The effect of potassium on the growth and chemical composition of some tropical and temperate pasture legumes. I. Growth and critical percentages of potassuim

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 999 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Andrew ◽  
MF Robins
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Chloride Medium ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis

Eight tropical and four temperate pasture legumes were grown in pots of a potassium-deficient soil, with varying additions of potassium chloride. Growth responses and chemical composition of the plant tops were recorded, and from these, critical percentages of potassium in the plant tops were established. All species responded in growth to potassium additions; however, there was practically no increase in plant potassium concentration over the low treatment range of potassium chloride. Medium to high rates of application increased plant potassium. Critical percentages of potassium in the tops of Phaseolus lathyroides, P. atropurpureus, Desmodium intortum, D. uncinatum, Stylosanthes humilis, Lotononis bainesii, Centrosema pubescens, Glycine javanica, Medicago sativa, M. truncatula, Trifolium repens, and T. fragiferum sampled at the immediate pre-flowering stage of growth were 0.75, 0.75, 0.80, 0.72, 0.60, 0.90?, 0.75, 0.80, 1.2, 1.0, 1.0, and 1.0% potassium respectively in the dry matter. In this work an absolute critical percentage has not been sought, but rather a working value for the rapid diagnosis of nutrient deficiency.

The effect of sulphur on the growth, sulphur and nitrogen concentrations, and critical sulphur concentrations of some tropical and temperate pasture legumes

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Growth Responses ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Critical Concentrations ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Diagnostic Indices ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum ◽  
Macroptilium Lathyroides ◽  
Pasture Legume

Seven tropical and five temperate pasture legume species were grown in pots of three sulphur-deficient soils with varying additions of sulphate. Growth responses and the chemical composition of the plant tops were recorded, and from the latter, tentative critical concentrations of sulphur were established. These were compared with data from two field sites (six species only). Critical concentrations of sulphur in the tops of species sampled at the immediate pre-flowering stage of growth were: Macroptilium lathyroides 0.17%, Macroptilium atropurpureum 0.15%, Desmodium intortum 0.17%, Desmodium uncinatum 0.17%, Stylosanthes humilis 0.14%, Lotononis bainesii 0.15%, Glycine wightii 0.17%, Trifolium repens 0.18%, Trifolium semipilosum 0.17%, Medicago sativa 0.20%, Medicago truncatula 0.20% and Medicago denticulata 0.20%. Sulphate concentration and nitrogen/sulphur ratios were investigated as alternative diagnostic indices, but were not considered as suitable as total sulphur indices for the assessment of sulphur deficiency in legumes. Nitrogen concentrations in the plant tops were increased by sulphate supply, and excellent correlations were established between the nitrogen and sulphur concentrations in the plant tops.

The effect of potassium on the growth and chemical composition of some tropical and temperate pastrure legumes. II. Potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, nitrogen, phosphorus, and chloride

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Andrew ◽  
MF Robins
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Seven tropical and four temperate pasture legumes were grown in pots of a potassium-deficient soil with varying additions of potassium chloride. Growth responses and chemical composition were recorded. From the latter, data and discussion are presented for two groups of nutrients: cations (potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium) and nitrogen, phosphorus, and chloride. The multiple analyses permitted (a) an assessment of the effect of potassium chloride treatment on the above elements in the various plants, (b) a check of nutrient sufficiency at all levels of potassium treatment, and (c) the partial mineral characterization of those species. Species used were Phaseolus lathyroides, P. atropurpureus, Desrnodium intortum, D. uncinatum, Stylosanthes humilis, Lotononis bainesii, Centrosema pubescens, Medicago sativa, M. truncatula, Trifolium repens, and T. fragiferum. Within the cation group, potassium application had little effect on the plant potassium concentration at low treatment levels, despite large increases in growth; at medium to high application rates, potassium concentration increased in the plant tissue. Potassium treatment caused decreases in calcium, magnesium, and sodium in the plant tissue, but these effects were not general for all species. In P. lathyroides, P. atropurpureus, and M. sativa the effect of added potassium chloride on plant calcium was relatively small compared with that for the remaining species. In C. pubescens, M. truncatula, and T. fragiferum there was little to no effect of potassium chloride on magnesium concentration; in other species the uptake of magnesium was depressed. Sodium concentrations in D. intortum, D. uncinatum, and C. pubescens were not affected by potassium chloride additions; in other species there were substantial reductions. In both cases, magnesium and sodium, the species which did not show any interaction with potassium chloride were relatively low in magnesium and sodium respectively. There was little effect of treatment on total cation contents. Potassium chloride applications had no effect on plant nitrogen concentration but increased the concentration of chloride and decreased that of phosphorus; these effects, however, were also conditioned by species. The Desrnodium species were depressed in growth by high chloride.

