Effectiveness of soil dressings and foliar sprays of copper sulphate in correcting copper deficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Queensland

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (107) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Grundon
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth

One field and two glasshouse trials were conducted to test the effectiveness of soil and foliar applications of copper sulphate in correcting copper deficiency of wheat on a severely deficient, nearneutral clay soil in the Western Downs region of Queensland. In the field, when wheat was stressed for water from late tillering (Feekes stage 5) to anthesis (Feekes stage 11) , soil dressings of 2.5-10.0 kg CuSO4.5H2O ha-1 increased early vegetative growth but foliar symptoms of copper deficiency reappeared during stem elongation, and grain yields were negligible at all rates. A single foliar spray of 2% CuSO4.5H2O applied at mid-tillering (Feekes stage 3) also did not correct the deficiency completely: foliar symptoms reappeared and grain yield was low (141 kg ha-1). A double spray treatment, the first applied at mid-tillering and the second just before booting (Feekes stage 10), was more effective and resulted in a grain yield of 800 kg ha-1. In a glasshouse experiment supplied with adequate water, a soil dressing equivalent to 16 kg CuSO4.5H2O ha-1 (3.2 mg Culpot) completely corrected the deficiency. In a second glasshouse experiment, 2% CuSO4.5H2O solution was applied as single sprays at Feekes stages 3, 8, 9, 10 or 11, or as double sprays at Feekes stages 3 + 8, 3 + 9, 3 + 10 or 3 + 11. The most effective single spray was that applied at Feekes stage 10, but maximum dry matter and grain yield were obtained when a double spray was applied at Feekes stage 3 + 10. The effectiveness of soil and foliar applications of CuSO4.5H2O for correcting Cu deficiency of dryland wheat in Queensland soils are discussed in relation to water regime and supplying adequate Cu for both vegetative and reproductive growth.

Effect of in-season application methods of fertilizer nitrogen on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in maize

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Ma ◽  
M. Li ◽  
L. M. Dwyer ◽  
G. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
N Application ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Application Methods

Little information is available comparing agronomic performance and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for N application methods such as foliar spray, soil application, and ear injection in maize (Zea mays L.). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various N application methods on total stover dry matter, grain yield, and NUE of maize hybrids using a 15N-labeling approach. A field experiment was conducted on a Dalhousie clay loam in Ottawa and a Guelph loam in Guelph for 2 yr (1999 and 2000). Three N application methods were tested on two maize hybrids, Pioneer 3893 and Pioneer 38P06 Bt. At planting, 60 kg N ha-1 as ammonium nitrate was applied to all treatments. In addition, 6.5 kg N ha-1 and 13.5 kg N ha-1 as 15N-labeled urea were applied to either foliage (Treatment I) or soil (Treatment II) at V6 and V12 stages, respectively. In Treatment III, 20 kg N ha-1 as 15N-labeled urea was injected into space between ear and husks at silking. The results showed that compared with soil N application neither foliar spray nor injection through ear affected grain yield or stover dry matter. The NUE values ranged from 12 to 76% for N fertilizer applied at V6 a nd V12 stages, or at silking for all treatments. There was no interaction of hybrid × N application methods on any variables measured with the only exception that for soil N application, grain NUE in Pioneer 38P06 Bt was significant higher than in Pioneer 3893. The difference in total N and NUE of grain and stover between soil N application and foliar N spray was inconsistent. However, NUE was substantially higher for N injection through the ear than for foliar or soil application without differential responses between the two hybrids. Nitrogen injection through the ear at silking might have altered N redistribution within the plant and improved NUE. Hence, it can potentially enhance grain protein content. Foliar N spray is not advocated for maize production in Ontario. Key words: Maize, Zea mays, nitrogen application methods, nitrogen-15, yield, nitrogen use efficiency

Effectiveness of some copper compounds applied as foliar sprays in alleviating copper deficiency of wheat grown on copper-deficient soils of Western Australia

