unique characteristics were identified in fish, including: (1) a novel, fourth euteleost-specific gene (sreb3b or gpr173b) that likely emerged from a copy of sreb3 in a separate event after the teleost whole genome duplication, (2) sreb3a gene loss in Order Cyprinodontiformes, and (3) expression differences between a gar species and teleosts. Overall, gonadal patterns suggested an important role for all sreb genes in teleost testicular development, while gar were characterized by greater ovarian expression that may reflect similar roles to mammals. The novel sreb3b gene was also characterized by several unique features, including divergent but highly conserved amino acid positions, and elevated brain expression in puffer (Dichotomyctere nigroviridis) that more closely matched sreb2, not sreb3a. These results demonstrate that SREBs may differ among vertebrates in genomic structure and function, and more research is needed to better understand these roles in fish.

scholarly journals TCF21+ mesenchymal cells contribute to testis somatic cell development, homeostasis, and regeneration in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-chi Shen ◽  
Adrienne Niederriter Shami ◽  
Lindsay Moritz ◽  
Hailey Larose ◽  
Gabriel L. Manske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Myoid Cells ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Adult Testis ◽  
Mesenchymal Progenitors ◽  
And Function ◽  
Potential Reserve ◽  
Resident Fibroblast

AbstractTesticular development and function rely on interactions between somatic cells and the germline, but similar to other organs, regenerative capacity declines in aging and disease. Whether the adult testis maintains a reserve progenitor population remains uncertain. Here, we characterize a recently identified mouse testis interstitial population expressing the transcription factor Tcf21. We found that TCF21lin cells are bipotential somatic progenitors present in fetal testis and ovary, maintain adult testis homeostasis during aging, and act as potential reserve somatic progenitors following injury. In vitro, TCF21lin cells are multipotent mesenchymal progenitors which form multiple somatic lineages including Leydig and myoid cells. Additionally, TCF21+ cells resemble resident fibroblast populations reported in other organs having roles in tissue homeostasis, fibrosis, and regeneration. Our findings reveal that the testis, like other organs, maintains multipotent mesenchymal progenitors that can be potentially leveraged in development of future therapies for hypoandrogenism and/or infertility.

scholarly journals Number and function of Sertoli cells, number and yield of spermatogonia, and daily sperm production in three breeds of boar

Reproduction ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. E. Okwun ◽  
G. Igboeli ◽  
J. J. Ford ◽  
D. D. Lunstra ◽  
L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
And Function ◽  
Daily Sperm Production

Oral (Drinking Water) Two-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study of Bromodichloromethane (BDCM) in Rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Christian ◽  
R. G. York ◽  
A. M. Hoberman ◽  
L. C. Fisher ◽  
W. Ray Brown
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Adult Exposure

Bromodichloromethane (BDCM) was tested for reproductive toxicity in a two-generation study in CRL SD rats. Thirty rats/sex/group/generation were continuously provided BDCM in drinking water at 0 (control carrier, reverse osmosis membrane-processed water), 50, 150, and 450 ppm (0,4.1 to 12.6, 11.6 to 40.2, and 29.5 to 109.0 mg/kg/day, respectively). Adult human intake approximates 0.8 μg/kg/day (0.0008 mg/kg/day). P and F1 rats were observed for general toxicity (viability, clinical signs, water and feed consumption, body weights, organ weights [also three weanling F1 and F2 pups/sex/litter], histopathology [10/sex, 0-and 450-ppm exposure groups]) and reproduction (mating, fertility, abortions, premature deliveries, durations of gestation, litter sizes, sex ratios, viabilities, maternal behaviors, reproductive organ weights [also three weanling F1 and F2 pups/sex/litter], sperm parameters, and implantations. F1 rats were evaluated for age at vaginal patency or preputial separation. Ten P and F1 rats/sex from the 0-and 450-ppm exposure groups and rats at 50 and 150 ppm with reduced fertility were evaluated for histopathology (gross lesions, testes, intact epididymis, all F1 dams for number of primordial follicles). Developmental parameters in offspring included implantation and pup numbers, sexes, viabilities, body weights, gross external alterations, and reproductive parameters (F1 adults). Toxicologically important, statistically significant effects at 150 and/or 450 ppm included mortality and clinical signs associated with reduced absolute and relative water consumption, reduced body weights and weight gains, and reduced absolute and relative feed consumption (P and F1 rats). Significantly reduced body weights at 150 and 450 ppm were associated with reduced organ weights and increased organ weight ratios (% body and/or brain weight). Histopathology did not identify abnormalities. Small delays in sexual maturation (preputial separation, vaginal patency) and more F1 rats with prolonged diestrus were also attributable to severely reduced pup body weights. Mating, fertility, sperm parameters, and primordial ovarian follicular counts were unaffected. The no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and the reproductive and developmental NOAELs for BDCM were at least 50 ppm (4.1 to 12.6 mg/kg/day), 5125 to 15,750 times the human adult exposure level, if delayed sexual maturational associated with severely reduced body weights is considered reproductive toxicity. If considered general toxicity, reproductive and developmental NOAELs for BDCM are greater than 450 ppm (29.5 to 109.0 mg/kg/day), or 36,875 to 136,250 times the human adult exposure level. Regardless, these data indicate that BDCM should not be identified as a risk to human reproductive performance or development of human conceptuses.

