Emergence of Medicago tribuloides on moderately acid soils

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Kleinig
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Viable Seeds

Field establishment of Medicago tribuloides Desr. on moderately acid, light textured soils varied from 98% to less than 10% of untreated viable seeds sown. Seed and seedling mortality occurred mainly in the pre-emergence stage. Where emergence was poor, under conditions of low temperature or high soil moisture, or both, considerable improvement resulted from using a seed fungicide or a soil fumigant, or coating seeds with alkaline inorganic materials, of which calcium carbonate was the most effective. Under adverse conditions of temperature and rainfall, improved emergence occurred at higher soil pH values. The results indicate that pathogenic soil organisms caused pre-emergence seed and seedling mortality, and that temperature, rainfall, soil pH, and seed coating (through its pH effect) influenced pathogen activity or the susceptibility of the seedling to pathogenic attack.

The effect of soil pH on potassium intensity and release of non-exchangeable potassium to ryegrass

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Islam ◽  
J. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Small Constant ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
Exchangeable Form

Ryegrass was used to remove potassium from two acid soils limed to different pH values. Most non-exchangeable potassium was removed from the unlimed soils (pH 4·5) but differences in removal between pH 5·5 and 7·0 were small. Air-drying the soils after cropping released further potassium into the exchangeable form in amounts independent of soil pH.Equilibrium potassium activity ratios (ARK) after each out declined to small constant values characteristic of the soils. A sandy soil (Woburn) initially contained less exchangeable potassium than a soil with more clay (Sawyers), but after a few crops, ARK, % K in the grass and K uptakes per cut were larger from Woburn soil, showing that non-exchangeable potassium was being released faster than in the other soil.

Soil pH and aluminium and their spatial variation in Western Australian acidic soils

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Dolling ◽  
WM Porter ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Surface Soil Ph

Thirty-eight sites on acid soils (pH<5.5, 1:5 in water) in the medium rainfall region of Western Australia were sampled to examine spatial variation in soil pH and 0.01 mol/L CaCl2-extractable aluminium. We also examined the relationship between (i) the A1 and A2 horizon soil pH, (ii) the A1 and A2 horizon extractable aluminium, (iii) surface and subsurface soil pH and (iv) surface soil and subsurface soil-extractable Al. Soil at each site generally had a light-textured layer overlying a clay layer at varying depths (30-70 cm) and was classified as either Dy 5.21 or Dy 5.41 (Northcote 1979). Over 80% of the sites had surface soil pH values 4.8 or lower and extractable aluminium concentrations 2 �g/g or higher. There was a very poor correlation (r2 = 0.21) between the A1 horizon soil aluminium extracted in 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 and the pH measured in 0.01 mol/L CaCl2 over 1 ha sites. The relationship was slightly improved in the A2 horizon (r2 = 0.49). The coefficients of variation of soil pH varied from 1.2 to 5.1%, while the coefficients of variation for CaCl2-extractable aluminium varied from 10 to 50%. At many of the sites, low pH values and high aluminium concentrations extended down to 35-45 cm. At the B horizon the pH values generally increased and the aluminium concentrations decreased. The surface soil pH and extractable aluminium were not good indicators (r2 = 0.09-0.60) of the subsurface soil pH and extractable aluminium.

The pH of Puerto Rican Soils Used for Principal Crops

1969 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
George Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Acid Range

The pH values of the soils of Puerto Rico were determined with the following results: 1. About 80 percent of the soils were acid (below pH 7) and 50 percent were below pH 6, which was acid enough to require liming. 2. Most of the soils planted to bananas were pH 6 and above. 3. The pH range for brushland was wide, extending from acid to alkaline. 4. Eighty percent of the soils of the coconut plantations were above pH 6. 5. Coffee soils, in general, were acid, with 63 percent below pH 6, of which 49 percent were in the range pH 5.0 to 5.9 and 13 percent in the very acid range of pH 4.0 to 4.9. 6. The pH of soils planted to corn varied widely. 7. The small cotton acreage had a pH range of 5.0 to 5.9. 8. The soils planted to grapefruit had 57 percent of their acreage at pH 4.0 to 4.9 and 29 percent in the range pH 5.0 to 5.9. 9. The natural pastures had 75 percent of their soil at pH below 6, whereas improved and rotational pastures had only 39 percent below pH 6. 10. Pineapples were planted in acid soils, 75 percent of which were below pH 6. 11. The majority, 68 percent, of the plantains were grown in acid soils below pH 6. 12. Root-crop soils had a systematic distribution throughout the range of pH from below 4 to above 8. 13. Most soils used for soilage (cut grass) had a pH above 6. 14. Eighty-one percent of the sugarcane acreage was found to be in the range of pH 5 to 8. About 36 percent of the cane acreage was below pH 5.5 and in need of liming. 15. Tobacco was grown primarily on acid soils, with 61 percent of its acreage on those below pH 6. 16. No vegetables were found in soils with a pH below 5, and 50 percent were planted in soils with a pH above 6. 17. The pH range for woodland soil was distributed rather evenly from a pH 5 to 7.9. 18. The average pH and range of pH of the soils of Puerto Rico are presented, by soil series, and several examples are given of the relationship between soil pH and soil series.

