Validation of the Urban Walkability Perception Questionnaire (UWPQ) in the Balearic Islands

Within the context of promoting the “healthy routes” program, the aim of this study was to validate the urban walkability perception questionnaire (UWPQ) in the Balearic Islands to determine the characteristics of the urban environment that promote walking among the population. The UWPQ measures pedestrian facilities, infrastructures of the environment, perception of safety and a participant’s general opinion. This process was performed in 12 routes predefined by a community participation program and set around the primary health centers. Degree of correlation between the items was calculated. The final internal consistency was 0.8 in all blocks according to the Cronbach’s alpha test (p < 0.01). Goodman and Kruskal–gamma correlation coefficient (γ) between the item measuring the general opinion and the rest of the items was significant. The items from the perception of safety and pedestrian facilities blocks were the ones that most affected the final assessment. Those regarding the pedestrian-only pavements, clearly marked pavements, noise, traffic density and parks condition obtained the lowest coefficients. To conclude, the results showed that the UWPQ is a suitable instrument to assess the degree of adequacy of the urban environment for walking. It could contribute to create healthy environments as well as to improve public policies.

Correlation Between Stress Level And Juvenile Delinquency Level in Students of Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan 1 Kuripan, West Lombok

ABSTRACTJuvenile delinquency is a kind of behavior that deviates from the norms prevailing in society. One factor that can affect the level of juvenile delinquency is stress. This study aimed to investigated the correlation between stress level and juvenile delinquency level in students of Sekolah Menegah Kejuruan (SMK) 1 Kuripan, West Lombok. This was cross-sectional involving 51 students of second and third-grade at Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) 1 Kuripan, West Lombok. The data collected in this study were age, gender, stress level, and juvenile delinquency level. Stress level was measured using DASS-42 instrument, while juvenile delinquency level was measured using ASRDS instrument. The correlation between stress level and juvenile delinquency level was analyzed using Gamma correlation test and the correlation was significant if p<0.05. Most of the subjects showed mild stress levels (62%) and normal delinquency levels (78%).There was no significant correlation between stress levels and juvenile delinquency levels (p=0.076). In conclusion, stress level in students of SMK 1 Kuripan did not correlated to juvenile delinquency level.Keywords: Stress level, juvenile delinquency level, DASS-42 instrument, ASRDS instrument.

VALIDASI HFIAS (HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY ACCESS SCALE) DALAM MENGUKUR KETAHANAN PANGAN: KASUS PADA RUMAH TANGGA PERKOTAAN DAN PERDESAAN DI SULAWESI SELATAN

ABSTRACT Many indicators are used to measure food security. The most commonly used measurements are food recall, anthropometric indicators or health data, which have also been used in several studies. However, all these indicators have weaknesses such as data collection and analysis that are impractical and relatively expensive to implement. For this reason, a method that is easier, simpler, and cheaper to implement is needed. This study aims to analyze the validation of measures of food security with the HFIAS method to Maxwell's method in urban and rural households in South Sulawesi. This study used a cross sectional design. Sampling using purposive sampling with a sample size of 170 households. The data analysis performed is the gamma correlation test. The results showed that the results of the gamma correlation between the level of household food security using the HFIAS method for the Maxwell method obtained p = 0.000 with a value of r = 0.408. The conclusion of the study is that the HFIAS method can be used as a method of measuring food security because it is easier and more practical. Keywords: methods, food insecurity, household, food security, validation ABSTRAK Banyak indikator yang digunakan untuk mengukur ketahanan pangan. Pengukuran yang paling sering digunakan yaitu recall pangan, indikator antropometri atau data kesehatan, yang juga telah digunakan dalam beberapa studi. Namun, semua indikator tersebut memiliki kelemahan seperti pengumpulan dan analisis data yang tidak praktis dan relatif mahal untuk diimplementasikan. Untuk itu, diperlukan metode yang lebih mudah, sederhana, dan lebih murah untuk diterapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis validasi ukuran ketahanan pangan dengan metode HFIAS terhadap metode Maxwell pada rumah tangga perkotaan dan perdesaan di Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Penarikan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan besar sampel 170 rumah tangga. Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah uji korelasi gamma. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil korelasi gamma antara tingkat ketahanan pangan rumah tangga menggunakan metode HFIAS terhadap metode Maxwell diperoleh p=0.000 dengan nilai r=0.408. Kesimpulan dari penelitian bahwa metode HFIAS dapat digunakan sebagai metode pengukuran ketahanan pangan karena lebih mudah dan lebih praktis. [Penel Gizi Makan 2019, 42(1):11-20] Kata kunci: metode, rawan pangan, rumah tangga, tahan pangan, validasi