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Copper Compounds ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The effectiveness of copper oxychloride (CU2Cl(OH)3, 52% Cu) and chelated Cu (Cu-EDTA, 15% Cu) were compared with the effectiveness of copper sulphate (CuSO4, 25% Cu) as foliar sprays for alleviating Cu deficiency and obtaining maximum grain yields of wheat (1.93-2.5 t/ha). The experiments were conducted over 4 years at 4 sites in the Lake Grace and Newdegate districts, about 300-350 km south-east of Perth, Western Australia. Each source was sprayed at 6 or 7 rates of Cu to define the relationship between grain yield and the amount of foliar Cu applied for wheat grown on soils where Cu had not been previously applied. The levels of Cu sprayed in experiment 1 were 0, 21, 63, 125, 250, and 375 g/ha, and for experiments 2,3 and 4, the levels of Cu were 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 g/ha. The relative effectiveness of foliar-applied chelated Cu and CU2Cl(OH)3, compared with CuSO4, was 1.72-2.24 and 0.47-0.63, respectively. Although the relative effectiveness of each product was different, similar quantities of each were required to achieve maximum wheat grain yield because of the difference in the Cu contents of each source of Cu. The amounts of Cu product sprayed for maximum grain yields of wheat varied within the ranges 0.9-1.8 kg/ha, 0.8-1.2 kg/ha and 0.8-1.8 kg/ha for CuSO4, chelated Cu and CU2Cl(OH)3, respectively.

scholarly journals Role of salicylic acid as foliar spray on hydride rice (BRRI Hybrid dhan3) cultivation in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Mohammad Issak ◽  
Most Moslama Khatun ◽  
Amena Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Matter Production

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of salicylic acid (SA) as foliar spray on yield and yield contributing characters of BRRI Hybrid dhan3.The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and six treatment combinations as, T1: 0 μM SA, T2: 200 μM SA, T3: 400 μM SA, T4: 600 μM SA, T5: 800 μM SA and T6: 1000 μM SA. The results revealed that biomass production, dry matter production and yield and yield contributing characters were significantly increased due to the foliar application of SA. At the maximum tillering (MT) stage, the highest biomass production (15.0 t/ha) and dry matter production was observed in T3 treatment. Treatments T4, T5 and T6 showed significant variation on the effective tillers/hill. The maximum effective tillers/hill were found in the treatment T6. The percentages of spikelet sterility were decreased with increasing the level of SA and the percentage of filled grains/panicle were increased with increasing level of SA. The insect infestation was reduced with increasing level of SA to up to 1000 μM. The maximum grain yield (9.21 t/ha) and straw yield (9.22 t/ha) was found in the treatment T6 which was identical to T5. On the other hand, in all cases the lowest results were found in the control treatment. The result showed that grain yield of rice increased with increasing level of SA to up to 1000 μM (T6 treatment). Our results suggest that foliar spray of SA might be applied to increase the yield of hybrid rice in Bangladesh.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.4(3): 157-164, December 2017

Copper deficiency in young Eucalyptusmaculata plantations

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dell ◽  
T. Bywaters
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Southwestern Australia ◽  
Normal Shoot ◽  
Cu Deficiency

Copper deficiency has been identified as the cause of distorted growth symptoms in 2- to 3-year-old stands of Eucalyptusmaculata Hook, established on a disturbed laterite-pallid zone profile in southwestern Australia. The main symptoms of Cu deficiency were undulate leaf margins, shoot dieback, enlarged nodes giving rise to numerous short-lived axillary shoots, and reduced lignification of wood. Visible symptoms were associated with depressed foliar Cu concentrations (mean 1.1 μg•g−1 compared with mean 1.9 μg•g−1 for healthy trees). Normal shoot growth in affected trees was restored by the addition of CuSO4 to the soil or as a foliar spray.

