Life cycle of Babesia argentina (Lignières, 1903) (Sporozoa : Piroplasmidea) in the tick vector Boophilus microplus (Canestrini)

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Riek
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Density ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Adult Tick ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Larval Attachment ◽  
Multiple Fission ◽  
High Parasite Density ◽  
High Parasite

Babesia argeutina, a protozoan parasite causing tick fever of cattle in Australia, is transmitted by Boophilus microplus. Its development in this invertebrate vector is very similar to that recorded by Riek (1964) for Babesia bigemina. Many of the parasites occurring in the bovine erythrocytes are destroyed on ingestion but the early development in the lumen of the gut is uncertain. By about 36 hr, blunt, cigar-shaped forms, 7.2–1 3.8 µ by 2.6–5.6 µ, invade the epithelial cells of the gut and subsequent development is by means of multiple fission. This leads, by about 96 hr, to the production of mature vermicules which measure about 15.8 µ by 3.0 µ, with a range of 14.3–16.9 µ by 2.8–3.5 µ. At about this time vermicules enter the mature ova of the tick, and a further cycle of multiple fission in the gut cells of the developing larva gives rise to vermicules similar to those produced in the adult tick. The final cycle takes place in the salivary glands of the larva, and the forms infective to the vertebrate host appear 2–3 days and longer after larval attachment. Multiplication in this cycle is also by multiple fission and gives rise to comparatively small numbers of infective forms measuring about 1.5 µ by 1.0 µ. Not all ticks develop an infection even after engorging on blood with a high parasite density. Certain 'strains' of Boophilus microplus seem to be more susceptible to infection than others. Heavy mortalities occurred in many ticks after ingesting blood with a parasite density of 5% or higher.

The life cycle of Babesia bigemina (Smith and Kilborne, 1893) in the tick vector Boophilus microplus (Canestrini)

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 802 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Riek
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Bovine Babesiosis ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Larval Attachment ◽  
Multiple Fission ◽  
Bovine Erythrocytes

The protozoan Babesia bigemina, a cause of tick fever in cattle, is transmitted in Australia by Boophilus microplus. Its development in the lumen of the gut of the tick during the first 24 hr after ingestion remains uncertain. It is believed, however, that most of the forms in the bovine erythrocytes are destroyed, and that only certain oval or spherical bodies survive and develop. These could be gametocytes. Invasion of the epithelial cells of the gut occurs about 24 hr after repletion, and subsequent multiplication of the parasite in these cells is by means of multiple fission. This leads, by about 72 hr, to the production of mature vermicules, which are released into the haemolymph. They measure about 11 µ by 2.5 µ, with a range of 9–13 µ by 2.0–2.9 µ. By about the fourth day, some of the vermicules invade the cells of the Malpighian tubules and of the haemolymph, and a secondary cycle of multiple fission gives rise to vermicules indistinguishable from those that had been produced in the epithelial cells of the gut. Others invade the ova of the tick, and subsequently undergo a similar cycle in the gut cells of the developing larva. The final cycle takes place in the salivary glands of the nymph, and the forms infective to the vertebrate host appear 8-10 days after larval attachment. Multiplication in this cycle is also by multiple fission, but it differs in detail from the preceding cycles. The resultant forms measure 2.2–2.7 µ by 1.0–1.5 µ, and are very similar to the pyriform bodies observed in bovine erythrocytes. Not all ticks develop an infection after engorging on a reacting animal. Infection of the invertebrate host depends, to some degree at least, on the parasite density in the blood of the bovine host. Also, cattle reacting to a tick-transmitted infection are more infective for the tick than those infected by blood inoculation. The vermicule is able to withstand low temperatures, but the earlier developmental stages in the female tick are inhibited by environmental temperature below 20°C. The distinctive characteristics of the vermicule could make this form of value in studies on the epidemiology of bovine babesiosis.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI DENGAN TINGKAT KEPADATAN PARASIT MALARIA PADA ANAK

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanette Elmerose Natalia Lee ◽  
Suryadi N. N. Tatura ◽  
Hesti Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Parasite Density ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gamma Correlation ◽  
High Parasite Density ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
High Parasite

