The effect of phosphorus on the growth and chemical composition of some tropical pasture legumes. I. Growth and critical percentages of phosphorus

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Andrew ◽  
MF Robins
Keyword(s):  
Legume Species ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Vigna Luteola ◽  
Pasture Legume ◽  
Pot Culture

Nine tropical and one temperate pasture legume species were grown in pots of soil with varying additions of phosphate. Growth responses and chemical conlposition of the plant tops were recorded, and from the latter, critical percentages of phosphorus were established. These were verified by using data from two soils in the pot culture investigation and a total of six field sites. Glycine javanica and Desmodium intortum were the most responsive species in pots, and Stylosanthes humilis and Lotononis bainesii were the least responsive species. The quantity of phosphorus per pot accumulated in the tops of the plants was greatest for Stylosanthes humilis and Lotononis bainesii at all treatment levels. Critical percentages of phosphorus in the tops of Phaseolus Iathyroides, Phaseolus atropurpureus, Stylosanthes humilis, Centrosema pubescens, Glycine javanica, Lotononis bainesii, Medicago sativa, Desmodium uncinatum, Desmodium intortum, and Vigna luteola sampled at the immediate pre-flowering stage of growth were 0.20, 0.24, 0.17, 0.16, 0.23, 0.17, 0.24, 0.23, 0.22, and 0.25% phosphorus respectively.

The effect of sulphur on the growth, sulphur and nitrogen concentrations, and critical sulphur concentrations of some tropical and temperate pasture legumes

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Growth Responses ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Critical Concentrations ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Diagnostic Indices ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum ◽  
Macroptilium Lathyroides ◽  
Pasture Legume

Seven tropical and five temperate pasture legume species were grown in pots of three sulphur-deficient soils with varying additions of sulphate. Growth responses and the chemical composition of the plant tops were recorded, and from the latter, tentative critical concentrations of sulphur were established. These were compared with data from two field sites (six species only). Critical concentrations of sulphur in the tops of species sampled at the immediate pre-flowering stage of growth were: Macroptilium lathyroides 0.17%, Macroptilium atropurpureum 0.15%, Desmodium intortum 0.17%, Desmodium uncinatum 0.17%, Stylosanthes humilis 0.14%, Lotononis bainesii 0.15%, Glycine wightii 0.17%, Trifolium repens 0.18%, Trifolium semipilosum 0.17%, Medicago sativa 0.20%, Medicago truncatula 0.20% and Medicago denticulata 0.20%. Sulphate concentration and nitrogen/sulphur ratios were investigated as alternative diagnostic indices, but were not considered as suitable as total sulphur indices for the assessment of sulphur deficiency in legumes. Nitrogen concentrations in the plant tops were increased by sulphate supply, and excellent correlations were established between the nitrogen and sulphur concentrations in the plant tops.

Polysaccharides of tropical pasture herbage. III. The distribution of the major polysaccharide components of Townsville lucerne (Stylosanthes humilis) during growth

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
CP Way ◽  
GN Richards
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Pectic Substances ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Stem Leaf ◽  
Pasture Legume

Stylosanthes humilis, the predominant pasture legume in North Queensland, has been collected at three different stages of growth, viz. flowering, seeded, and senescence. The plants have been divided into stem, leaf, root, seed, and pod and each fraction has been analysed for the following types of polysaccharide components: water- solubles, pectic substances, hemicelluloses, and cellulose. The absolute monosaccharide composition of each of these fractions has been determined by hydrolysis and gas chromatography. Most of the polysaccharide components are similar in nature to those previously found in temperate pasture legumes (e.g. Medicago sativa), but the seeds are unusual among legumes in containing no galactomannan and there is evidence of the presence of a glucomannan in all parts of the plant.

The effect of potassium on the growth and chemical composition of some tropical and temperate pasture legumes. I. Growth and critical percentages of potassuim

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 999 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Andrew ◽  
MF Robins
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Chloride Medium ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis

Eight tropical and four temperate pasture legumes were grown in pots of a potassium-deficient soil, with varying additions of potassium chloride. Growth responses and chemical composition of the plant tops were recorded, and from these, critical percentages of potassium in the plant tops were established. All species responded in growth to potassium additions; however, there was practically no increase in plant potassium concentration over the low treatment range of potassium chloride. Medium to high rates of application increased plant potassium. Critical percentages of potassium in the tops of Phaseolus lathyroides, P. atropurpureus, Desmodium intortum, D. uncinatum, Stylosanthes humilis, Lotononis bainesii, Centrosema pubescens, Glycine javanica, Medicago sativa, M. truncatula, Trifolium repens, and T. fragiferum sampled at the immediate pre-flowering stage of growth were 0.75, 0.75, 0.80, 0.72, 0.60, 0.90?, 0.75, 0.80, 1.2, 1.0, 1.0, and 1.0% potassium respectively in the dry matter. In this work an absolute critical percentage has not been sought, but rather a working value for the rapid diagnosis of nutrient deficiency.

Evaluating pasture legumes for resistance to aphids

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Nair ◽  
A. D. Craig ◽  
G. C. Auricht ◽  
O. R. Edwards ◽  
S. S. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aphid Species ◽  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Ornithopus Compressus ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽  
Pasture Legume

Sixteen pasture legume species from 11 genera (Astragalus, Biserrula, Hedysarum, Hymenocarpus, Lotus, Medicago, Ononis, Ornithopus, Scorpiurus, Trifolium and Trigonella) were evaluated for resistance to 3�aphid species (Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) fm. maculata, Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji, and Aphis craccivora Koch) at 14, 28 and 42 days after the legumes were sown in a glasshouse. Eleven of the 16 cultivars/accessions were resistant to T. trifolii, 8 were highly resistant to A. kondoi but none of the accessions or cultivars were resistant to A.�craccivora at all growth stages. Ononis alopecuroides L. and Ornithopus compressus L. were the most resistant of all plants tested. The amount of resistance to the aphids was significantly affected by the age of the plants, but was less pronounced in the case of A. kondoi.

