Comparative responses to manganese excess of eight tropical and four temperate pasture legume species

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Andrew ◽  
MP Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Manganese Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Threshold ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Tropical Legumes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Temperate Legumes ◽  
Pasture Legume

Eight tropical legumes and four temperate legumes were grown in water culture and their response to excess manganese was determined by comparing relative dry matter production (tops and roots), manganese, calcium, and nitrogen percentages in the dry matter. The tropical legumes as a group were as much affected by excess manganese as the temperate legumes. There were varying degrees of tolerance within each group. The growth of the different species varied over a wide range but this had nothing to do with sensitivity to manganese. The concentrations of manganese in the roots of two species representing the most tolerant and the least tolerant species were examined. They suggested that the relative tolerance of species depends in part on retention of manganese within the root system. Manganese treatments had little effect on the calcium and nitrogen concentrations in the dry matter (tops) of the majority of species examined. The diagnosis of manganese toxicity may be made by comparing manganese concentrations in the tops with toxicity threshold values obtained by the authors and other workers, and used in conjunction with the visual symptoms of manganese toxicity which have been observed for the various species. Toxicity threshold manganese values in the dry matter of the tops obtained in this investigation were: Centrosema pubescens 1600, Stylosanthes humilis 1140, Lotononis bainesii 1320, Phaseolus lathyroides 840, Leucaena leucocephala 550, Desmodium uncinatum 1160, Glycine javanica 560, Phaseolus atropurpureus 810, Trifolium repens 650, Medicago sativa 380, Trifolium fragiferum 510, and Medicago truncatula 560 p.p.m.

Flowering time and the natural distribution and dry matter production of Townsville lucerne (Stylosanthes humilis) populations

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (29) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Significant Yield

The flowering times of 58 collections of Townsville lucerne from typical sites in northern Australia have been recorded in three spaced plant experiments near Townsville. Thirty-six collections were grown in 1963-64, 15 in 1964-65, and 17 in 1965-66. All the late flowering collections came from sites receiving at least 45 inches annual rainfall. The five collections from south of Rockhampton were all of the early or midseason type and all collections from the far northern areas were late flowering. Partial regression analysis was used to relate the flowering time of a collection to the rainfall (for the five months interval from January to May) and latitude of the collection site. In the first two experiments rainfall, latitude and (latitude)2 all contributed significantly to the regressions, but in the third experiment only rainfall was significant. Correlation coefficients for 1963-64, 1964-65, and 1965-66 were +0.83, +0.97, and +0.93 respectively. A selection was derived from a collection by bulking seed from single spaced plants selected for uniform flowering time and growth habit. The dry matter yields of some collections and selections were compared in two sward experiments near Townsville in 1964-65 and 1965-66. In 1964-65 there were significant yield differences between collections (experiment A, P<0.01) and between selections (experiment B, P<0.001). There were differences in the rates of vegetative growth and differences in the length of growing season, with late flowering types being able to make better growth late in the season when early types were flowering and seeding. Types with erect growth habit had the highest yields and seemed to compete better with sown grasses than the prostrate types. There were no significant yield differences in 1965-66, a very dry year, and the late flowering types failed to set seed.

scholarly journals Productivity and seedling recruitment of naturalised annual clovers versus sown clovers Trifolium repens and Trifolium subterraneum

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
T.M.R. Maxwell ◽  
J.L. Moir ◽  
G.R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Seedling Regeneration ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Pasture Legume

Abstract Naturalised annual clover (NAC) species (suckling clover, cluster clover, striated clover, and haresfoot clover) are commonly present to locally abundant in summer dry hill and high country areas where white and subterranean (sub) clover abundance is limited. This field trial investigated NAC species dry matter production and seedling regeneration compared to white and sub clover. Autumn seedling recruitment was measured in response to low (75 kg/ha) or high (200 kg/ ha) superphosphate (SP) application. Over two growing seasons, NAC species contributed >90% to pasture legume content while white and sub clover contributed

The effect of sulphur on the growth, sulphur and nitrogen concentrations, and critical sulphur concentrations of some tropical and temperate pasture legumes

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Growth Responses ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Critical Concentrations ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Diagnostic Indices ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum ◽  
Macroptilium Lathyroides ◽  
Pasture Legume