scholarly journals Some negative chemical properties of acid soils

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miodrag Jakovljevic ◽  
Mirjana Kresovic ◽  
Srdjan Blagojevic ◽  
Svetlana Antic-Mladenovic
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Strong Inhibition ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Inhibition Of Nitrification ◽  
Influence Of Ph

Some important chemical properties of various samples of two types of acid soil from Western Serbia (pseudogley and brown forest) are presented in this paper. Mobile Al was found in elevated and toxic quantities (10?30 mg/100 g) in the more acid samples of pseudogley soil. All samples of brown forest soil were very acid and the quantities of mobile Al were in the range from 12.8 to 90.0 mg/100 g. In a selected number of pseudogley soils, the influence of pH and other soil properties on the mineralization and nitrification processes was investigated. Strong inhibition of nitrification at low soil pH was found to be related to high quantities of mobile Al. At pH values less than 4.0 (in 1 M KCl), processes of chemical nitrification and denitrification of applied nitrites were registered in the pseudogley soils. .

WATER-SOLUBLE AND EXCHANGEABLE ALUMINUM IN ACID SOILS AS AFFECTED BY LIMING AND FERTILIZATION

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. MacLeod ◽  
L. P. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Exchangeable Aluminum ◽  
High Fertilization ◽  
Surface Soil Ph ◽  
Representative Samples

The concentration of water-soluble and exchangeable aluminum was determined in the 0–15-, 15–23-, 23–30- and 30–45-cm depths of a Podzol limed to provide surface soil pH values ranging from 4.5 to 7.2. Both soluble and exchangeable Al decreased with increasing soil pH. Soluble Al ranged from 5.7 ppm at pH 4.4 with high fertilization to 0.3 ppm at pH 6.5 with similar fertilization. Increasing the rate of fertilization at pH 4.5 raised the soluble Al from 2.6 to 5.7 ppm. Fertilization still doubled the soluble Al in soil at pH 5.1 but had little effect as the pH was raised further to 5.8 and 6.5. Soluble Al in the subsoil samples was less than in surface soil samples at the same pH, while with exchangeable Al, the concentration was greater in the subsoil than in the surface soil samples.There was not a direct relationship between pH and soluble Al, although the highest soluble Al concentrations occurred at lowest soil pH levels. Analyses of 30 representative samples of surface soil taken from farmers' fields showed that the soluble Al concentration at pH 4.0 ranged from 3.5 to 4.8 ppm, while at a pH of 5.0 it ranged from 0.2 to 2.8 ppm. The concentrations of soluble Al in many of these soils exceeded the levels previously shown by nutrient solution experiments to severely restrict growth of legumes and some varieties of barley.

Differential tolerance of genotypes of Medicago truncatula to low pH

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bounejmate ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Acid Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Commercial Cultivar ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Growth and nodulation of five Moroccan ecotypes of Medicago truncatula Gaertn. Collected from soils of different pH, Medicago truncatula cv. Cyprus and Medicago murex Willd. cv. Zodiac, were compared in soil and solution at different pH values. The seven genotypes tested varied greatly in their ability to grow and nodulate on acid soils. Increasing soil pH from 4.5 to 5.4 increased the shoot dry weight of Cyprus and three M. truncatula ecotypes but not Zodiac and two M. truncatula ecotypes. Cultivar Cyprus, with a shoot dry weight at pH 4.5 only 58% of that at pH 5.4, was the most affected by acidity. Nodulation was the most sensitive step as nodule numbers decreased with increasing acidity for sensitive genotypes. Several genotypes were more able to nodulate at low pH than the commercial cultivar Cyprus. Acid tolerance was not restricted to genotypes occurring naturally in acid soils.

