Observations on the bionomics of the sheep body louse (Damalinia ovisM)

1952 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Scott
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Body Louse ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Cent Relative Humidity

Experimental observations are recorded on the bionomics of Damalinia ovis on the sheep and in vitro. The optimal conditions for in-vitro rearing of D. ovis are 36.5°C. and 70-90 per cent, relative humidity when a mixture of skin scurf and baker's yeast is used as food. Under these conditions the life cycle closely approximates the estimated life cycle on the sheep. The incubation period is 9-10 days; the three nymphal instars are completed in 7, 5, and 9 days respectively; the preoviposition period is approximately 3 days, making a cycle of 34 days from egg to egg. The lice and their eggs are very susceptible to changes in temperature. The areas of heaviest infestation are along the mid-dorsal line and down the sides of the sheep. Individual sheep differ considerably in their susceptibility to artificial and to natural infestations. Sheep in poor condition tend to have the heaviest infestations, which are retained throughout the year. There is a pronounced seasonal fluctuation in populations of D. ovis, the heaviest infestation occurring in the period from June to September.

Observations on the biology of Lycts Brunneus (Steph.)

1953 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
FJ Gay
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Wood Moisture Content ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Wood Moisture

An account is given of certain aspects of the biology of Lyctus brunneus (Steph.). Female beetles are able to oviposit within 24 hr. after emerging from infested timber and deposit an average of more than 70 eggs per female over a period of 1-2 weeks. Eggs are deposited at depths of 1.0-6.5 mm. in the wood vessels, preferentially from a transverse surface, but also through radial and tangential faces. The incubation period of the eggs ranges from about 1 week at 26�C, to 3 weeks at 15�C. The egg-adult developmental period ranges from 4 months at 26�C. to 16 months or more at 15�C. Under optimal conditions of temperature, relative humidity (and hence wood moisture content), and nutrition, the life cycle may be as short as 2 months. The sex ratio of L. brunneus is 1 : 1 and the adult beetles live from 2.5 to 7 weeks, depending upon the temperature, females being somewhat longer-lived than males. The larvae of L. brunneus are somewhat more resistant to heat treatment than are the eggs, but one 1/2hr. exposure to 50�C. is completely lethal to both stages.

Observations on the bionomics of Linognathus pedalis

1950 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Scott
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

Studies on the life cycle and on populations of Linognathus pedalis are described. The incubation period of the egg is 17 days, followed by three nymphal instars, each of approximately 7 days, and a preoviposition period of 5 days. The period from egg to egg is, therefore, approximately 43 days. The female deposits approximately one egg per day. There is a pronounced seasonal fluctuation in populations, which reach a maximum from July to October and a minimum from December to March. Lambs are most susceptible to L. pedalis and may become infested within a few hours after birth. Infestations may be acquired either by direct contact with infested sheep or from an infested environment. Under suitable conditions of temperature and humidity, L. pedalis can survive far up to 18 days away from the sheep, and it has been shown experimentally that lambs can become infested from pastures at least three clays after removal of infested sheep.

Studies on Theocolax formiciformis Westw. (Hym., Pteromalidae), a parasite of Anobium punctatum (Deg.) (Col., Anobiidae)

1964 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean M. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Wood Surface ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Cent Relative Humidity ◽  
Anobium Punctatum

A description is given of the life-cycle in Britain of Theocolax formiciformis Westw. (Pteromalidae), a parasite of Anobium punctatum (Deg.) (Anobiidae). Adults emerge from infested wood in large numbers from April to June. Eggs are laid through the wood surface and use was made of this habit as a means of rearing this parasite under observation in the laboratory. Anobium larvae were placed individually in channels gouged in the surface of 3-inch squares of plywood. They were covered with tracing paper and the parasites were caged on this by means of a glass ring covered with a glass plate. Development from egg to adult at 22 and 25°C., and 75 per cent, relative humidity, averaged about five and six weeks, respectively, compared with 12 weeks outdoors in summer. The number of progeny per female was highest (approximately five) at 22°C., at which the ratio of males to females was 1:3. Only about one per cent, of the adults reared were winged. The use of Theocolax as a biological-control agent is not considered practical.

