Population suppression in the Queensland fruit fly, Dacus (Strumeta) Tryoni. I. The effects of male depletion in a semi-isolated population

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Bateman ◽  
AH Friend ◽  
F Hampshire
Keyword(s):  
Small Town ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
High Density ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Isolated Population ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Clear Effect ◽  
Male Attractant ◽  
Population Suppression

An experiment designed to assess the usefulness of a male attractant, 4-(p-acetoxypheny1)butan-2-one, for the control of relatively isolated populations of the Queensland fruit fly, is described. Traps baited with the lure and an insecticide were distributed at fairly high density throughout a small town and its immediate surroundings, while a similar town nearby was left untreated for purposes of comparison. The numbers of males killed each week in the treated town were estimated, and in both towns regular measurements were made of: (i) ratios of males to females; (ii) rates of insemination of mature females; and (iii) rates of infestation of fruit. The results show that there was a clear effect of the treatment in the early part of the season, but that this diminished as the season progressed until finally there was little difference between the populations. We conclude that this male attractant, used alone, is unlikely to provide effective control of the Queensland fruit fly, except perhaps when used against thoroughly isolated populations. It may, however, be more useful if used in combination with other methods which provide some protection against inseminated females.

scholarly journals Seasonal Spatial Distribution of the Mango Fruit Fly (Ceratitis cosyra) in Mango Trees Pruned to Give Three Different Pruning Canopies in High Density Mango Production in the South Eastern Lowveld of Zimbabwe

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Leonard Muturiki ◽  
Tapiwa J. Chitakunje ◽  
Shupikai Ndigwirei ◽  
Salome Nyaradzai Mubaiwa
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
High Density ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Pruning Techniques ◽  
Ceratitis Cosyra

The mango fruit fly (Ceratitis cosyra Walker) is the major pest of economic importance and which restricts mango exports from infested production areas in the SADC region. The effect of three pruning techniques, box/rectangle, spherical/round and the central leader, on assessing spatial distribution of fruit fly populations in high density mango production were investigated at Chiredzi Research station (21°01’S, 31°33’E) from 2010 to 2013. Results showed a significant rise in the number of adult fly catches among pruning techniques as from July to December (p< 0.05). Traps baited with Malathion 25% WP with molasses as an attractant were used to trap the flies. Results from all treatments indicated a significant rise in mean adult fruit fly catches from the months of July to December. It can be concluded that spatial distribution of the mango fruit fly is influenced by the fruiting and ripening patterns of mango.

Using Two-Sex Life Table Traits to Assess the Fruit Preference and Fitness of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 2936-2945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqar Jaleel ◽  
Xiaobing Tao ◽  
Desen Wang ◽  
Lihua Lu ◽  
Yurong He
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The World ◽  
Fruit Preference ◽  
Basic Studies

Abstract Bactrocera flies are economic pests of agricultural crops all over the world. Among Bactrocera flies, oriental fruit fly is an economically important pest of fruit crops in the world. Basic studies of Bactrocera flies are very important and helpful to the development of integrated management strategies. However, basic studies regarding behavior and age-stage, two-sex life table traits for this pest, which are vital for designing effective control methods, are currently lacking. Considering the importance of B. dorsalis, this study aimed to evaluate the fruit preference and age-stage, two-sex life table traits of B. dorsalis on guava (Psidium guajava), papaya (Carica papaya), and banana (Musa acuminata) fruits in the laboratory. In choice and no-choice tests, the number of visits and oviposition punctures made by female B. dorsalis flies were significantly higher on guava than those on papaya and banana. The life cycle from eggs to male (146.95 ± 3.43 d) and female (164.94 ± 3.85 d) adults was significantly longer on papaya than those on banana and guava. Bactrocera dorsalis females produced significantly more eggs when fed on guava (623.30 eggs female−1) than on papaya (527.80 eggs female−1) or banana (399.60 eggs female−1). Guava was the more suitable fruit for B. dorsalis, and could be used as a bait fruit to manage the B. dorsalis during the fruiting season of papaya and banana.

scholarly journals GENE FLOW AND THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF A MOLECULAR POLYMORPHISM IN DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA

Genetics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-178
Author(s):  
J S Jones ◽  
S H Bryant ◽  
R C Lewontin ◽  
J A Moore ◽  
T Prout
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Enzyme Polymorphism ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Isolated Population ◽  
Molecular Polymorphism ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the relation between the geographical distribution of an enzyme polymorphism and population structure in Drosophila pseudoobscura. California populations of this species living in very different montane and lowland habitats separated by several kilometers are similar to each other in the frequency of an esterase allele. Previous estimates suggest that gene flow is too limited to account for this homogeneity of genetic structure, so that it must reflect some balancing force of natural selection. We show, however, that dispersal over unfavorable habitats is much greater than earlier supposed. Isolated populations of D. pseudoobscura separated by 15 km from other populations are subject to large amounts of immigration. This is shown by changes in the seasonal abundance of this species and in the annual pattern of lethal alleles in such populations. The genetic structure of an experimentally perturbed isolated population in an oasis returned to normal within a single year, suggesting that such populations are ephemeral and that the oasis is subject to annual recolonization by distant migrants. Direct assessment of marked flies shows that they can move at least 10 km in 24 hours over a desert. Such extensive gene flow may help explain the distribution of the esterase allele, and is relevant to the high level of molecular polymorphism and its general lack of geographic differentiation throughout the range of D. pseudoobscura.

scholarly journals Survey and Monitoring of Chinese Citrus Fly (Bactrocera minax Enderlein) in Sweet Orange Orchards of Sindhuli, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Elina Gautam ◽  
Arvind Srivastava ◽  
Lalan Kumar Singh ◽  
Shanta Karki ◽  
Debraj Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Protein Bait

Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein), is one of the most important pests of citrus. The pest is more problematic in the eastern part of the country, Nepal. Because of the difficulties associated with the control of this pest by chemical insecticides, farmers had experienced great losses in Sweet Orange. Therefore, a participatory field survey was conducted under farmer field conditions to assess losses and measure the efficacy of different local and recommended management options to address the problem of this pest. Study consisted of two major parts: monitoring of pest population and farmer’s survey. For monitoring three orchards were selected located at different altitude i.e. 1200 masl, 1300 masl and 1400 masl. Great Fruit fly Bait (25% protein hydrolysate and 0.1% abamectin) in McPhail traps were used for monitoring. Monitoring was done in every 7 days interval and lures were changed in every 15 days for the effectiveness. Only 18.3% farmers were using protein bait for the management of fruit fly. B. minax had peak population intensity at May and was found decreasing after June so the management practices should be adopted before June to prevent the loss by fruit fly. However, for best effective control attention for monitoring and management procedures has to take place throughout the life cycle of the insect.

scholarly journals Motorized Jacquard technology for multilayer weaving damages study and reduction: Shed profile and close shed profile

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 155892501983302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Decrette ◽  
Jean-François Osselin ◽  
Jean-Yves Drean
Keyword(s):  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
High Density ◽  
Clear Effect ◽  
Glass Carbon ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Weaving Pattern ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Final Composite ◽  
Composite Reinforcements

Materials used for composite reinforcements usually have high mechanical performances which are linked to a very sensitive and brittle behaviour to friction. The weaving process applied to delicate yarns, like glass, carbon and some other technical yarns, generate damages which tend to reduce the performances of the final composite. Shedding may be a major weaving stage for the generation of yarn damages. Based on a specific weaving pattern, it was observed that different shedding configurations could influence yarn damages at the shedding step. The specificity of the motorized Jacquard device is used to generate different movements and geometry configurations. A particular methodology needed to be set in order to confirm these observations and bring out a clear effect of shedding parameters on yarn damages. After damages have been identified and classified, some experiments will count the damage occurrences and evolutions in time according to shedding parameters. The aim of this research is first to show a clear effect of shedding on warp damaging thanks to the quantification of damages and then to set out an optimized configuration of shedding parameters which may reduce deterioration involved in high-density multilayer woven fabrics.

scholarly journals Development of an Optoelectronic Sensor for Detecting and Classifying Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) for Use in Real-Time Intelligent Traps

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1254
Author(s):  
Fabiano Sandrini Moraes ◽  
Dori Edson Nava ◽  
Tiago Scheunemann ◽  
Vagner Santos da Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Beat Signal ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Optoelectronic Sensor ◽  
Fruit Growing