The effect of phosphorus on the growth and chemical composition of some tropical pasture legumes. I. Growth and critical percentages of phosphorus

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Andrew ◽  
MF Robins
Keyword(s):  
Legume Species ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Vigna Luteola ◽  
Pasture Legume ◽  
Pot Culture

Nine tropical and one temperate pasture legume species were grown in pots of soil with varying additions of phosphate. Growth responses and chemical conlposition of the plant tops were recorded, and from the latter, critical percentages of phosphorus were established. These were verified by using data from two soils in the pot culture investigation and a total of six field sites. Glycine javanica and Desmodium intortum were the most responsive species in pots, and Stylosanthes humilis and Lotononis bainesii were the least responsive species. The quantity of phosphorus per pot accumulated in the tops of the plants was greatest for Stylosanthes humilis and Lotononis bainesii at all treatment levels. Critical percentages of phosphorus in the tops of Phaseolus Iathyroides, Phaseolus atropurpureus, Stylosanthes humilis, Centrosema pubescens, Glycine javanica, Lotononis bainesii, Medicago sativa, Desmodium uncinatum, Desmodium intortum, and Vigna luteola sampled at the immediate pre-flowering stage of growth were 0.20, 0.24, 0.17, 0.16, 0.23, 0.17, 0.24, 0.23, 0.22, and 0.25% phosphorus respectively.

Effect of calcium, pH and nitrogen on the growth and chemical composition of some tropical and temperate pasture legumes. II.* Chemical composition (calcium, nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, sodium and phosphorus)

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Andrew ◽  
AD Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Calcium Treatment ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
Matter Production

The chemical composition of tops and roots of nodulated and non-nodulated plants of some tropical and temperate pasture legumes grown in sand culture is reported and discussed in relation to nodulation efficiency and dry matter production, and nutrient interaction. In most species, increasing pH raised the nitrogen concentrations in the tops of nodulated plants; calcium treatment had little effect. Increasing the calcium concentration of the nutrient solution from 0.125 to 2.0 mM markedly increased the calcium~ concentration in the tops of all species, but in the roots to only a minor extent. Concentrations in tops differed between species. Concentrations in the tops of modulated plants were increased as a result of increasing pH, particularly at the low calcium treatment and for those species sensitive to low pH (Glycine wightii, Medicago species). Increasing the calcium concentration lowered the magnesium concentration, but the total cation content was not significantly affected. In the tropical species, phosphorus concentrations in the tops were increased by reducing pH at both calcium treatments; values were higher at the low calcium treatment than at the high calcium treatment. Roots accumulated inore phosphorus than the tops. Differences in the response of the species cannot be directly related to their mineral composition. With respect to nodulation and dry matter production, it is considered that the pH is the dominant factor and operates in the nodule initiation phase and in subsequent nitrogen production. _______________ *Part I, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 27: 611 (1976).

Nutritional value of Townsville stylo (Stylosanthes humilis) and of spear grass (Heteropogon contortus)-dominant pastures fed to sheep. 2. The effect of superphosphate fertilizer

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (57) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Playne
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Townsville Stylo

Penned sheep were used to measure the voluntary dry matter intake, digestibility and chemical composition of Townsville stylo and of black spear grass fertilized at three different annual rates of superphosphate -0, 125 and 750 kg ha-1. Dry matter intake of spear grass fertilized at 125 kg ha-1 was greater (P<0.05) than that of spear grass fertilized at 750 kg ha-1, which in turn was greater than that of grass not fertilized (P<0.05). Dry matter digestibilities were generally similar, although the digestibility of the grass fertilized at 125 kg ha-l tended to be greatest. In Townsville stylo, no significant differences in intake or digestibility occurred with different fertilizer treatments.

The effect of phosphorus, potassium, and calcium on the growth, chemical composition, and symptoms of deficiency of white clover in a subtropical environment

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Visual Symptoms ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Subtropical Environment

The effect of the rates of application of sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, and calcium carbonate on growth, chemical composition, and visual symptoms of deficiency in Trifolium repens var. Irrigation White, grown in a low humic gley soil under subtropical conditions in Queensland, has been investigated. The surface soil is grossly deficient in phosphorus, potassium, and calcium and consists almost entirely of sand (92 per cent.). Additions of sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, and calcium carbonate each increased the yield of clover, increased the phosphorus, potassium, and calcium contents respectively, and conditioned the uptake of other nutrients. Plant material for chemical analyses consisted of petioles and leaves (less senescent and expanding leaves), harvested at the immediate pre-flowering stage of growth. Critical percentages for phosphorus, potassium, and calcium under these conditions were established at 0.23, 1.1, and 1.0 per cent. respectively. Visual symptoms of phosphorus, potassium, and calcium deficiencies are discussed in relation to yield and nutrient content. The sum of the equivalents of potassium, calcium, and magnesium is approximately constant. The mean value of 18 analyses covering all treatments was 136 m-equiv. per cent. with a range of 116-148.