scholarly journals In vitro biology of pigeon louse Colpocephalum turbinatum (Amblycera: Phthiraptera)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 770-772
Author(s):  
Satyapal Singh Rana ◽  
S. K. Bhardwaj ◽  
Arun Kumar Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Present Report ◽  
In Vitro Rearing ◽  
Vitro Biology

In vitro rearing of amblyceran Phthiraptera is a challenging task. A look on the literature reveals that negligible information exists on the in vitro bionomics of avian Amblycera. Present report furnishes information on the in vitro biology of an amblyceran louse, Colpocephalum turbinatum, reared at 35 ± 1˚C, 75-82% Relative Humidity, at feather diet. The incubation period of the eggs of louse was determined as 5.37±0.67 days. The duration of first, second and third nymphal instars remained 5.04±0.65, 5.12±0.89 and 5.0±0.57 days, respectively. The longevity of adult female (13.04 ± 3.67 days) was comparatively longer than that of males (9.6±2.87 days). An adult female laid an average of 0.63 egg/day in vitro condition (35±1oC and 75-82% RH, at feather diet).

Behaviour and enzyme release by Anisakis sp. larvae (Nematoda: Ascaridida)

1982 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard E. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Enzyme Release ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Behavioural Activity

ABSTRACTAnisakis sp. larvae when incubated in vitro produced secretions/excretions which released the dye from an azocoll substrate, indicating protease activity. The optimal conditions for enzyme release and activity were a temperature of 37°C and a pH of 7·5. In addition the larvae showed peak behavioural activity at 37°C, the body temperature of the final, marine mammalian host. The results are discussed in relation to their possible significance to the invasion of the various hosts in the life-cycle.

Effect of Temperature on ADP-Induced Platelet Aggregation

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
C. A Praga ◽  
E. M Pogliani
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Induce Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Cuvette Holder ◽  
Exact Temperature

SummaryTemperature represents a very important variable in ADP-induced platelet aggregation.When low doses of ADP ( < 1 (μM) are used to induce platelet aggregation, the length of the incubation period of PRP in the cuvette holder of the aggregometer, thermostatted at 37° C, is very critical. Samples of the same PRP previously kept at room temperature, were incubated for increasing periods of time in the cuvette of the aggregometer before adding ADP, and a significant decrease of aggregation, proportional to the length of incubation, was observed. Stirring of the PRP during the incubation period made these changes more evident.To measure the exact temperature of the PRP during incubation in the aggre- gometer, a thermocouple device was used. While the temperature of the cuvette holder was stable at 37° C, the PRP temperature itself increased exponentially, taking about ten minutes from the beginning of the incubation to reach the value of 37° C. The above results have a practical significance in the reproducibility of the platelet aggregation test in vitro and acquire particular value when the effect of inhibitors of ADP induced platelet aggregation is studied.Experiments carried out with three anti-aggregating agents (acetyl salicyclic acid, dipyridamole and metergoline) have shown that the incubation conditions which influence both the effect of the drugs on platelets and the ADP breakdown in plasma must be strictly controlled.

The Potential Migrated Mechanism of Water-Soluble Components in Pellets Prepared by Wet Extrusion/Spheronization: Effect of Drying Rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingwei Wang ◽  
Jianping Liu ◽  
Zhenghua Li ◽  
Yulong Xia ◽  
Shuangshuang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Wet Extrusion ◽  
Extrusion Spheronization ◽  
Soluble Components

Background: At present, there were numerous researches on the migration of components in tablets and granules, the investigation in the pharmaceutical literatrue concerning the effect of drying rate on the migration of water-soluble components of pellets was limited. Temperature and relative humidity (RH) were crucial parameters during the drying process which was an essential step in the preparation of pellets via wet extrusion/spheronization. To quantify these variables, the water loss percentage of pellets per minute was defined as drying rate. Objective: The study aimed to investigate the influence of drying rate on the migration of water-soluble components in wet pellets and the potential migrated mechanism. Methods: The pellets containing tartrazine as a water-soluble model drug and microcrystalline cellulose as a matrix former were prepared by extrusion/spheronization and dried at four different drying temperature and relative humidity. Afterward, the extent of migrated tartrazine was assessed regarding appearance, in-vitro dissolution test, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, X-Ray Powder Diffraction, Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Confocal Raman Mapping. Results: Results demonstrated that red spots of tartrazine appeared on the surface of pellets and more than 40% tartrazine were burst released within 5 minutes when pellets dried at 60℃/RH 10%. While pellets dried at 40℃/RH 80%, none of these aforementioned phenomena was observed. Conclusion: In conclusion, the faster drying rate was, the more tartrazine migrated to the exterior of pellets. Adjusting drying temperature and relative humidity appropriately could inhibit the migration of water-soluble components within wet extrusion/spheronization pellets.

