Pathological changes associated with Oesophagostomum columbianum infestations in sheep: Serum protein changes in relation to multiple infestation, intensity of infestation, and immunity

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Infected Animal ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Infestation Intensity ◽  
Oesophagostomum Columbianum ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Osmotic Balance

A relationship between size of infesting dose and multiple infestation and the total serum proteins was demonstrated. During primary infestations with low and medium-sized doses of infective larvae, the total serum proteins fell. After infestation with large larval doses or after multiple infestations the total serum proteins increased. Hypoalbuminaemia could be demonstrated after both primary and secondary infestations; also the animals given secondary infestation had failed to regain the level of serum albumin present before primary infestation. Both α- and ß1-globulins of sheep with either first or second infestation retained a level commensurate with, or decreased compared with, that in the control animals. These changes are discussed in relation to osmotic balance of the infected animal. The ß2-globulins increased during both primary and secondary infestations: however, the increase was greatest during the primary infestation. Increases in the y-globulin fraction also occurred but here the greatest increase occurred after secondary infestation. After primary infestation the y-globulin levels first fell and then increased as the infestation progressed. There was a correlation between the complement fixation, but not the passive haemagglutination, antibody titres and the increased serum ß2- and Y-globulin levels. However, the increased y-globulin levels after secondary infestation were too great to be solely accounted for by an immunological response.

Pathological changes associated with Oesophagostomum columbianum infestations in sheep: Serum protein changes after first infestation

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 821 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis ◽  
Globulin Level ◽  
Oesophagostomum Columbianum

The serum proteins of worm-free crossbred lambs were found to vary over a period of 10 weeks. Infestation of these lambs with 2000 infective Oesophagostomum columbianum larvae also caused marked changes in various serum proteins separated by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The total serum proteins of infested sheep remained static or decreased slightly over the period of observation. There was a marked hypoalbuminaemia (measured in grams per cent.) in the infested lambs. The α-globulin retained the same level as in the controls; this was attributed to compensatory synthesis to overcome the osmotic changes produced by albumin loss. The ß1-globulin decreased throughout infestations; both albumin and ß1-globulin could have been lost through inflammation of the alimentary tract. The ß2-globulin increased very greatly during infestation; this was attributed to an immunological response. The y-globulin level at first decreased, but after 10 days the level increased at a rate commensurate with that in the control lambs. This increase was also attributed to an immunological response.

Studies on resistance of sheep to infestation with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. and on the immunological reactions of sheep exposed to infestation. III. The antibody response to infestation with Trichostrongylus spp.

1950 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Immunological Reactions

In infestation of sheep with Trichostrongylus spp., both the intake of larvae and infestation with adult worms stimulated the production of antibodies. The character of the antibody response in infestation with Trichostrongylus spp. thus differed from that caused by Haemonchus contortus. Sera of sheep dying from infestation with Trichostrongylus spp. were negative to the complement fixation test. It was found that older sheep responded serologically earlier and more vigorously to infestation with Trichostrongylus spp. than did young sheep. Subsequent doses of larvae of Trichostrongylus spp. elicited a more rapid and grester serological response, even in young sheep, than an initial dose of larvae. Previous infestation with H. contortus did not result in resistance to Trichostrongylus spp., whereas previous infestation with Trichostrongylus spp. heightened the resistance of sheep to subsequent infestation with the same species. It is concluded that the relative resistance of older sheep to Trichostrongylus spp. is due, a t least in part, to an earlier immunological response which is strengthened by subsequent doses of larvae. When infective larvae of Trichostrongylus spp. were superimposed upon an existing infestation of the same species, the egg count declined ;apidly and the development of the superimposed larvae resisted Doses of infective larvae of Trichostrongylus spp. had no apparent effect on the egg counts of sheep infested with H. contortus.

scholarly journals The Effect of Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status on Anthropometric Development and Systemic Inflammation: An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5635
Author(s):  
Roxana Maria Martin-Hadmaș ◽  
Ștefan Adrian Martin ◽  
Adela Romonți ◽  
Cristina Oana Mărginean
Keyword(s):  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Trans Fats ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Total Fat