Effect of aluminium on the growth chemical composition of some tropical and temperate pasture legumes

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Andrew ◽  
AD Johnson ◽  
RL Sandland
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

The effects of aluminium (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 p.p.m.) on the dry matter production (tops and roots) and chemical composition of five tropical and six temperate pasture legumes grown in a cultu1.e solution containing 2 p.p.m. phosphorus were ascertained. The tolerances of the tropical species to aluminium were in the order Desmodiunz uncinatum = Macroptilium latlzyyuoides = Lotonis bainesii = Stylosanthes humilis = Glycine wightii > Medicago sativa, and temperate species in the order Trifolium rueppellianum= Trifolium sernipilosum > Trifolium repens = Medicago scutellata = Medicago truncatula = Medicago sativa. In the tolerant species the yield of plant material from the 0.5 p.p.m. aluminium treatment was greater than from the control. The top/root weight ratios of the tolerant species were unaffected by treatment; the ratios of the sensitive species were reduced. The effect of aluminium treatment on aluminium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium concentrations in the plants are given. The principal nutrients to be affected were calcium and phosphorus. Aluminium treatment reduced the calcium concentrations in the tops of all species and there were reciprocal relationships between calcium, magnesium, and potassium concentrations. In the sensitive species aluminium treatment reduced phosphorus in the plant tops and roots; in some of the tolerant species the intermediate aluminium treatment increased the phosphorus concentration in the plant tops; however, the high aluminium treatment reduced the phosphorus concentration.

The effect of dicalcium phosphate supplements on the intake and digestibility of Townsville lucerne and spear grass by sheep

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (37) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Playne
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
The Difference

Sheep were fed either Townsville lucerne (Stylosanthes humilis) or spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) with and without dicalcium phosphate for an 11-week period. Voluntary intake, dry matter digestibility and liveweight changes of the animals were measured. Sheep fed Townsville lucerne gained body weight whereas those fed spear grass lost weight. Added dicalcium phosphate (4.5 g/day) increased dry matter intake and liveweight gain of the sheep fed Townsville lucerne, but not the digestion coefficient. Sheep consuming spear grass did not respond in any way to the supplement. All sheep fed spear grass received urea daily (2.9g N/day) as a nitrogen supplement. The difference between the two groups in response to dicalcium phosphate is discussed in terms of the chemical composition of the two feeds.

scholarly journals Correcting hypokalaemia in a paediatric patient with Bartter syndrome through oral dose of potassium chloride intravenous solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 2050313X2110197
Author(s):  
Salman Alasfour ◽  
Haya S Alfailakawi ◽  
Yousif A Shamsaldeen
Keyword(s):  
Paediatric Patient ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Nasogastric Tube ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Bartter Syndrome ◽  
Intravenous Route ◽  
Serum Potassium Concentration ◽  
Main Challenge

Bartter syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypokalaemia. Hypokalaemia is defined as low serum potassium concentration ˂3.5 mmol/L, which may lead to arrhythmia and death if left untreated. The aim of this case report was to normalize serum potassium concentration without the need for intravenous intervention. A 5-month-old male of 2.7 kg body weight diagnosed with Bartter syndrome was admitted to the general paediatric ward with acute severe hypokalaemia and urinary tract infection. The main challenge was the inability to administer drugs through intravenous route due to compromised body size. Therefore, we shifted the route of administration to the nasogastric tube/oral route. A total of 2 mL of concentrated intravenous potassium chloride (4 mEq potassium) were dissolved in distilled water and administered through nasogastric tube. Serum potassium concentration was rapidly normalized, which culminated in patient discharge. In conclusion, shifting drug administration from intravenous to oral route in a paediatric patient with Bartter syndrome includes numerous advantages such as patient convenience, minimized risk of cannula-induced infection, and reduced nurse workload.

scholarly journals Some factors influencing the chemical composition of mixed rumen bacteria

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Smith ◽  
A. B. Mcallan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Total N ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Mixed Bacteria ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

1. Sheep, cows and calves fitted with rumen cannulas were given diets mostly containing 10–16 g nitrogen/kg dry matter and consisting of roughage and cereals. Mixed bacteria were separated from samples of their rumen contents.2. Bacteria taken 4–6 h after a feed from calves which were kept in an experimental calf-house with no contact with adult animals (environment A) contained more α-dextran, less total N and higher nucleic acid:total N ratios than similar bacteria from calves reared in contact with adult sheep (environment C) but otherwise treated in an identical way.3. Mixed bacteria taken 4–6 h after a feed from sheep and cows were similar in composition, with respect to nitrogenous components, to those from the ‘environment C’ calves. This composition did not vary significantly when diets containing differing proportions of roughage were given.4. The ‘environment A’ calves were free of ciliate protozoa. When they were placed in contact with, and were inoculated with rumen contents from, adult cattle (environment B), they rapidly developed a normal protozoal population and the chemical composition of their rumen bacteria became like that of the bacteria from the ‘environment C’ calves.5. Mixed bacteria taken just before a feed, from either cows or ‘environment A’ calves, showed significantly lower RNA-N:total N ratios and slightly (but not usually significantly) higher DNA-N:total N ratios than bacteria taken 4–6 h after feeding. Total N contents of the bacteria did not change consistently with time after feeding.6. The possible significance of these differences in relation to the nutrition of the host animal is discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document