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) cause losses to world fruit growing. For a fast and effective control of the pest, it is necessary to identify the species and their populations. Thus, we developed an infrared optoelectronic sensor using phototransistors to capture the signal of the partial occlusion of the infrared light caused by the beating of the fly wings. Laboratory experiments were conducted using the sensor to capture the wing beat signal of A. fraterculus and C. capitata. The captured signals were used to obtain the characteristics of the flies’ wing beats frequency and for a production of a dataset made available as one of the results of this work. For the passage detection, we developed the algorithm of detection of events of passage (PEDA) that uses the root mean square (RMS) value of a sliding window applied to the signal compared to a threshold value. We developed the algorithm of detection of events of passage (CAEC) that uses the techniques of autocorrelation and Fourier transform for the extraction of the characteristics of the wings’ beat signal. The results demonstrate that it is possible to use the sensor for the development of an intelligent trap with detection and classification in real time for A. fraterculus and C. capitata using the wing beat frequency obtained by the developed sensor.

Development of Bait Stations for Fruit Fly Population Suppression

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Mangan ◽  
D. S. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bait Stations ◽  
Population Suppression

The natural regulation of giant tortoise populations on Aldabra Atoll: recruitment

1979 ◽  
Vol 286 (1011) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Density ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
First Year ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
High Density Population ◽  
Density Area ◽  
Low Density Area ◽  
Density Population

The reproductive ecology of the giant tortoise ( Geochelone gigantea Schweigger) in three isolated populations was studied for 2 years on Aldabra Atoll. Density-dependent recruitment was demonstrated. Nest destruction in the low density area was dependent on the density of mature females providing a mechanism for regulating population size. Increases in annual rainfall and the resultant increase in food availability induced an increase in mean egg mass in the low density area (and thereby total hatchling production), whereas in the high density population mean clutch size, mean egg mass, total number of nests and total hatchling production all increased significantly. Large eggs produced large hatchlings which survived better during the first year than hatchlings from small eggs. Hatchling mortality was 94 and 81 % in the first year in the high and low density populations respectively. Recruitment into the 5 year age class (after which predation is considered negligible) had almost ceased in the high density population compared with 0.44 per 100 breeding females per year in the low density population.

CEUTORHYNCHUS LITURA (F.) (COL. CURCULIONIDAE), A POTENTIAL INSECT FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF THISTLE, CIRSIUM ARVENSE (L.) SCOP., IN CANADA

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zwölfer ◽  
P. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
High Density ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Economic Plant

The suitability of Ceutorhynchus litura for the biological control of Cirsium arvense in Canada was evaluated. It is concluded that introduction of C. litura is justified on the grounds that its feeding is restricted to a group of three systematically related genera, Cirsium–Silybum–Carduus. This host pattern is highly stable, and probably prepleistocene in origin, and does not include any economic plant species. C. litura is compatible with phytophagous insects already present on C. arvense in Canada and its establishment should not prejudice the introduction of other European insects against the weed. C. litura is, however, subject to a number of ecological restrictions and is only likely to be an effective control agent in cultivated fields where it can build up a high density over several years.

scholarly journals Some enzymatic activities registered in eggs and gut tissues of the olive fruit fly, Dacus oleae (Gmelin)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Stamopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Olive Fruit Fly ◽  
Enzymatic System ◽  
Dacus Oleae ◽  
Essential Nutrients ◽  
Clear Effect ◽  
Different Content

Nineteen enzymatic activities of eggs, gut tissues of larvae and adults of Dacus oleae have been determined using the API-ZYM micromethod. The enzymatic activities of eggs were much weaker than those of larval or adult guts. The activities increased progressively to the L2 and L3. The lack of feeding caused a reduction of certain activities in larvae (alkaline phosphatase, esterases, aminopeptidases) but not in adults. The addition of streptomycin to the food of adults, to obtain “aposymbiotic” individuals, did not have a clear effect on the activities of the insect’s various stages. Although the enzymes studied were not the only ones that occur in the insect’s gut tissues, it seems that there are few similarities between the enzymatic system of larvae and that of adults, most probably because of the different content of the two diets in essential nutrients such as amino acids, proteins, and lipids.

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