(1) Background: Daily caloric intake should aim to reduce the risk of obesity or poor anthropometric development. Our study objective was to analyze the association between food consumption, inflammatory status and anthropometric development; (2) Methods: We performed a prospective observational analytical research during September 2020 and April 2021 on a group of 160 healthy subjects, aged between 6 and 12 years old, by analyzing food ingestion, the basal metabolic rate, anthropometric development and the inflammatory status; (3) Results: IL-6 was significantly correlated to the sum of skinfolds, along with both serum proteins and triglycerides. The skin folds were significantly correlated with the caloric intake and with total fat intake, next to saturated and trans fats. Unlike the skin folds, the body weight was significantly correlated with the caloric intake along with some vitamins, such as Vitamin A and Vitamin B12. Inactive mass increased with excessive folic acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin K and saturated fat intake; (4) Conclusions: The inflammatory status was influenced by the ingestion of micronutrients, total serum lipids and proteins. The anthropometric development was associated with the ingestion of carbohydrates, energy balance and energy intake. We can conclude that daily menu and nutrition imbalances can influence both the risk of obesity and the inflammatory status.

scholarly journals A potential krimpsiekte vaccine

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Botha ◽  
J.E. Crafford ◽  
V.P. Butler ◽  
M.N. Stojanovic ◽  
L. Labuschagne
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Protein Conjugate ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin Conjugate ◽  
Small Stock ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Glycoside Poisoning

Krimpsiekte, a chronic form of cardiac glycoside poisoning, is an important plant-induced intoxication of small stock in South Africa. It is caused by cumulative, neurotoxic bufadienolides, such as cotyledoside. A cotyledoside-bovine serum albumin conjugate was synthesized to immunize animals. The efficacy of the cotyledoside-conjugate in inducing an immunological response was ascertained in rabbits (n = 4) and sheep (n = 4) by determining cotyledoside antibody titres with an ELISA using cotyledoside-hen ovalbumin as antigen. The formation of anticotyledoside antibodies was induced in both rabbits and sheep following immunization with the cotyledoside-protein conjugate. Protection provided by the vaccine was demonstrated by challenging sheep (n = 4) with repeated, daily doses of cotyledoside (0.015 mg / kg) administered intravenously, commencing 45 days after the initial vaccination. One control animal died on Day 3 of the challenge period and the other was severely affected after administration of the third cotyledoside dose. The immunized ewes (n = 2) remained clinically unaffected and the challenge was suspended following six daily injections. Vaccination as a means of preventing krimpsiekte seems to be quite feasible and deserves further investigation.

Muscle Weight Relationship to Serum Proteins, Hemocytes, and Hepatopancreas in the Lobster, Homarus americanus

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2339-2354 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Stewart ◽  
John W. Cornick ◽  
Diane M. Foley ◽  
M. F. Li ◽  
C. M. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Beef Liver ◽  
The Relationship

Total serum protein values, hemocyte numbers, and muscle weights were determined for 216 intermolt lobsters immediately after their capture, and for 230 others held captive under a variety of dietary and environmental conditions. Average muscle values ranged from approximately 13% to the more normal 20–25% of the live animals' weight, depending upon experimental conditions. The total serum protein up to a level of 55 mg/ml was shown to be a reliable indicator of muscle weights, although the relationship was not identical for all lobster groups. It appeared to be modified chiefly by the areas from which the different groups were taken. Diet was more important than the temperatures (5 to 14 C) in affecting changes in muscle and serum protein values. Starvation caused a greater reduction (50 to 70%) in the size of the hepatopancreas than in the muscle. Histological examination of the hepatopancreatic tissue showed that the lipid content was markedly reduced upon starvation and that a degeneration of this organ was apparent for lobsters fed a beef liver and herring diet. Measurement of serum proteins would appear to be a useful technique in experiments on lobster nutrition and have value, within specified limits, for assessing the physiological condition of wild lobsters.

scholarly journals Novel serum biomarkers for erythropoietin use in humans: a proteomic approach

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britt Christensen ◽  
Lucila Sackmann-Sala ◽  
Diana Cruz-Topete ◽  
Jens Otto L. Jørgensen ◽  
Niels Jessen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Content ◽  
Serum Haptoglobin ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Male Subjects

