Copper deficiency symptoms of some tropical and temperate pasture legumes

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 654 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Partial Dehydration ◽  
Initial Symptoms

Foliar symptoms of copper deficiency shown by five tropical and five temperate pasture legumes are described. The descriptions are sufficiently diverse to permit individual treatment. The more succulent species showed severe chlorosis and necrosis of leaves, whereas the less succulent ones showed chlorosis followed by leaf abscission and little necrosis. Species within a genus developed somewhat similar symptoms. The initial symptoms of copper deficiency in the Trifolium species in particular were wilting and partial dehydration. The implications of copper deficiency on wilting are discussed.

Effectiveness of soil dressings and foliar sprays of copper sulphate in correcting copper deficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Queensland

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (107) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Grundon
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth

One field and two glasshouse trials were conducted to test the effectiveness of soil and foliar applications of copper sulphate in correcting copper deficiency of wheat on a severely deficient, nearneutral clay soil in the Western Downs region of Queensland. In the field, when wheat was stressed for water from late tillering (Feekes stage 5) to anthesis (Feekes stage 11) , soil dressings of 2.5-10.0 kg CuSO4.5H2O ha-1 increased early vegetative growth but foliar symptoms of copper deficiency reappeared during stem elongation, and grain yields were negligible at all rates. A single foliar spray of 2% CuSO4.5H2O applied at mid-tillering (Feekes stage 3) also did not correct the deficiency completely: foliar symptoms reappeared and grain yield was low (141 kg ha-1). A double spray treatment, the first applied at mid-tillering and the second just before booting (Feekes stage 10), was more effective and resulted in a grain yield of 800 kg ha-1. In a glasshouse experiment supplied with adequate water, a soil dressing equivalent to 16 kg CuSO4.5H2O ha-1 (3.2 mg Culpot) completely corrected the deficiency. In a second glasshouse experiment, 2% CuSO4.5H2O solution was applied as single sprays at Feekes stages 3, 8, 9, 10 or 11, or as double sprays at Feekes stages 3 + 8, 3 + 9, 3 + 10 or 3 + 11. The most effective single spray was that applied at Feekes stage 10, but maximum dry matter and grain yield were obtained when a double spray was applied at Feekes stage 3 + 10. The effectiveness of soil and foliar applications of CuSO4.5H2O for correcting Cu deficiency of dryland wheat in Queensland soils are discussed in relation to water regime and supplying adequate Cu for both vegetative and reproductive growth.

The effect of copper supply on vegetative and seed yield of pasture legumes and the field calibration of a tissue test for detecting copper deficiency. II. Strawberry clover (Trifolium fragiferum L.)

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 833
Author(s):  
JD McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Critical Range ◽  
Matter Production

Seven rates of copper were applied to the soil prior to the sowing of strawberry clover (Trifolium fragiferumL. cv. Palestine) on an alkaline peat deficient in copper. Symptoms of copper deficiency were evident only on the untreated plots where the clover did not set seed nor persist into the second year.Over five years� production, 1.0 kg Cu/ha continued to provide adequate copper, with regular dressings of superphosphate, for maximum dry matter production and seed yield. It was found that seed yield was more sensitive than vegetative dry matter yield to sub-optimal copper supply. At the lowest rate of applied copper (0.125 kg/ha), the vegetative yield ranged from 53% to 80% of the maximum harvest yield, whereas the seed yield ranged from 15% to 50% of maximum yield.For tissue sampled in the spring, the proposed critical range for copper concentration in the youngest open leaf (YOL) for vegetative dry matter production is 3-35 mg Cu/kg whereas that for seed production is 4.5-5.5 mg Cu/kg. At other times of the year the critical concentrations were higher. It was not clear if this was due to environmental conditions or changing internal requirements for copper.The critical copper concentration range in whole top (WT) tissue of 3.0-4.0 mg/kg for vegetative dry matter production could be applied to all samplings. For seed yield the critical range for copper concentration in WT was 4.0-5.0 mg/kg for the spring harvests. The critical copper concentration in seed for seed production was 5.0-6.0 mg/kg. In the pasture situation a critical concentration of 5.0-6.0 mg Cu/kg in the WT should be adopted when the animal requirement is considered.

scholarly journals Mineral-Deficiency Symptoms Displayed by Papaya Plants Grown under Controlled Conditions

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-423
Author(s):  
Héctor R. Cibes ◽  
Socorro Gaztambide
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Mineral Deficiency ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Missing Element