Latar belakang: Status gizi diketahui dapat mempengaruhi kepadatan parasit malaria pada anak, sehingga melalui status gizi dapat dinilai tingkat kepadatan parasit malaria. Namun status gizi bukan merupakan satu-satunya faktor yang menyebabkan tingginya kepadatan parasit malaria, terdapat faktor lain yang turut berperan dalam hal ini. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status gizi dengan tingkat kepadatan parasit malaria. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian analititik retrospektif dengan pendekatan potong lintang (cross sectional). Sampel penelitian sebanyak 59 anak yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji koefisien korelasi Gamma. Hasil: Dari 65 anak didapatkan 59 sebagai sampel penelitian yang memnuhi kriteria inklusi. Status gizi dengan kepadatan parasit malaria didapatkan kepadatan tinggi dengan gizi kurang sebanyak 9 anak (15,3%), dengan gizi baik sebanyak 24 anak (40,7%), dengan overweight sebanyak 2 anak (3,4%) dan dengan obesitas sebanyak 2 anak (3,4%). Sedangkan kepadatan rendah dengan gizi kurang sebanyak 9 anak (8,5%), dengan gizi baik sebanyak 13 anak (22,0%), dengan overweight sebanyak 3 anak (5,1%). Dengan uji koefisien korelasi Gamma didapatkan korelasi yang sangat lemah (rG = 0,118; p = 0,632). Hasil ini menyatakan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara status gizi dengan kepadatan parasit malaria.Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara status gizi dengan tingkat kepadatan parasit malaria pada anak.Kata kunci: Malaria, kepadatan parasit, status gizi, anak.Background: Nutritional status can influence malaria parasite density in children, so from nutritional status we can evaluate malaria parasite density. Nutritional status is not the only factor which cause high malaria parasite density, there are another factors which cause this. Objective: To find out the relation between nutritional status and malaria parasite density in children. Methods: This study uses analytic retrospective method with cross –sectional design. About 59 sample qualify the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using Gamma correlation coefficient statistical test. Results: From 65 children, there are 59 children who qualify the inclusion criteria. On the analysis of nutritional status and malaria parasite density, children with high parasite density consist of 9 children (15,3%) with malnutrition, 24 children (40,7%) with good nutritional status, 2 children (3,4%) with overweight, and 2 children (3,4%) with obesity. On children with low parasite density, there are 9 children (8,5%) with malnutrition, 13 children (22,0%) with good nutritional status, and 3 children (5,1%) with overweight. Using Gamma correlation test, the study find a very weak correlation (rG = 0,118; p = 0,632). This find indicates that there is no significant relation between nutritional status and malaria parasite density. Conclusion: There is no significant relation between nutritional status and malaria parasite density in children.Keywords: Malaria, parasite density, nutritional status, children.

scholarly journals Seasonality and Malaria in a West African Village: Does High Parasite Density Predict Fever Incidence?

1997 ◽  
Vol 145 (9) ◽  
pp. 850-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bouvier ◽  
A. Rougemont ◽  
N. Breslow ◽  
O. Doumbo ◽  
V r. Delley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Density ◽  
West African ◽  
High Parasite Density ◽  
High Parasite

scholarly journals A high parasite density environment induces transcriptional changes and cell death in Plasmodium falciparum blood stages

FEBS Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (5) ◽  
pp. 848-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn S. Chou ◽  
Sabia Z. Abidi ◽  
Marian Teye ◽  
Aleksandra Leliwa‐Sytek ◽  
Thomas S. Rask ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Parasite Density ◽  
High Parasite Density ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
High Parasite

The structure of the Spiracles of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 941 ◽  
Author(s):  
HE Hinton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Adult Tick ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Peripheral Part ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Spiracular Plate

The structures of the nymphal and adult spiracles of the tick, Boophilus microplus, have been examined by means of serial sections and a stereoscan electron microscope. Contrary to the views of recent writers, the functional openings of the spiracle have been found to be holes or aeropyles in the peripheral part of the spiracular plate of the adult tick. The ostium of previous writers is shown to be the ecdysial tube, which is present only in the spiracles of adult ixodid ticks. After the nymphal-adult ecdysis, the ecdysial tube is closed. There is thus no ostium in this stage, as has been claimed by previous writers who supposed that the chief or only route for gas exchanges between the atrium of the spiracle and the ambient air was through the so-called ostium. The ecdysial process of the spiracles of ticks is shown to be basically similar to the ecdysial process of the spiracles of certain insects such as scarabaeid larvae and the larvae of some Diptera-Cyclorrhapha.