scholarly journals Redundancy in metrics describing the composition, structure, and functioning of the North Sea demersal fish community

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon P. R. Greenstreet ◽  
Helen M. Fraser ◽  
Stuart I. Rogers ◽  
Verena M. Trenkel ◽  
Stephen D. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Demersal Fish ◽  
Community Size ◽  
The North ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
And Function

Abstract Greenstreet, S. P. R., Fraser, H. M., Rogers, S. I., Trenkel, V. M., Simpson, S. D., and Pinnegar, J. K. 2012. Redundancy in metrics describing the composition, structure, and functioning of the North Sea demersal fish community. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 8–22. Broader ecosystem management objectives for North Sea demersal fish currently focus on restoring community size structure. However, most policy drivers explicitly concentrate on restoring and conserving biodiversity, and it has not yet been established that simply restoring demersal fish size composition will be sufficient to reverse declines in biodiversity and ensure a generally healthy community. If different aspects of community composition, structure, and function vary independently, then to monitor all aspects of community general health will require application of a suite of metrics. This assumes low redundancy among the metrics used in any such suite and implies that addressing biodiversity issues specifically will require explicit management objectives for particular biodiversity metrics. This issue of metric redundancy is addressed, and 15 metrics covering five main attributes of community composition, structure, and function are applied to groundfish survey data. Factor analysis suggested a new interpretation of the metric information and indicated that a minimum suite of seven metrics was necessary to ensure that all changes in the general health of the North Sea demersal fish community were monitored properly. Covariance among size-based and species-diversity metrics was low, implying that restoration of community size structure would not necessarily reverse declines in species diversity.

scholarly journals Environmental and Nutritional Aspect in Male Infertility

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamida Begum ◽  
ABM Moniruddin ◽  
Khairun Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Exogenous Estrogen ◽  
Sperm Counts ◽  
And Function ◽  
Nutritional Aspect ◽  
Anatomical Defects

Male and female partner of a couple must be standard and fit to have the capacity to procreate. Studies confirm that male sperm counts are declining and environmental factors as pesticides, exogenous estrogen, heavy metals negatively impact spermatogenesis without any obvious anatomical defects. So, a number of nutritional therapies have been shown to improve sperm count and motility as carnitine, arginine, zinc, selenium and vitamin B12. Numerous anitioxidants have prove beneficial in treating male infertility as Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Glutathione and Coenzyme Q10. This article aims to highlight the correction of nutritional imbalances to encourage optimum sperm production and function, when there is idiopathic impaired spermatogenesis.   doi:10.3329/jom.v10i1.1997   J Medicine 2009; 10: 16-19   

scholarly journals Knockout of Murine Mamld1 Impairs Testicular Growth and Daily Sperm Production but Permits Normal Postnatal Androgen Production and Fertility

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mami Miyado ◽  
Kaoru Yoshida ◽  
Kenji Miyado ◽  
Momori Katsumi ◽  
Kazuki Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Production ◽  
Testicular Growth ◽  
Daily Sperm Production

scholarly journals Differences in size, structure and function of free and membrane-bound polyribosomes of rat liver. Evidence for a single class of membrane-bound polyribosomes

1977 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Ramsey ◽  
W J Steele
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Structural And Functional Properties ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
And Function

Free loosely bound and tightly bound polyribosomes were separated from rat liver homogenate by salt extraction followed by differential centrifugation, and several of their structural and functional properties were compared to resolve the existence of loosely bound polyribosomes and verify the specificity of the separation. The free and loosely bound polyribosomes have similar sedimentation profiles and polyribosome contents, their subunit proteins have similar electrophoretic patterns and their products of protein synthesis in vitro show a close correspondence in size and amounts synthesized. In contrast, the tightly bound polyribosomes have different properties from those of the free and loosely bound polyribosomes; their average size is significantly smaller; their polyribosome content is higher; their 60 S-subunit proteins lack two components and contain four or more components not found elsewhere; their products of protein synthesis in vitro differ in size and amounts synthesized. These observations show that rat liver membranes entrap a large fraction of the free polyribosomes at low salt concentrations and that these polyribosomes are similar to those of the free-polyribosome fraction and are different from those of the tightly bound polyribosome fraction in size, structure and function.

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