Knowledge Monitoring Calibration: Individual Differences in Sensitivity and Specificity as Predictors of Academic Achievement

Knowledge monitoring is an important metacognitive process, which can help students improve study habits and thereby increase academic performance. Which is more useful in predicting test performance: knowing what you know, or knowing what you do not know? Two distinct constructs of knowledge monitoring calibration, sensitivity and specificity, were used along with the more traditional Goodman-Kruskal gamma correlation to predict performance on tests in an undergraduate educational psychology course. The gamma correlation provides a measure of how good one is at judging both items one knows and items one does not. Measures of sensitivity and specificity distinguish between the two. Students in an undergraduate educational psychology course completed a 50-word knowledge monitoring assessment to measure sensitivity, specificity, and gamma. These measures were then correlated with test and final exam scores in the course. It was found that sensitivity, a measure of correctly identifying known items, was the most useful in predicting overall test scores as well as final exam scores. Specificity, on the other hand, had no significant impact on exam performance. Results suggest that sensitivity and specificity may be more meaningful measures of knowledge monitoring calibration when it comes to predicting academic achievement, as well as being better adapted for missing values in any one cell of the data. Further research is recommended to determine in what other situations the measures of sensitivity and specificity may be useful. Findings presented in this study can also be used to help guide attempts to improve student metacognition and strategies.

DUKUNGAN SOSIAL DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN IDE BUNUH DIRI PADA MAHASISWA RANTAU

Mahasiswa rantau mengalami berbagai perubahan dalam kehidupannya. Dimulai dari perbedaan kebudayaan, perpisahan dengan keluarga, serta adaptasi dengan lingkungan kampus. Ketidakmampuan mahasiswa untuk beradaptasi dapat berdampak pada masalah kesehatan jiwa seperti ide bunuh diri. Dukungan sosial yang rendah dapat menjadi salah satu faktor yang dapat menyebabkan munculnya ide bunuh diri pada mahasiswa rantau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan sosial dengan ide bunuh diri pada mahasiswa rantau Universitas Indonesia khususnya yang berasal dari daerah Jawa Tengah. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain penelitian analitik korelatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional pada 239 mahasiswa rantau. Instrumen pada penelitian ini adalah kuesioner Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) untuk sumber dukungan sosial serta Suicide Ideation Scale (SSI) untuk ide bunuh diri. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisa univariat dan bivariat dengan uji korelasi gamma. Uji korelasi gamma digunakan untuk melihat ada tidaknya hubungan serta kekuatan hubungan pada dua variabel yang setingkat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan signifikan dengan kekuatan sedang antara dukungan sosial dengan ide bunuh diri pada mahasiswa rantau dengan nilai p value yaitu 0,000 (p value ≤ 0,05, r= -0,533). Skrining kesehatan mental, pendidikan kesehatan, dan meningkatkan dukungan sosial perlu dilakukan untuk mempertahankan status kesehatan mental serta mencegah munculnya masalah ide bunuh diri pada mahasiswa rantau. Kata kunci: Dukungan sosial, ide bunuh diri, mahasiswa rantau SOCIAL SUPPORT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE SUICIDE IDEAS AMONG MIGRANT STUDENTS ABSTRACTMigrant students experience various changes in their lives. Starting from cultural differences, separation from family, and also adaptation to the campus environment. The inability of students to adapt can have an impact on mental health problems such as suicide ideas. Low social support can be one of the factors that can lead to the idea of suicide in migrant students. This research was conducted to find the correlation between social support and suicide ideas among migrant students at Universitas Indonesia,, especially those from Central Java. The methodology of this research is correlative analytic research design with a cross sectional approach to 239 migrant students. The instrument in this study was Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) questionnaire for sources of social support and the Suicide Ideation Scale (SSI) for suicide ideas. Data analysis used is univariate and bivariate analysis with gamma correlation test. The gamma correlation test is used to see whether there is a correlation and the strength of the correlation on two equal variables. The result of this research shows the significant correlation with medium strength between social support and suicide ideas among migrant students with a p value of 0,000 (p value ≤ 0.05, r=0,533). Mental health screening, health education, and increasing social support need to be done to maintain mental health status and prevent the suicide ideas problems among migrant students. Keywords:social support, suicide ideas, migrant students