Seven tropical and five temperate pasture legume species were grown in pots of three sulphur-deficient soils with varying additions of sulphate. Growth responses and the chemical composition of the plant tops were recorded, and from the latter, tentative critical concentrations of sulphur were established. These were compared with data from two field sites (six species only). Critical concentrations of sulphur in the tops of species sampled at the immediate pre-flowering stage of growth were: Macroptilium lathyroides 0.17%, Macroptilium atropurpureum 0.15%, Desmodium intortum 0.17%, Desmodium uncinatum 0.17%, Stylosanthes humilis 0.14%, Lotononis bainesii 0.15%, Glycine wightii 0.17%, Trifolium repens 0.18%, Trifolium semipilosum 0.17%, Medicago sativa 0.20%, Medicago truncatula 0.20% and Medicago denticulata 0.20%. Sulphate concentration and nitrogen/sulphur ratios were investigated as alternative diagnostic indices, but were not considered as suitable as total sulphur indices for the assessment of sulphur deficiency in legumes. Nitrogen concentrations in the plant tops were increased by sulphate supply, and excellent correlations were established between the nitrogen and sulphur concentrations in the plant tops.

Variation in Australian and European collections of Trifolium glomeratum L. and the provisional distribution of the species in southern Australia

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Woodward ◽  
FHW Morley
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flower Growth

Seventy-four lines of Trifolium glomeratum L. from a wide range of Australian and European environments were grown in a glasshouse at Canberra. Time to flower, growth habit, leaf markings, stipule colour, floret colour and dry matter production varied among collections, and within some lines. Numbers of flowers per plant, leaf: stem ratio, and dry matter yields were correlated with days to flower. The variation within the European collection was similar to that within the Australian collection. Time of flowering has probably been important in natural selection in this species, since the date of flowering at Canberra was strongly correlated with date of the end of the growing season (defined by effective rainfall) at the collection site of each ecotype. A survey during 1970 through New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia showed the western limit of spread of T. glomeratum to be through Garah, Burren Junction, Coonamble, Euabalong,Booligal, Moulamein, Beulah, Lake Hindmarsh, Mannum and Jamestown. Extrapolation of climatic restrictions to Western Australia indicated that the species could exist west of Lake Biddy, and possibly north and east to Geraldton and Esperance. The distribution appears to be controlled by the shortest length of growing season in which the species can germinate, grow, and set viable seed.

Palatability to sheep of the Eragrostis curvula complex. 4. Dry matter production, feed value and persistence of a range of taxa

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
WH Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Eragrostis Curvula ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

Productivity, nutritive value and persistence of a range of taxa of Eragrostis curvula complex were evaluated in experiments at Wagga Wagga, Temora, Condobolin and Orange, N.S.W. No relationships were found between previously determined palatability ranks and nitrogen (N) content, acid detergent fibre, digestible dry matter (DDM) or metabolisable energy. The nutritive value of stem was lower than leaf; however, if stem is well grazed this is unlikely to affect animal performance. Mean digestible dry matter and nitrogen contents of the E. curvula accessions were similar in the Wagga Wagga (a total of 8 determinations) and Orange (4 determinations) experiments (overall means, DDM = 57.48% and N = 1.65%), but digestibility was depressed in summer by 3.38 units (54.85 v. 58.23% in autumn) for leaf and 2.3 units (53.98 v. 56. 28%) for stem in the Orange experiment, and 4.68 units (56.43 v, 61.11% in spring) for leaf and 8.35 units (49.96 v. 58.31%) for stem in the Wagga Wagga Naturalised Accessions trial. In practice, this would be offset by increasing availability of palatable forage. Except for 1 occasion with stem, the nitrogen concentrations of the herbage (leaf N 2.02-1.45%, stem N 0.79-1.95%) were sufficient not to limit intake. Differences in persistence and dry matter yield indicated that, of the palatable lines, accession 4663 was better adapted to drier situations than 4650, and that accession 4660 was intermediate between the two. It is concluded that the palatable accessions were potentially useful pasture plants for south-eastern Australia.

Improved nitrogen supply to cereals in Central Queensland following short legume leys

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Armstrong ◽  
K. Walsh ◽  
K. J. McCosker ◽  
G. R. Millar ◽  
M. E. Probert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Perennial Legumes