scholarly journals Interaction of Plasmodium falciparum apicortin with α- and β-tubulin is critical for parasite growth and survival

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malabika Chakrabarti ◽  
Nishant Joshi ◽  
Geeta Kumari ◽  
Preeti Singh ◽  
Rumaisha Shoaib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Parasite Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Apicomplexan Parasites ◽  
Parasite Replication ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Β Tubulin

AbstractCytoskeletal structures of Apicomplexan parasites are important for parasite replication, motility, invasion to the host cell and survival. Apicortin, an Apicomplexan specific protein appears to be a crucial factor in maintaining stability of the parasite cytoskeletal assemblies. However, the function of apicortin, in terms of interaction with microtubules still remains elusive. Herein, we have attempted to elucidate the function of Plasmodium falciparum apicortin by monitoring its interaction with two main components of parasite microtubular structure, α-tubulin-I and β-tubulin through in silico and in vitro studies. Further, a p25 domain binding generic drug Tamoxifen (TMX), was used to disrupt PfApicortin-tubulin interactions which led to the inhibition in growth and progression of blood stage life cycle of P. falciparum.

scholarly journals Development and reproduction of Podisus distinctus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) fed on larva of Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Lacerda ◽  
A. M. R. M. Ferreira ◽  
T. V. Zanuncio ◽  
J. C. Zanuncio ◽  
A. S. Bernardino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae ◽  
Bombyx Mori L ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Biological control has been reducing the use of chemical products against insect pests, specially predatory Pentatomidae. Species of this group can present high variations in their life cycle as a result of their diet. Thus, the objective of this research was to study nymph development and reproduction of Podisus distinctus (Stäl, 1860) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) fed on Bombyx mori L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) larvae (T1), compared to those fed on Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (T2) and Musca domestica L., 1758 (Diptera: Muscidae) larvae (T3) at a temperature of 25 ± 0.5ºC, relative humidity of 70 ± 2%, and photophase of 12 h. Predators fed on B. mori showed duration of the nymph phase (18.68 ± 1.02) similar to those fed on T. molitor (18.32 ± 1.49). Pre-oviposition and oviposition periods and number of egg masses, besides eggs and nymphs per female, were higher with B. mori (5.83 ± 2.02; 15.00 ± 7.40; 8.42 ± 1.84; 296.69 ± 154.75; and 228.55 ± 141.04, respectively) while longevity of males and females of P. distinctus was 25.76 ± 16.15 and 35.00 ± 16.15 days with T. molitor, and 20.57 ± 13.60 and 23.46 ± 12.35 days with B. mori, respectively.

scholarly journals Biological aspects of Hylesia metapyrrha (Lepidoptera; Saturniidae; Hemileucinae), in laboratory

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Specht ◽  
AC. Formentini ◽  
E. Corseuil
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Average Period ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Behavioral Aspects ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Guava Leaves

The aim of this work was to study biological aspects and the life cycle of Hylesia Metapyrrha in a laboratory. Laboratorial breeding was made at 25 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 10% UR and 14 hours of photophase, feeding the larvae with guava leaves (Psidium guayava L. - Myrtaceae). Time was evaluated on the days of all the development stages; morphometry was evaluated in millimeters and the pupa’s mass in grams. The eggs were disposed in groups and covered by urticating abdominal hair. The incubation period lasted 52 days. The larvae, with gregarious habits, presented background black coloration, yellowish scoli and two orange longitudinal lines above and below the spiracles, during the development which lasted an average period of 74.59 days and went through seven instars. The pre-pupa and the pupa stages lasted on average 8.82 and 50.56 days, respectively; the female pupae presented a duration, weight and size which was significantly bigger. The adult stage lasted on average 5.50 days with periods of pre, post and oviposition of 2.30, 1.90 and 1.00 days, respectively. This study broadens the knowledge of the immature stages, biological, morphological and behavioral aspects, until then restricted to the morphology and to registers of the occurrence of the adult forms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document