Deficiency symptoms caused by lack of macro- and micronutrient elements were induced on papaya trees grown in sand culture in the greenhouse. The elements used in the study were N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, and B. Lack of N and P depressed overall growth markedly, while the absence of K and Ca caused pronounced foliar symptoms. Among the micronutrients, B deficiency had the greatest influence in depressing growth and root development. Deficiencies of S, Fe, Mg, and Mn failed to retard growth or root development. Flowers set under the minus K, S, Mg, Mn, and the complete solution treatments. However, only the plants in the minus K and minus Mn treatments produced fruits. The concentration of the particular missing element in leaf tissues was lower in plants from the respective deficiency treatment than in control plants. Plants in the minus B treatment showed abnormal growth, reminiscent of papaya plants affected by the bunchy-top disease. However, latex flow was normal in B-deficient plants.

scholarly journals Foliar-applied Molybdenum for Preventing or Correcting Molybdenum Deficiency of Poinsettia

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 894-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Interveinal Chlorosis ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Fertilizer Solution

`Annette Hegg Brilliant Diamond' poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Kl.) was grown in an unlimed growth medium consisting of equal volumes of sphagnum peat and perlite and received a fertilizer solution supplying all micronutrients except Mo. Plants were untreated or foliage was sprayed with solutions of 1, 10, or 100 mg Mo/liter 5, 8, or 11 weeks after pinching. Untreated plants developed foliar symptoms of Mo deficiency (marginal and interveinal chlorosis, marginal necrosis, and downward curling), and leaf tissue contained Mo below the critical level of 0.5 μg·g-1 and NO3-N > 1.0%. Treatment at 5 or 8 weeks largely prevented deficiency symptoms, increased tissue Mo, and reduced tissue NO3-N. Molybdenum deficiency symptoms were in the early stages of development on the day of treatment when plants were sprayed at 11 weeks. Molybdenum sprays at this time increased tissue Mo and reduced tissue NO3-N but did not eliminate the symptoms. However, when the experiment was completed 15 weeks after pinching, the number of leaves showing symptoms was about one-half that of untreated plants. Increasing the concentration of Mo in the spray solution increased the concentration of Mo in the leaves but had no effect on NO3-N.

scholarly journals NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES OF ALLAMANDA NERIFOLIA

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 511D-511
Author(s):  
James L. Gibson ◽  
Jude Groninger ◽  
Sharon Wombles ◽  
Kathryn Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Greenish Yellow ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Nutritional Monitoring ◽  
Plastic Containers

Elemental deficiencies of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, or B were induced in plants of Allamanda nerifolia. Rooted stem cuttings were planted in 4.87-L plastic containers and fertilized with a complete modified Hoagland's solution or this solution minus the element that was to be investigated. Plants were harvested to measure dry weights when initial foliar symptoms were expressed and later under advanced deficiency symptoms. Deficiency symptoms for all treatments were observed within 6 weeks. The most dramatic expression of foliar symptoms occurred with N (yellow-green young leaves with necrotic tips), K (downward bending medium-green mature leaves with splotchy chlorosis), S (greenish-yellow young and youngest leaves), and Zn (young leaves with interveinal chlorosis from base to tip). At the initial stage, all nutrient-deficient plants had similar dry weights, when compared to the control. Dry weights of plants treated with solutions not containing N or P were significantly lower when compared to the control under an advanced deficiency. To help prevent the development of deficiencies, minimal critical tissue levels have to be determined for adaptation by the greenhouse industry for nutritional monitoring.

The effect of copper supply on vegetative and seed yield of pasture legumes and the field calibration of a tissue test for detecting copper deficiency. I. Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum and Trifolium yanninicum)