A second generation of annual pasture legumes and their potential for inclusion in Mediterranean-type farming systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Loi ◽  
J. G. Howieson ◽  
B. J. Nutt ◽  
S. J. Carr
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Ley Farming ◽  
Acid Tolerant ◽  
Annual Medics ◽  
Pasture Legume

A second generation of annual pasture legumes and their root-nodule bacteria has been released to agriculture in Mediterranean-type environments. These new species emanate from selection activity focussed upon ‘alternative legumes’. In 1992, in response to changing constraints upon production, a program was initiated which sought species with different ideotypic traits to the traditional annual medics and clovers used in agriculture in southern Australia. Traits sought in the new species were deeper root systems, improved persistence from higher hardseed levels, acid tolerant symbioses, tolerance to pests and diseases and ease of harvesting with conventional cereal harvesters. Several cultivars of species new to Australian agriculture such as biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus), French serradella (Ornithopus sativus), gland clover (Trifolium glanduliferum) and improved varieties of arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum) and yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus) were developed and have had rapid adoption and impact in southern Australian ley- and phase-farming systems. This paper reviews the importance of ley farming for Australian agriculture, the shortcomings of the traditional medics and clovers and the imperatives for a second generation of annual pasture legume species to be developed. In addition to enhancing ley farming, the commercial availability of a second generation of annual pasture legume species has provided a much needed impetus for the development of more flexible and sustainable farming systems.

Intrinsic capacity for nutrient foraging predicts critical external phosphorus requirement of 12 pasture legumes

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme A. Sandral ◽  
Rebecca E. Haling ◽  
Megan H. Ryan ◽  
Andrew Price ◽  
Wayne M. Pitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Phosphorus Requirement ◽  
Pasture Legume

The mainstream pasture legume species such as Trifolium subterraneum, T. repens and annual Medicago spp. used in the temperate pasture systems of southern Australia have high critical external requirements for phosphorus (P) (i.e. P required to achieve 90% of maximum yield). This work aimed to identify alternative pasture legume species that could be used in systems with lower P input. Shoot and root biomass of 12 species of pasture legume was measured in response to seven rates of P applied to the top 48 mm of soil in a pot experiment. Most species had maximum yields similar to T. subterraneum, but some required only one-third of the applied P to achieve this. The critical external P requirement of the species, ranked from lowest to highest, was as follows: Ornithopus compressus = O. sativus < Biserrula pelecinus < T. michelianum = T. vesiculosum = T. glanduliferum < T. hirtum = Medicago truncatula = T. purpureum = T. incarnatum < T. spumosum = T. subterraneum. An ability to maximise soil exploration through a combination of high root-length density, high specific root length and long root hairs (i.e. a large specific root-hair-cylinder volume) was associated with a low critical external P requirement. The results indicate that Ornithopus spp. could be used to achieve productive, low P-input pasture systems.

Polysaccharides of tropical pasture herbage. VII. Identification of a new pinitol galactoside from seeds of Trifolium subterraneum (subterranean clover) and analysis of several pasture legume seeds for cyclohexitols and their galactosides

1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Beveridge ◽  
CW Ford ◽  
GN Richards
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Borohydride Reduction ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Pasture Legume

A pinitol galactoside isolated from ethanol extracts of seeds of T. subterraneum has been shown to be 1D-2-O-(α-D-galactopyranosyl)-4-O- methy-chiro-inosito (1). The structure is based on successive periodate oxidation, borohydride reduction, hydrolysis and acetylation (Smith degradation), yielding the tetraacetate of 2-O-methyl-L-xylitol. The seeds of 39 pasture legumes from 13 different genera and 26 species have been analysed by gas chromatography for (1), myo-inositol, D-(+)- pinitol and galactinol.

scholarly journals Field benchmarking of the critical external phosphorus requirements of pasture legumes for southern Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme A. Sandral ◽  
Andrew Price ◽  
Shane M. Hildebrand ◽  
Christopher G. Fuller ◽  
Rebecca E. Haling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Pasture Legume

In recent decades several pasture legumes have been available in southern Australia as potential alternatives to the most widely used annual pasture legume Trifolium subterraneum. Little is known about their soil phosphorus (P) requirements, but controlled environment experiments indicate that at least some may differ in their P fertiliser requirements. In this study, pasture legume varieties, including T. subterraneum as the reference species, were grown at up to four sites in any one year over a 3-year period (in total, seven site × year experiments) to measure herbage growth responses in spring to increased soil P availability. A critical soil test P concentration (corresponding to 95% maximum yield) was estimated for 15 legumes and two pasture grasses. The critical soil P requirements of most of the legumes did not differ consistently from that of T. subterraneum, indicating their soil fertility management should follow the current soil test P guidelines for temperate Australian pastures. However, the critical P requirement of Medicago sativa was higher than that of T. subterraneum, but remains ill-defined because extractable soil P concentrations in these experiments were often not high enough to permit a critical P estimate. Three forage crop legumes (Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium purpureum, Trifolium vesiculosum) and two pasture legumes (Ornithopus compressus, Ornithopus sativus) had lower critical soil test P concentrations. It may be feasible to manage pastures based on these species to a lower soil test P benchmark without compromising yield.

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