Bitter pit in the apple variety Cleopatra in Tasmania in relation to calcium and magnesium

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 742 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Martin ◽  
TL Lewis ◽  
J Cerny
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Magnesium Nitrate ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Apple Variety ◽  
Nitrate Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bitter Pit ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

When spray treatments were applied to half-trees of Cleopatra apples, it was shown that magnesium nitrate increased the incidence of pit and calcium nitrate decreased it. There was a suggestion that borax decreased the effectiveness of the calcium nitrate treatment. Magnesium or calcium nitrate, with or without borax, did not affect the potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, or nitrogen content of the fruit cortex. Calcium nitrate in 1959 increased the calcium content but magnesium nitrate had no effect. There was no significant difference in the content of potassium, magnesium, or phosphorus between 1958 and 1959, but the calcium content was 3.3 times as high in 1958. Pit incidence was low in 1958 and high in 1959. No significant difference in content of these four elements could be demonstrated between sound and pitted fruits. The results support the view that calcium is the critical element in pit incidence and that magnesium may play an important part.

scholarly journals Beyond-root calcium fertilization of apple trees

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Słowik ◽  
Dariusz Świetlik
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Fruit Flesh ◽  
Bitter Pit ◽  
Calcium Fertilization

Investigations were performed in the period 1977-1979 on the apple tree cultivar 'Fantazja', on rootstock A 2, M 7 and MM 106 on the effect of spraying with solution containing calcium on the incidence of bitter pit, breakdown, calcium content in the fruit flesh and other features of the fruits. Threefold spraying with calcium nitrate, calcium chloride or Anti-Stipp significantly limited the appearance of bitter pit and breakdown.

scholarly journals   The effect of calcium foliar fertilizers on cv. Ligol apples

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lanauskas ◽  
N. Kviklienė ◽  
N. Uselis ◽  
D. Kviklys ◽  
L. Buskienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
First Year ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Bitter Pit ◽  
Liquid Calcium ◽  
Positive Effect

The effects of calcium fertilizers on cv. Ligol apples were studied in the experiment conducted at the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture in 2007&ndash;2009. Fertilizers were applied four or eight times from June to September on the 8<sup>th</sup>&ndash;9<sup>th</sup> leaf of apple trees on P 22 rootstock. Calcium nitrate or liquid calcium fertilizers were used. The results differed over the years of experiment. During the first year, four applications of liquid calcium fertilizers significantly reduced the Mg/Ca ratio in fruit, whereas in 2008 the tendency of decrease in the ratios of K/Ca and Mg/Ca at both fertilizers was observed. The bitter pit incidence rate on stored apples of the 2007 yield was 1.5&ndash;3.0%. The eight applications of liquid calcium fertilizers significantly reduced the incidence of bitter pit after storage. In 2008, higher fruit calcium content and lower ratios of N/Ca, K/Ca, and Mg/Ca were detected. Moreover, these apples were not affected by bitter pit. The worse fruit quality of the 2007 yield could be linked to the abundant rainfall during 2007 vegetation season. However, the application of fertilizers had a positive effect on natural weight loss and fruit flesh firmness after storage. &nbsp;

Using Histological and Chemical Methods for Detection of Unauthorized Tissues Addition in Emulsion Type Meat Product

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Plant Stem ◽  
High Level ◽  
Reliable Methods

Total twenty different processed meat plant producing emulsion type sausage were histologically and chemically examined for detection of adulteration with unauthorized tissues. Results revealed that samples were adulterated with different types of animal tissues included; hyaline cartilage, tendon, spongy bone, peripheral nerve trunk, basophilic matrix, lymphatic tissue, fascia, fibrocartilage and vascular tissue. Moreover, these samples were adulterated Also, adulterated with plant tissue included; plant stem, leaves and root. Chemical analysis showed a significant difference in their chemical composition (moisture, fat, protein, ash and calcium) content. Moisture and fat content varied around the permissible limit of E.S.S. while low protein, high ash and calcium content was detected in the examined samples. Therefore, Histological and chemical examinations can be used as reliable methods to detect adultration using unauthorized addition of both animal and plant tissues in processed meat product samples which revealed a high level of falsification.

The Effect of Calcium Sprays and Fruit Thinning on Bitter Pit Incidence and Calcium Content in ‘Honeycrisp’ Apple

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1941-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Telias ◽  
Emily Hoover ◽  
Carl Rosen ◽  
David Bedford ◽  
Dennis Cook
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Content ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Bitter Pit

scholarly journals Calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate limestone as sources of nitrogen for oats and barley

1961 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Pentti Hänninen ◽  
Armi Kaila
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cent Level

Calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate limestone (»Oulunsalpietari») were compared as the nitrogen fertilizer for oats in 15 field trials and for barley in one trial. The trials were carried out in summers 1959 and 1960 in various places in Finland. The split plot technique was employed in order to reduce the variation as much as possible. In 1959 the amounts of nitrogen applied as these two fertilizers to the corresponding halves of the plots were 25 and 50 kg/ha. In 1960 also higher applications were used: 75 and 100 kg/ha of N. In three trials these fertilizers were compared both as a surface dressing and worked in. Visual observations suggested about 5—6 weeks after sowing a darker green colour in the stands treated with calcium nitrate as compared with the other half treated with ammonium nitrate limestone. These differences later disappeared. In some trials a higher nitrogen content of the plants from the calcium nitrate stands could be demonstrated during this period. The uptake of nitrogen by plants was regularly followed throughout the growing period. Owing to the large variation, usually, no statistically significant difference between the effect of the fertilizers could be detected. In a few cases the superiority of calcium nitrate could be demonstrated. No differences in the ripening could be found. In most trials there was a fairly regular tendency to higher yields and higher nitrogen content in the grain and straw produced by calcium nitrate. Yet, only in a few cases were the differences statistically significant at the five per cent level. Thus, it was concluded that on the basis of the results of these trials ammonium nitrate limestone and calcium nitrate may be considered practically equal as nitrogen fertilizers for oats. There was no difference in the yields of barley produced by these two fertilizers, but the nitrogen content of grains was significantly lower with ammonium nitrate limestone than with calcium nitrate. This may be worth further study in connection with the production of malting barley.

Relationship between xylem functionality, calcium content and the incidence of bitter pit in apple fruit

2014 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aquidauana Miqueloto ◽  
Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante ◽  
Cristiano André Steffens ◽  
Aline dos Santos ◽  
Elizabeth Mitcham
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Content ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Bitter Pit

The effect of tree sprays of calcium, boron, zinc and naphthaleneacetic acid, alone and in all combinations, on the incidence of storage disorders in Merton apples

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Martin ◽  
TL Lewis ◽  
J Cerny ◽  
DA Ratkowsky
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Mineral Element ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Bitter Pit ◽  
One Year ◽  
Storage Disorders

The effect of four whole-tree sprays at monthly intervals on the fruit mineral element content and on the incidence of storage disorders in Merton apples was investigated for three years. Calcium nitrate, boric acid, zinc nitrate and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were applied singly and in all possible combinations. There were no significant treatment interactions, which implied an absence of synergistic or antagonistic effects between spray components. Calcium nitrate was the only compound whose application consistently reduced the incidence of bitter pit and breakdown following cool storage for 4 months. In one year NAA reduced the incidence of these disorders, but it also reduced mean fruit size and increased the concentration of most of the mineral elements, including calcium, in the fruit at harvest. Zinc nitrate sprays had no effect. Boron application promoted the development of core flush in one year and of breakdown in two years, but did not affect the incidence of bitter pit. No relationship was observed between the levels of calcium and boron in the fruit.

scholarly journals Potassium, magnesium and calcium content in individual parts of Phaseolus vulgaris L. plant as related to potassium and magnesium nutrition

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tůma ◽  
M. Skalický ◽  
L. Tůmová ◽  
P. Bláhová ◽  
M. Rosůlková
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

In a two-pot experiment of Phaseolus vulgaris L., the influence of K and Mg gradated doses upon K, Mg and Ca content in the pods, stem and leaves was studied. The content of cations changed significantly in individual parts of the plant. The highest content of potassium was found within the dry matter of the pods (it exceeded 4%) and stalk (3&ndash;4%). The highest content of calcium (3&ndash;4%) and magnesium (0.4&ndash;0.8%) was found within the dry matter of the leaves. The effects of K gradated doses were revealed significantly in its higher content increase mainly in the leaves (by as much as 83%) and the decrease of calcium content (31%) and magnesium content (37%) was observed in the leaves and less in the stalks. The effects of Mg gradated doses were revealed in the non-significant increase in its content in the leaves and stalks and the decrease of the potassium content in the leaves (by 19%) and in stalks (11%) and even in the decrease of the calcium content (52%) mainly in the pods.

Response of high density apple orchards on coarsetextured soil to form of potassium applied by fertigation

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
G H Neilsen ◽  
D. Neilsen
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
High Density ◽  
Potassium Sources ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Bitter Pit ◽  
Cation Status ◽  
Potassium Magnesium ◽  
Annual Application

This study tested the effects of fertigated potassium sources on orchard cation status. A randomized, complete block experimental design was maintained from 2000 to 2003, in a high density ‘Jonagold’/M.9 apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) orchard planted in 1993 on a loamy sand. Seven K-fertigation treatments included annual application of either no K (control), 15 g K/tree as either potassium chloride or potassium magnesium sulphate (KMag) or 30 g K/tree as potassium chloride, KMag, potassium sulphate or potassium thiosulphate, applied daily during 6 wk midsummer to six replicate, four-tree plots. Fertigated K-forms did not affect yield, but increased soil K after 3 yr to 30-cm depth beneath the drip emitters. This increased leaf and fruit K concentrations. Fruit K/Ca ratio was also increased by K-fertigation. A high incidence of bitter pit at harvest was unaffected by fertigating K, but rather was associated with low harvest fruit Ca concentration and large fruit size. KMag increased soil Mg availability, but leaf and fruit Mg concentrations were slightly affected, indicating the difficulties of improving apple Mg status when co-applying K. Leaf and fruit Ca concentrations were minimally affected by treatments. Soil Ca declined slightly after 3 yr of K fertigation. Key words: Bitter pit, calcium, chloride, magnesium, Malus × domestica, sulphate, thiosulphate

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