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Pasture Legumes

Three cultivars of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. cvv. Woogenellup, Nungarin; Trifolium yanninicum cv. Trikkala) were grown on three copper-deficient soil types at seven rates of copper, applied at sowing, to determine their vegetative and seed yield response to copper fertilizer.On two soil types, symptoms of copper deficiency were apparent where no copper was supplied. On the third, symptoms appeared only in one season, after the site was waterlogged. On the three soil types, the symptoms disappeared when 0.125 kg Cu/ha was applied at sowing. although at this rate vegetative and seed yields were reduced by as much as 44% and 59% respectively.The proposed critical concentration range in youngest open leaf tissue for both diagnosing maximum vegetative dry matter and predicting maximum seed yield is 3.0-4.5 mg Cu/kg for Woogenellup and Nungarin subterranean clover. Trikkala subterranean clover had higher critical concentration ranges for diagnosing maximum vegetative dry matter (4.0-6.0 mg Culkg) and predicting maximum seed yield (4.5-7.0 mg Cu/kg). It was not clear whether this difference was due to a higher internal requirement for copper of Trikkala or overlying environmental conditions affecting the external copper supply at the time of sampling.For whole top tissue (WT), there was no difference in the critical concentration range between the three cultivars for diagnosing maximum vegetative yield (3.0-4.0 mg Cu/kg). However, the critical concentration in WT for predicting maximum seed yield was higher for Trikkala (5.0-6.0 mg Cu/kg) than Woogenellup and Nungarin (3.5-4.5 mg Cu/kg). In the pasture situation, a critical concentration of 5.0-6.0 mg Cu/kg in the WT should be adopted when animal requirement is considered.Seed copper concentration for predicting maximum seed or vegetative yield was not a reliable indicator of copper status of subterranean clover.

Possible contributions of nutritional interactions to copper deficiency in ruminants in South Australia

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (120) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Merry ◽  
DJ Reuter ◽  
KG Tiller ◽  
GJ Young
Keyword(s):  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Total Sulfur ◽  
Sulfate Sulfur ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Annual Medicago ◽  
Medicago Species

Copper deficiency in sheep and cattle continues to occur in the cereal-pasture zones of South Australia (Cunningham 1974; Hannam and Reuter 1977) even though remedial measures are well known. To examine possible causes, two surveys were undertaken involving the collection and chemical analysis of a wide range of cruciferous plant species and companion pasture legumes (principally annual Medicago species). Plant samples were analysed for copper and for the elements sulfur, cadmium, molybdenum and zinc, which are known to interact with copper in the diets of ruminants. The crucifers had on average lower copper, but far higher concentrations of total sulfur, sulfate sulfur and cadmium than the companion legume species. Concentrations of zinc and molybdenum were similar for both plant groups. The survey data suggest that diets containing appreciable quantities of cruciferous species could induce copper deficiency in ruminants.

scholarly journals NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES OF PENTAS LANCEOLATA `BUTTERFLY RED'

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 511C-511
Author(s):  
James L. Gibson ◽  
Jude Groninger ◽  
Sharon Wombles ◽  
Kathryn Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Nutritional Monitoring ◽  
Pentas Lanceolata ◽  
Plastic Containers

Elemental deficiencies of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, or B were induced in plants of Pentas lanceolata `Butterfly Red'. Rooted stem cuttings were planted in 4.87-L plastic containers and fertilized with a complete modified Hoagland's solution or this solution minus the element that was to be investigated. Plants were harvested to measure dry weights when initial foliar symptoms were expressed and later under advanced deficiency symptoms. Deficiency symptoms for all treatments were observed within 7 weeks. The most dramatic expression of foliar symptoms occurred with N (medium green young leaves with interveinal chlorosis on base and tip), S (spindle-like young and recently mature leaves), Cu (purple-brown roots and young leaves with downward pointed leaf tips), and B (multiple youngest leaves arising from shoot tip). At the initial stage, all nutrient-deficient plants had similar dry weights, when compared to the control. Dry weights of plants treated with solutions not containing P were significantly lower when compared to the control under an advanced deficiency. In order to help prevent the development of deficiencies, minimal critical tissue levels have to be determined for adaptation by the greenhouse industry for nutritional monitoring.

Magnesium deficiency symptoms associated with sugar maple dieback in a Lower Laurentians site in southeastern Quebec

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1265-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bernier ◽  
M. Brazeau
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Made In

Observations made in 1987 on sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) dieback in the deciduous forest of the Lower Laurentians, northwest of Quebec City, revealed the occurrence of magnesium deficiency in various sites. Visual foliar symptoms observed on sugar maple in a severely declining stand growing on well-drained, stony, loamy-sand soil of granitic origin are briefly described and illustrated. Magnesium concentrations in the foliage of both trees and regeneration in early August averaged 0.06% (range 0.03–0.09%). Other tree or plant species present also exhibited conspicuous magnesium deficiency symptoms. The occurrence of magnesium deficiency in this and other sites of the deciduous forest in the Lower Laurentians contrasts with the general absence of this deficiency in a previously studied large section of forest in the Quebec Appalachians, where soils are derived from other rock formations.

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