Summary. The growth and ability of 12 summer-growing annual and perennial legumes to fix nitrogen and the response of a subsequent wheat crop was examined in a field trial on a deep cracking clay soil in the Central Highlands of Queensland. Twelve legumes [Lablab purpureus cv. Highworth, Vigna radiata cv. Satin, Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro, Medicago sativa cv. Trifecta, Vigna trilobata (CPI 13671), Macroptilium bracteatum (CPI 27404), Glycine latifolia (CQ 3368), Desmanthus virgatus cv. Marc, Desmanthus virgatus cv. Bayamo, Stylosanthes sp. aff scabra (104710), Clitoria ternatea cv. Milgarra, Cajanus cajan cv. Quest)] and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor cv. Tulloch) as a non-legume control were established in November 1994 and their growth monitored until March 1995. The legumes averaged greater than 5 t/ha dry matter production and 77 kg N/ha (above-ground only). Dry matter production ranged from less than 2 t/ha for G. latifolia and M. sativa to greater than 9 t/ha for D. virgatus cv. Bayamo and C. cajan. Annual legumes initially had much higher relative growth rates than the perennial legumes but they rapidily exhausted all the plant available water content of the soil thus allowing the well-established perennials to eventually match this production. The proportion of plant nitrogen (above ground) derived from N2 fixation was generally low, reflecting high soil NO3, but varied widely between species ranging from less than 20% for D. virgatus cv. Marc and G. latifolia to over 45% for C. ternatea, S. scabra and V. trilobata. The quantity of nitrogen derived from fixation was correlated with above-ground dry matter and nitrogen content. There was a significant (P<0.05) growth response by wheat following legumes compared with that following sorghum in the increasing order V. radiata = M. atropurpureum = L. purpureus > C. cajan = M. sativa = V. trilobata = M. bracteatum = G. latifolia > S. scabra = D. virgatus = C. ternatea. Previous legume growth had no significant (P>0.05) effect on yield or nitrogen concentration in a second ‘plant-back’ crop (sorghum). It was concluded that a wide range of pasture-ley legumes have the potential to improve cereal crop production in this region.

Preliminary agronomic evaluation of some perennial Urochloa species over a range of environments

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (105) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Burt ◽  
DF Sinclair ◽  
P Harrison ◽  
BC Pengelly ◽  
WT Williams
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agronomic Evaluation ◽  
Plant Evaluation

Twenty Urochloa accessions, representing four species, were grown as small swards for a 2 to 4 year period at five sites. The sites cover a wide range of tropical environments. Dry matter production and 'secondary attributes' were observed at strategically important times at the various sites. Various forms of analysis were applied to the resulting information and species, or species forms, of particular agronomic interest were delineated. Two accessions appear to have outstanding potential. The implications of the methods used and results obtained are discussed in relation to plant introduction and plant evaluation programs, and the high potential value of the genus noted.

The Proximate Compositions And Rumen Degradabilities Of Some Tropical And Temperate Legumes

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
J.P. Alawa ◽  
R. G. Hemingway ◽  
G. Fishwick
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Tropical Legumes ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Crude Fibre Content ◽  
Temperate Legumes

The proximate compositions and degradabilities in the rumen of tropical legumes (peas and beans) and temperate peas were studied with the aim of comparatively evaluating their nutritive potential for ruminants. The mean crude fibre content of temperat peas (11.3%) was higher than for tropical peas and beans. The mean gross energy contents of tropical peas (18.2 MJ/kg) and beans (18.6 MJ.kg) were higher than for temperate peas (17.0 MJ/kg) despite a higher mean ash value for the tropical types. Other proximate components were very similar for both tropical and temperate legumes although lima bean had a higher crude protein content. Generally the individual compositions of both the temperate peas and were within the range of published values for tropical legumes. The degradabilities of the dry matter and crude protein in the rumen of hay-fed cows were comparable for both tropical and temperate type legumes.

Nutritional restraints on subterranean clover grown on acid soils used for crop-pasture rotation

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Coventry ◽  
JR Hirth ◽  
KKH Fung
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Manganese Toxicity ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
North East ◽  
Matter Production

Lime, N and molybdenum fertilizers were used to establish how soil acidity limits the growth of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum), in pot culture, on acid soils taken from north-east Victoria. The results indicate that two nutritional factors associated with the growth of subterranean clover are affected by excess acidity. These are manganese toxicity and ineffective nodulation of the clover. The plants grown on one unlimed soil (Rutherglen) had manganese concentrations and symptoms consistent with manganese toxicity. Liming the second soil (Lilliput) overcame a N deficiency by way of increased nodule formation. A third nutritional factor commonly associated with excess acidity, and found on the Lilliput soil, molybdenum deficiency, was not alleviated by the application of lime. Instead, the application of molybdenum fertilizer gave increases in clover dry matter production at all lime rates. In the absence of molybdenum fertilizer, the molybdenum concentration of the herbage was extremely low, irrespective of liming. These results are discussed in relation to already established field responses of subterranean clover to lime, and the management of the clover-ley system on the strongly acid soils.

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