Preliminary agronomic evaluation of some perennial Urochloa species over a range of environments

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (105) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Burt ◽  
DF Sinclair ◽  
P Harrison ◽  
BC Pengelly ◽  
WT Williams
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agronomic Evaluation ◽  
Plant Evaluation

Twenty Urochloa accessions, representing four species, were grown as small swards for a 2 to 4 year period at five sites. The sites cover a wide range of tropical environments. Dry matter production and 'secondary attributes' were observed at strategically important times at the various sites. Various forms of analysis were applied to the resulting information and species, or species forms, of particular agronomic interest were delineated. Two accessions appear to have outstanding potential. The implications of the methods used and results obtained are discussed in relation to plant introduction and plant evaluation programs, and the high potential value of the genus noted.

Improved nitrogen supply to cereals in Central Queensland following short legume leys

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Armstrong ◽  
K. Walsh ◽  
K. J. McCosker ◽  
G. R. Millar ◽  
M. E. Probert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Perennial Legumes

Summary. The growth and ability of 12 summer-growing annual and perennial legumes to fix nitrogen and the response of a subsequent wheat crop was examined in a field trial on a deep cracking clay soil in the Central Highlands of Queensland. Twelve legumes [Lablab purpureus cv. Highworth, Vigna radiata cv. Satin, Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro, Medicago sativa cv. Trifecta, Vigna trilobata (CPI 13671), Macroptilium bracteatum (CPI 27404), Glycine latifolia (CQ 3368), Desmanthus virgatus cv. Marc, Desmanthus virgatus cv. Bayamo, Stylosanthes sp. aff scabra (104710), Clitoria ternatea cv. Milgarra, Cajanus cajan cv. Quest)] and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor cv. Tulloch) as a non-legume control were established in November 1994 and their growth monitored until March 1995. The legumes averaged greater than 5 t/ha dry matter production and 77 kg N/ha (above-ground only). Dry matter production ranged from less than 2 t/ha for G. latifolia and M. sativa to greater than 9 t/ha for D. virgatus cv. Bayamo and C. cajan. Annual legumes initially had much higher relative growth rates than the perennial legumes but they rapidily exhausted all the plant available water content of the soil thus allowing the well-established perennials to eventually match this production. The proportion of plant nitrogen (above ground) derived from N2 fixation was generally low, reflecting high soil NO3, but varied widely between species ranging from less than 20% for D. virgatus cv. Marc and G. latifolia to over 45% for C. ternatea, S. scabra and V. trilobata. The quantity of nitrogen derived from fixation was correlated with above-ground dry matter and nitrogen content. There was a significant (P<0.05) growth response by wheat following legumes compared with that following sorghum in the increasing order V. radiata = M. atropurpureum = L. purpureus > C. cajan = M. sativa = V. trilobata = M. bracteatum = G. latifolia > S. scabra = D. virgatus = C. ternatea. Previous legume growth had no significant (P>0.05) effect on yield or nitrogen concentration in a second ‘plant-back’ crop (sorghum). It was concluded that a wide range of pasture-ley legumes have the potential to improve cereal crop production in this region.

A comparison of twenty-seven introduced grasses in two dry-tropical environments in northern Queensland

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (77) ◽  
pp. 788 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Edye
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Fertilizer System

In a grazed sward trial to compare dry matter production from 25 grass accessions fertilized with 250 kg ha-1 urea annually over a period of four years at 'Lansdown', the highest yielding grasses were Cenchrus ciliaris (buffel grass) cvv. Nunbank and Biloela. Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass) accession 16059, Panicum maximum (green panic) cv. Petrie and C. gayana cv. Callide in that order. Several species failed to persist and some accessions of Chloris, Paspalum and Melinis were virtually non-existent by the end of the second season. In another experiment comparing dry matter production under grazing of 23 accessions sown with a standard legume mixture at two sites ('Lansdown' and 'Fanning River') over periods of five and four years respectively, the highest yields were obtained from Urochloa mosambicensis 6559, C. ciliaris cv. Tarewinnabar and accession 18019 at both sites. Urochloa was top yielder in the higher rainfall site at 'Lansdown' and the two buffel grasses were best at the drier site 'Fanning River'. Of the 23 accessions sown, only 12 at 'Lansdown' and only 7 at 'Fanning River' were persisting strongly when the experiment was completed. Grasses common to both experiments at 'Lansdown' were higher in nitrogen when grown with associated legumes than when grown alone and fertilized with urea. Grass nitrogen levels were low enough to reduce intake by cattle of nearly all accessions throughout the growing season under the urea fertilizer system and phosphorus levels in the grass were generally below that considered adequate for animal nutrition in the legume plots; however, the legumes would probably supply sufficient to meet the animal's requirements for at least part of the year. At 'Fanning River' the accessions were generally lower in nitrogen and phosphorus than at 'Lansdown'.

The effectiveness of zinc fertilizers as measured by DTPA soil extractable zinc, dry matter production and zinc uptake by subterranean clover in relation to soil properties of a range of Australian soils

Soil Research ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Soil Extraction ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Zinc Fertilizer

The effectiveness of zinc fertilizer (Zn) on a wide range of Australian soils was examined using subterranean clover (Trifolium subterranean cv. Nungarin) as a test crop in a glasshouse experiment. The initial effectiveness (IE) of zinc fertilizer as measured by dry matter production (DMP), and zinc content (uptake) of subterranean clover (clover) was found to vary markedly among the soil types. No simple linear retationship between the initial effectiveness measured by either dry matter production or uptake and any one soil property was found. IE values were found to be related to the pH (1 : 5 soil :water) (pHw) and the level of DTPA soil extractable zinc measured in the unfertilized soil (Zno). IE based on Zn uptake by clover tops was also related to the organic carbon (OC) (%) content of the soils. The model for IE measured by DMP in a stepwise linear regression was IEDMP = 2.682 - 0.107 pH,-4.852 Zn, (n = 45; r2 = 0-86). IE based on Zn uptake by clover tops was: IEuptake = 10.842 - 0.882 pH, - 0.310 OC (%) - 1.349 Zn, (n = 54; R2 = 0.85). The IE of zinc fertilizer measured by DTPA soil extraction (IEDTPA-zn) was also found to vary markedly among soil types. The level of zinc extracted by DTPA after the addition of Zn fertilizer was found to be affected by clay (%), organic carbon (%) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (%) content of the range of Australian soils. This relationship could be described by: IEDTPA - Zn = 0.178 + 0.0.002 Clay (%) + 0.014 OC (%) + 0.018 CaCO3 (%) (N = 54, r2 = 0.84)

Dry matter production of green pea influenced by herbicides

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-380
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Nádasy ◽  
Gábor Wágner
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Green Pea

Effects of Drought Stress on Physiological Characteristics and Dry Matter Production in Maize Silking Stage

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1884-1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren-He ZHANG ◽  
Dong-Wei GUO ◽  
Xing-Hua ZHANG ◽  
Hai-Dong LU ◽  
Jian-Chao LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Effects of Soil Tillage Practice on Dry Matter Production and Water Use Effi-ciency in Wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1432-1440
Author(s):  
Cheng-Yan ZHENG ◽  
Shi-Ming CUI ◽  
Dong WANG ◽  
Zhen-Wen YU ◽  
Yong-Li ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Tillage Practice ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Effi Ciency
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