Growth and yield of sorghum lines extracted from a population for differences in osmotic adjustment

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Tangpremsri ◽  
S Fukai ◽  
KS Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment ◽  
The Difference

From 47 S2 lines which had been extracted from a random mated population of sorghum, eight lines for a glasshouse experiment and four lines for a field experiment were divergently selected for variation in osmotic adjustment, and were grouped into two, High and Low osmotic adjustment (OA). Both the glasshouse and field experiments examined whether osmotic adjustment modified the plants' response to soil water deficit and also whether grain sink demand for assimilates, varied by removal of 50% spikelets, affected osmotic adjustment. In each experiment, there were well-watered control and water stress treatments. In both experiments, the dawn osmotic potential in the High OA group was always lower than in the Low OA group under water limiting conditions, and the difference was significant after anthesis. The difference in osmotic potential was about 0.1 MPa in the field and up to 0.25 MPa in the glasshouse. In the glasshouse experiment, removal of 50% spikelets at anthesis significantly decreased osmotic potential during grain filling, suggesting that osmotic adjustment is influenced by the availability of assimilates in the leaves. Under well-watered conditions, the two groups behaved very similarly in terms of maximum leaf area, green leaf area retention during grain filling, total dry matter production, grain yield and grain number in both experiments. Under water-limiting conditions, the High OA group produced larger maximum leaf area and had better leaf retention during grain filling. Despite similar water use, total dry matter was also significantly higher in the High OA group though the difference was small. Grain number was also greater in this group in both experiments, whereas grain yield was significantly higher in the High OA group in the field, but not in the glasshouse where severe water stress developed more rapidly. It is concluded that the adverse effect of water stress can be reduced by adopting sorghum genotypes with high osmotic adjustment. However, selection for high osmotic adjustment needs to ensure that osmotic adjustment is not solely due to small head size.

Influence of Soil-applied Micronutrients on Cassava (Manihot esculenta) in Malaysian Tropical Oligotrophic Peat

1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Y. Chew ◽  
K. T. Joseph ◽  
K. Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Tuber Dry Matter ◽  
Cu Uptake

SUMMARYTwo experiments to investigate the micronutrient requirements of cassava (cv Black Twig) on Malaysian peat soil are described. Cu was found to be the only essential micronutrient and Mn, Zn, Fe, Mo and B were not needed. Fertilizing with 20 kg/ha of copper sulphate approximately tripled tuber dry matter, and starch and Cu uptake, but applying 10 kg/ha of copper sulphate gave the same results. Each crop of cassava absorbed only about 2% of the applied Cu, giving a leaf Cu content of about 14 ppm compared with about 7 ppm in Cu-deficient plants. Cu deficiency symptoms were invariably observed in Cu-deficient plots and these are also described.

scholarly journals Variation in Root and Shoot Growth in Response to Reduced Nitrogen

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Tolley ◽  
Mohsen Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
N Treatment

Recently, root traits have been suggested to play an important role in developing greater nitrogen uptake and grain yield. However, relatively few breeding programs utilize these root traits. Over a series of experiments at different growth stages with destructive plant biomass measurements, we analyzed above-ground and below-ground traits in seven geographically diverse lines of wheat. Root and shoot biomass allocation in 14-day-old seedlings were analyzed using paper roll-supported hydroponic culture in two Hoagland solutions containing 0.5 (low) and 4 (high) mM of nitrogen (N). For biomass analysis of plants at maturity, plants were grown in 7.5 L pots filled with soil mix under two nitrogen treatments. Traits were measured as plants reached maturity. High correlations were observed among duration of vegetative growth, tiller number, shoot dry matter, and root dry matter. Functionality of large roots in nitrogen uptake was dependent on the availability of N. Under high N, lines with larger roots had a greater yield response to the increase in N input. Under low N, yields were independent of root size and dry matter, meaning that there was not a negative tradeoff to the allocation of more resources to roots, though small rooted lines were more competitive with regards to grain yield and grain N concentration in the low-N treatment. In the high-N treatment, the large-rooted lines were correlated to an increase in grain N concentration (r = 0.54) and grain yield (r = 0.43). In low N, the correlation between root dry matter to yield (r = 0.20) and grain N concentration (r = −0.38) decreased. A 15-fold change was observed between lines for root dry matter; however, only a ~5-fold change was observed in shoot dry matter. Additionally, root dry matter measured at the seedling stage did not correlate to the corresponding trait at maturity. As such, in a third assay, below-ground and above-ground traits were measured at key growth stages including the four-leaf stage, stem elongation, heading, post-anthesis, and maturity. We found that root growth appears to be stagnant from stem elongation to maturity.