Milk Consumption Correlates with Body Height in Children

Growth in children is very important because it affects a person's height as an adult.Qualified and adequate nutrition play a significant role in growth. Adequate milk consumptioncan affect bone growth which ultimately affects height and helps reduce the risk of bone loss.The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between milk consumption andheight in children. This study is an analytic observational study, involving 126 subjects aged 6-9 years from an elementary school in Bandung. The sample was taken by whole samplingtechnique. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires and height measurements. Thedata was analyzed using the Gamma correlation test. The statistical results showed a significantrelationship between the frequency of milk consumption and height (p = 0.044) with a mediumcorrelation coefficient (r = 0.430) and a positive correlation direction which meant an increasein the frequency of milk consumption along with the increasing height in children aged 6-9years. We concluded that milk consumption correlates with body height in children.Keywords: milk consumption, body height, children, correlation

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN SERUM PSA LEVEL AND PROSTATE HISTOLOGIC AGGRESSIVENESS WITH PROSTATIC VOLUME IN BPH PATIENTS

Objective: Prostate inflammation is one of pathophysiology of prostate hyperplasia in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). There are several factor that involved in prostatic inflammation, such as prostate specific antigen (PSA) that play a role as an autoantigen. The objective of this study was to assess the correlation between free PSA level with prostate histologic aggressiveness, and also the correlation between prostate histologic aggressiveness with prostatic volume in BPH patients. Material & Methods: The design of this study was cross-sectional analytic observational study to determine correlation between serum PSA level with prostatic aggressiveness, and prostatic volume with prostatic aggressiveness. This study was performed from June to November 2016 in Sanglah Public Hospital, Surya Husadha, Balimed, Bhakti Rahayu, and Ganesa Hospital. Eighty three patients with BPH undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) were recruited. Results: The result of gamma correlation analysis using Chi-square of PSA level with aggressiveness (p=0.000) and aggressiveness with prostatic volume (p=0.012). Conclusion: Serum PSA level were correlated with prostatic aggressiveness. Prostatic aggressiveness also correlated with prostatic volume.

The Association Between Self-Rated Fitness and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adults

To assess criterion validity of a single item question on self-rated physical fitness against objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness. From the Health2008 study 749 men and women between 30 and 60 years of age rated their fitness as excellent, very good, good, fair or poor. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated with the watt-max test. Agreement between self-rated and objectively measured physical fitness was assessed by Cohen’s weighted kappa coefficient. Correlation was determined by Goodman & Kruskal’s gamma correlation coefficient. All analyses were stratified according to gender. Data from 323 men and 426 women were analysed. There was a slight agreement between self-rated and objectively measured fitness in men (weighted kappa: 0.18, [95%CI: 0.13;0.23]) and a fair agreement in women (weighted kappa: 0.27, [95%CI: 0.22;0.32]). In both genders, self-rated fitness was positively correlated with objectively measured fitness (moderate correlation; gamma correlation coefficient for men: 0.63 [95%CI: 0.54;0.72] and women: 0.67 [95%CI: 0.59;0.75]). There was a slight to fair agreement and moderate, positive correlations between self-rated physical fitness and watt-max estimated cardiorespiratory fitness. Hence, a single-item question on physical fitness may be a cost-effective method of assessing fitness in large population studies, but is not valid for individual assessments.