scholarly journals Babesia bovis and B. bigemina DNA detected in cattle and ticks from Zimbabwe by polymerase chain reaction

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Smeenk ◽  
P.J. Kelly ◽  
K. Wray ◽  
G. Musuka ◽  
A.J. Trees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Boophilus Decoloratus ◽  
Polymerase Chain

From blood collected from 94 cattle at 12 locations in the eastern and northeastern areas of Zimbabwe, DNA was extracted and analysed by polymerase chain reaction with primers previously reported to be specific for Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis. Overall, DNA of Babesia bigemina was detected in the blood of 33/94 (35 %) cattle and DNA from B. bovis was detected in 27/58 (47 %) of cattle. The prevalence of DNA of B. bigemina was significantly higher in young animals (<2 years) (23/46) than in animals over 2 years of age (10/48; (chi)2 = 8.77; P < 0.01 %). Although tick sampling was not thorough, Boophilus decoloratus could be collected at 7/9 sites sampled and Boophilus microplus at 4/9 sites. Of the 20 B. decoloratus allowed to oviposit before PCR analysis, 1 (5 %) contained DNA that could be amplified with primers for B. bigemina while 12 (60 %) were positive with primers for B. bovis. Of the B. microplus allowed to oviposit, 11/16 (69 %) were positive for B. bovis DNAby PCR and 2/16 (12 %) were positive for B. bigemina.

scholarly journals Incidência de Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina e Babesia bovis em bezerros no semiárido paraibano

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria M.M. Costa ◽  
Múcio Flávio B. Ribeiro ◽  
Giuliana A.F.P. Duarte ◽  
João Fábio Soares ◽  
Sergio S. Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Babesia Bigemina

RESUMO: Este estudo avaliou a incidência de infecções naturais pelos agentes da tristeza parasitária bovina (TPB), Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bovis e Babesia bigemina, em bezerros nascidos em cinco fazendas do semiárido paraibano. Em cada fazenda, foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 6 a 14 bezerros a cada 14 dias durante os primeiros 12 meses de vida de cada animal. As amostras de sangue foram processadas por microhematócrito e testadas por PCR para detecção de DNA de A. marginale, B. bovis e B. bigemina. Em paralelo, foram quantificadas as infestações por carrapatos nos bovinos nas cinco fazendas, assim como as populações de tabanídeos em três fazendas. De 41 bezerros monitorados durante o primeiro ano de vida, 25 (61,0%) apresentaram PCR positivo para A. marginale, 7 (17,1%) para B. bigemina e 3 (7,3%) para B. bovis. Os valores de incidência da infecção por A. marginale variaram de 83,3% a 100% em quatro fazendas. A infecção por B. bigemina ocorreu em bezerros de apenas duas fazendas (incidências de 12,5% e 85,7%) e a por B. bovis em apenas uma (incidência de 42,8%). Em uma fazenda os 14 bezerros permaneceram negativos para A. marginale, B. bigemina e B. bovis durante os 12 meses de acompanhamento. Os resultados de PCR foram confirmados por sequenciamento de DNA de produtos amplificados. A presença de carrapatos Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus foi verificada somente em duas propriedades, nas quais houve infecção por A. marginale, B. bigemina e B. bovis (este último agente em apenas uma delas). Foram capturados 930 tabanídeos no estudo, a maioria durante os períodos de chuvas na região; 70,7% dos tabanídeos corresponderam a Tabanus claripennis. Houve associação significativa entre PCR positivo para A. marginale ou B. bigemina e menores valores de hematócrito. Este estudo demonstra que, mesmo avaliando apenas cinco propriedades rurais, a incidência dos agentes da TPB ocorreu de forma heterogênea na região, corroborando o status de área de instabilidade enzoótica para TPB previamente relatado para o semiárido paraibano.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document