scholarly journals Genotypic variation for potassium accumulation and utilization efficiency in barley under rainfed potassium stress conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Shivay ◽  
J. H. Chen ◽  
S. R. Ding
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Potassium Accumulation ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
K Concentration

A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of K nutrition and genotypic variation on the dry matter (DM) accumulation, and the K concentration, accumulation, uptake and utilization efficiency in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Successive increases in potassium nutrition had a significant effect on the dry matter and K accumulation either in the total or in various plant parts of barley at the tillering, stem elongation, heading and maturity growth stages. K nutrition also led to significantly higher grain yield with each unit K application than without K application. The yield increase due to K application was mainly due to the improvement in spike development from tillers. Dry matter and K accumulation in various plant parts varied significantly between genotypes at the main growth stages. Among the various plant parts, the stem contained the highest K concentration, had the highest K accumulation at maturity and changed considerably with the K level, while other plant parts remained relatively unchanged. Among the eleven genotypes, genotype 98-6 had the highest grain yield and the K use efficiency of this genotype was 10.4 kg grain per kg K applied. It could thus be used as a breeding line to breed barley varieties for higher productivity under rainfed conditions with low available soil potassium.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT IN RESPONSE TO SEED VIGOR AND SOWING DENSITIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-899
Author(s):  
JULIA ABATI ◽  
CRISTIAN RAFAEL BRZEZINSKI ◽  
CLAUDEMIR ZUCARELI ◽  
JOSÉ SALVADOR SIMONETI FOLONI ◽  
FERNANDO AUGUSTO HENNING
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Viable Seeds

ABSTRACT In wheat crops, it is often observed that the number of plants per area is lower than that of viable seeds used, which may be related to both environmental conditions and seed vigor. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of seed vigor level at different sowing densities on growth, development, and grain yield in wheat cultivars. The experiments were conducted in Londrina and Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil, under a randomized block design in a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial scheme, with four replications. Two seed vigor levels (high and low), two sowing densities (200 and 400 viable seeds per m2), and three wheat cultivars (BRS Sabiá, BRS Gaivota, and BRS Gralha Azul) were assessed. In order to assess growth and development, plant samples were collected at the phenological stages of seedling growth, stem elongation, booting, and ear emergence. We assessed the emergence of seedlings, height and dry matter of plant shoot, and grain yield. The sowing density of 200 seeds per m2 led to a higher shoot dry matter production per plant at the stages booting and ear emergence. The cultivar BRS Sabiá presented the highest grain yield in Londrina, while BRS Sabiá and BRS Gralha Azul presented the highest grain yield in Ponta Grossa. High vigor seeds favor stand establishment, growth and development of plants at early phenological stages, and grain yield of wheat.

Performance of spring cereal genotypes under defoliation on the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Latta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
The Impact

In mixed cropping and livestock dryland farming systems in southern Australia, grazing of cereals during their vegetative growth stages (typically during winter) can provide a valuable contribution of high-quality feed during a period of low pasture growth. This paper reports results from a series of experiments investigating the impact of defoliation on the grain production of cereals in the Eyre Peninsula region of South Australia. The comparative dry matter production and grain yield of wheat, barley and oats cultivars, with and without defoliation, at a range of growth stages were measured in four experiments over three growing seasons, two of which were water-deficient. The barley varieties evaluated produced up to twice the dry matter of the wheat or oats cultivars to the time of defoliation. Mowing following stem elongation more than halved grain yield (1.9 to 0.9 t ha–1) relative to no defoliation in an early-maturing variety, but with less reduction in later maturing varieties. Defoliation before stem elongation in two seasons of very low growing-season rainfall (<100 mm) caused no or very little loss in grain yields, which were generally <1 t ha–1. A long-season winter wheat produced similar grain yields irrespective of defoliation and timing, but with no yield advantage over the defoliated spring cereals. The results suggest opportunities to incorporate the grazing of cereals to fill a winter feed-gap in the low-rainfall zone of southern Australia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document