EFFETS DES DOSES DE MANGANESE, D’ALUMINIUM, DES REGIMES HYDRIQUES ET DU pH DES SOLS SUR LES RENDEMENTS DE LUZERNE ET SUR L’ASSIMILABILITE DU MANGANESE ET DE L’ALUMINIUM

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. DIONNE ◽  
A. R. PESANT
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Saturation Point ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
A Value ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
High Level

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ’Saranac’) was grown on Ste. Rosalie clay, Greensboro loam and St. Jude sand adjusted to about pH 5.0, 6.5 and 7.5 in a greenhouse experiment, to determine the changes in response of alfalfa to aluminum and manganese resulting from variations in soil pH and soil moisture. Rates of Mn were equivalent to 0 and 200 kg∙ha−1 and rates of Al were 0, and 100 kg∙ha−1. Three soil moisture regimes were used: (1) Optimum with soil moisture between field capacity (FC) and 70% of this value. (2) Wet: with soil moisture between saturation point (SP) and FC. (3) Very wet: with soil moisture between saturation point and a value half way between SP and FC. Manganese applied on acid soils (pH 5.2) under optimum soil moisture regimes decreased alfalfa yields by 3% only, compared to a 62% decrease in alfalfa yields by Mn applied on acid soils of the two high soil moisture regimes. This was due to a high level of Mn in alfalfa on the wet acid soils. A large quantity of aluminum was also found in alfalfa grown in acid soils along with a high concentration of "extractable" aluminum. This resulted in a 54% reduction of alfalfa yields. Content of Al and Mn in alfalfa top and in soils was decreased sharply by liming soils at pH of 6.5 or 7.5. On soils limed to a pH of about 7.0 alfalfa survived at high levels of Mn and Al such as frequently encountered in some acid and very wet soils. Key words: Soil Mn, soil Al, soil pH, soil moisture, alfalfa

scholarly journals Effect of the Soil pH on the Alkaloid Content ofLupinus angustifolius

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Jansen ◽  
Hans-Ulrich Jürgens ◽  
Edgar Schliephake ◽  
Frank Ordon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Alkaloid Content ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Growing Seasons

Field studies were conducted in growing seasons 2004, 2005, and 2010 to investigate the effect of different soil pH values on the alkaloid content in seeds ofLupinus angustifolius. Two-year experiments with eleven cultivars were carried out in acid soils with an average ofpH=5.8(Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania) and on calcareous soils with an average pH of 7.1 (Bavaria), respectively. In addition, in 2010, eight cultivars were grown in field experiments in soils with pH values varying betweenpH=5.3andpH=6.7. In all experiments conducted on soils with a higher pH (pH=6.7andpH=7.1), a significantly lower alkaloid content was detected in allLupinus angustifoliuscultivars than on soils with a lower pH (pH=5.3andpH=5.8). Results clearly show that the alkaloid content is significantly influenced by the soil pH but genotypic differences regarding the reaction to different pH values in the soil were observed.

EFFECTS OF SOIL ACIDITY ON RHIZOBIA NUMBERS, NODULATION AND NITROGEN FIXATION BY ALFALFA AND RED CLOVER

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. RICE ◽  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

The effects of soil acidity on nitrogen fixation by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were investigated in field experiments at 28 locations, and in greenhouse experiments using soils from these locations. The pH of the soils (limed and unlimed) varied from 4.5 to 7.2. Rhizobia populations in the soil, nodulation, and relative forage yields (yield without N/yield with N) were measured in both the field and greenhouse experiments. Rhizobium meliloti numbers, nodulation scores, and relative yields of alfalfa decreased sharply as the pH of the soils decreased below 6.0. For soils with pH 6.0 or greater, there was very little effect of pH on any of the above factors for alfalfa. Soil pH in the range studied had no effect on nodulation scores and relative yields of red clover. However, R. trifolii numbers were reduced when the pH of the soil was less than 4.9. These results demonstrate that hydrogen ion concentration is an important factor limiting alfalfa growth on acid soils of Alberta and northeastern British Columbia, but it is less important for red clover. This supports the continued use of measurements of soil pH, as well as plant-available Al and Mn for predicting crop response to lime.

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SOIL ACIDITY PROBLEM IN ALBERTA AND NORTHEASTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG ◽  
P. B. HOYT ◽  
W. A. RICE ◽  
B. SIEMENS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Crop Species

The amount of cultivated acid soil in Alberta and northeastern British Columbia was estimated from pH values of farm samples analyzed by the Alberta Soil Testing Laboratory, and the effect of soil acidity on crops was assessed from field experiments on 28 typical acid soils. The field experiments consisted of two cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and one cultivar each of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown with and without lime for 2 yr. There are about 30,000 ha of soils with a pH of 5.0 or less where soil acidity seriously restricts yields of all four crop species. There are approximately 300,000 ha with a soil pH of 5.1–5.5 where liming will on the average increase yields of alfalfa by 100%, yields of barley by 10–15%, and yields of rapeseed and red clover by 5–10%. There are a further 1,600,000 ha where soil pH ranges from 5.6 to 6.0 and liming will increase yields of alfalfa by approximately 50% and yields of barley, rapeseed and red clover by at least 4–5%.

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