Erythropoietin (Epo) is produced primarily in the kidneys upon low blood oxygen availability and stimulates erythropoiesis in the bone marrow. Recombinant human Epo (rHuEpo), a drug developed to increase arterial oxygen content in patients, is also illicitly used by athletes to improve their endurance performance. Therefore, a robust and sensitive test to detect its abuse is needed. The aim of the present study was to investigate potential human serum biomarkers of Epo abuse employing a proteomic approach. Eight healthy male subjects were injected subcutaneously with rHuEpo (5,000 IU) every second day for a 16-day period. Serum was collected before starting the treatment regime and again at days 8 and 16 during the treatment period. Samples were homogenized and proteins separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). Spots that changed significantly in response to rHuEpo treatment were identified by mass spectrometry. Both the number of reticulocytes and erythrocytes increased throughout the study, leading to a significant increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin content. In addition, transferrin levels increased but the percentage of iron bound to transferrin and ferritin levels decreased. Out of 97 serum proteins, seven were found to decrease significantly at day 16 compared with pre-Epo administration, and were identified as four isoforms of haptoglobin, two isoforms of transferrin, and a mixture of hemopexin and albumin. In support, total serum haptoglobin levels were found to be significantly decreased at both days 8 and 16. Thus a 2DE proteomic approach for discovery of novel markers of Epo action appears feasible.

Studies on resistance of sheep to infestation with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. and on the immunological reactions of sheep exposed to infestation. I. The preparation of antigens for the complement fixation test and the reactivity of the biochemical fractions of H. contortus

1950 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Free Material

All antigen was developed to detect circulating antibodies by means of the complement fixation test in sheep infested with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. Extraction of worm material at 100°C. for 10 minutes was found to be the most satisfactory method for the preparation of antigens. Potent antigens were prepared from young adult H. contortus, from third-stage infective larvae, and from the eggs. Old mature adult H. contortus yielded antigens of low potency. No significant difference was found between the potency of antigens prepared from male and female adult H. contortus collected from the same sheep. Both adult Trichostrongylus spp. and third-stage infective larvae consistently yielded antigens of high potency. No significant difference was found in the results obtained with larval or adult H. contortus antigens, adjusted to the same potency and tested with natural H. contortus antisera. H. contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. absorbed the antiserum to each other. It was shown that a lipid was an essential constituent of the boiled antigen in the complement fixation reaction with natural antisera. Lipid-free antigens from H. contortus failed to react with natural antisera. The lipid was not antigenic when injected into rabbits. The carbohydrate fraction of H. contortus did not fix complement in the presence of natural antisera and was not antigenic when injected into rabbits. The lipid fraction of a variety of nematode parasites reacted with natural antisera to H. contortus infestation. Similar lipid fractions of two species of trematodes did not react with natural antisera to H. contortus infestation. Normal saline suspensions of the lipid-free material from a variety of helminths showed a greater degree of specificity when tested with artificially prepared antisera than did the lipid fractions.

scholarly journals Study of Some Biochemical Parameters in Iraqi Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-378
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Childhood All ◽  
Marrow Cavity ◽  
Increased Risk

Leukemia or cancer of the blood is the most common childhood cancer, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), is the most common form of leukemia that occurs in children. It is characterized by the presence of too many immature white blood cells in the child’s blood and bone marrow, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia can occur in adults too, treatment is different for children. Children with ALL develop symptoms related to infiltration of blasts in the bone marrow, lymphoid system, and extramedullary sites, such as the central nervous system (CNS). Common constitutional indications consist of fatigue (50%), pallor (25%), fever (60%), and weight loss (26%). Infiltration of blast cells in the marrow cavity and periosteum often lead to bone pain (23%) and disturbance of normal hematopoiesis. Thrombocytopenia with platelet counts less than 100,000 are seen in approximately 75% of patients. About 40% of patients with childhood ALL present with hemoglobin levels less than 7 g/dL. Although leukocyte counts greater than 50,000/mm3 occur in 20% of cases, neutropenia defined as an absolute neutrophil count less than 500 is common at presentation and is associated with an increased risk of infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the differentiations in some biochemical parameters (Hb, PCV, total serum proteins Aspartate amino transferase(AST), Alanin amino transferase (ALT), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood which can be conceder as a marker of ALL. Samples were collected from 50 patients (between 1-16 years old) diagnosed with ALL after one month treatment with induction therapy, compared with 30 control samples taken from healthy persons at the same age . The ALT and MDA showed a significant increase p < 0.001 and p

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