ACCENTUATED PERSONALITIES RELATED TO DAILY CIGARETTES SMOKING IN ROMANIAN COLLEGE STUDENTS – A CASE-CONTROL STUDY

Objective: In the study conducted accentuated personalities related to daily cigarette smoking in college students were investigated.Material of study consisted in a case-sample of 349 daily smokers (49.3% females, 50.7% males) and a control-sample of 880 non-smokers (65.3% women, 34.7% men) from an initial group of 1364 (aged 19-30 years) surveyed students.The method was an observational case-control inquiry with two questionnaires applying: Health Questionnaire (60 items-8 items for smoking) and Accentuated Personalities Questionnaire (88 items, alpha-Crohnbach index-0.823). Statistical analysis (chi square and gamma correlation) was performed by SPSS 20 Program.Results: Three accentuated personalities were more prominent in daily smokers in comparison with nonsmokers and were related to daily-smoking with statistical significance: IV-unruly (answers to items: S30–χ2=14.73, γ=0.23; S42-χ2=30.25, γ=0.36; and S52-χ2=32.71, γ=0.35; Sig.0.000), I-demonstrative (S7-χ2=18.89, γ=0.27; S44-χ2=16.24, γ=0.27; and S88-χ2=20.05, γ=0.27; Sig.0.000) and VII-cyclothymic nature (S72-χ2=32.24, γ=0.35; Sig.0.000).CONCLUSION: a relation between accentuated personalities and cigarette smoking is suggested.

Hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan orang tua dengan keparahan infeksi virus dengue pada anak Di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

The infection of dengue virus is transmitted through the vector bite of mosquito Stegomiya aegipty and Stegomiya albopictus, The most dominant in Indonesia is serotype DEN-3. There are several factors that cause the transmission of dengue virus infection, they are: agent factor, intermediary vector, host factor and environmental factor. Prevention is needed to avoid the occurrence of disease and severity of dengue virus infection. Prevention is related with host factor, that is knowledge, attitude, behavior and action taken and one of the factors that influence this is education level. The aim of this research is to find out the correlation between the education level of parents with the severity of dengue virus infection on children in Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. The method of this research is an analytic retrospective research with cross-sectional approach, the data was obtained by collecting data of medical records as secondary data. The data was analyzed by Gamma correlation test, obtained the value of p = 0.011 stating that there is a correlation between father's education level and severity of dengue virus infection. And also obtained the value of p = 0.002 stating that there is a correlation between mother's education level and severity of dengue virus infection.Keywords: education level, dengue virus infection, children. Abstrak: Infeksi virus dengue ditularkan melalui gigitan vektor nyamuk Stegomiya aegipty dan Stegomiya albopictus, di Indonesia dengan serotype DEN-3 yang paling dominan. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang memegang peranan pada penularan infeksi virus dengue yaitu faktor agent, vektor perantara, faktor host dan faktor lingkungan. Pencegahan diperlukan untuk mencegah terjadinya penyakit dan keparahan infeksi virus dengue. Pencegahan berkaitan dengan faktor host yaitu pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku serta tindakan yang dilakukan dan salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi hal tersebut yaitu tingkat pendidikan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan orang tua dengan keparahan infeksi virus dengue pada anak di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik retrospektif dengan pendekatan potong lintang, data diperoleh dengan cara mengumpulkan data rekam medik sebagai data sekunder. Data dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Gamma, diperoleh nilai p = 0,011 yang menyatakan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat pendidikan ayah dan keparahan infeksi virus dengue. Dan diperoleh juga nilai p = 0,002 yang menyatakan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat pendidikan ibu dan keparahan infeksi virus dengue. Kata kunci: tingkat pendidikan, infeksi virus dengue, anak