Observations on the bionomics of Linognathus pedalis

1950 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Scott
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

Studies on the life cycle and on populations of Linognathus pedalis are described. The incubation period of the egg is 17 days, followed by three nymphal instars, each of approximately 7 days, and a preoviposition period of 5 days. The period from egg to egg is, therefore, approximately 43 days. The female deposits approximately one egg per day. There is a pronounced seasonal fluctuation in populations, which reach a maximum from July to October and a minimum from December to March. Lambs are most susceptible to L. pedalis and may become infested within a few hours after birth. Infestations may be acquired either by direct contact with infested sheep or from an infested environment. Under suitable conditions of temperature and humidity, L. pedalis can survive far up to 18 days away from the sheep, and it has been shown experimentally that lambs can become infested from pastures at least three clays after removal of infested sheep.

Observations on the bionomics of the sheep body louse (Damalinia ovisM)

1952 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Scott
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Body Louse ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Cent Relative Humidity

Experimental observations are recorded on the bionomics of Damalinia ovis on the sheep and in vitro. The optimal conditions for in-vitro rearing of D. ovis are 36.5°C. and 70-90 per cent, relative humidity when a mixture of skin scurf and baker's yeast is used as food. Under these conditions the life cycle closely approximates the estimated life cycle on the sheep. The incubation period is 9-10 days; the three nymphal instars are completed in 7, 5, and 9 days respectively; the preoviposition period is approximately 3 days, making a cycle of 34 days from egg to egg. The lice and their eggs are very susceptible to changes in temperature. The areas of heaviest infestation are along the mid-dorsal line and down the sides of the sheep. Individual sheep differ considerably in their susceptibility to artificial and to natural infestations. Sheep in poor condition tend to have the heaviest infestations, which are retained throughout the year. There is a pronounced seasonal fluctuation in populations of D. ovis, the heaviest infestation occurring in the period from June to September.

scholarly journals Biological aspects of Hylesia metapyrrha (Lepidoptera; Saturniidae; Hemileucinae), in laboratory

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Specht ◽  
AC. Formentini ◽  
E. Corseuil
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Average Period ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Behavioral Aspects ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Guava Leaves

The aim of this work was to study biological aspects and the life cycle of Hylesia Metapyrrha in a laboratory. Laboratorial breeding was made at 25 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 10% UR and 14 hours of photophase, feeding the larvae with guava leaves (Psidium guayava L. - Myrtaceae). Time was evaluated on the days of all the development stages; morphometry was evaluated in millimeters and the pupa’s mass in grams. The eggs were disposed in groups and covered by urticating abdominal hair. The incubation period lasted 52 days. The larvae, with gregarious habits, presented background black coloration, yellowish scoli and two orange longitudinal lines above and below the spiracles, during the development which lasted an average period of 74.59 days and went through seven instars. The pre-pupa and the pupa stages lasted on average 8.82 and 50.56 days, respectively; the female pupae presented a duration, weight and size which was significantly bigger. The adult stage lasted on average 5.50 days with periods of pre, post and oviposition of 2.30, 1.90 and 1.00 days, respectively. This study broadens the knowledge of the immature stages, biological, morphological and behavioral aspects, until then restricted to the morphology and to registers of the occurrence of the adult forms.

The cattle lice of Great Britain Part I. Biology, with special reference to Haematopinus eurysternus

Parasitology ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Craufurd-Benson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Starvation Period ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Threshold Of Development ◽  
Minimum Air Temperature

1. The geographical distribution of cattle lice in Britain is recorded in detail. Bovicola bovis is the commonest and most widely distributed species in Britain.2. The incubation period for the eggs was found to be: Haematopinus eurysternus, 9–19 days (av. 12); Bovicola bovis, 7–10 days (av. 8); Linognathus vitula, 10–13 days; Solenopotes capillatus, 10–13 days. With eggs of H. eurysternus it was found that the higher the minimum air temperature the shorter was the incubation period.3. In H. eurysternus the average length of the instars was: 1st, 4 days; 2nd, 4 days; 3rd, 4 days; pre-oviposition period, 3–4 days. The average time for the complete life cycle, egg to egg, was 28 days.4. The maximum longevity of H. eurysternus on the host was: males, 10 days; females, 16 days. No males or females of H. eurysternus survived a starvation period of 72 hr. at 20° C. and R.H. 70 or 0–10° C. and R.H. 70–85; but some nymphs survived this period at 20° C. and R.H. 70, but none survived 96 hr. starvation.5. The maximum number of eggs recorded for one female was 24; and eggs were laid at the rate of 1–4 a day.6. The threshold of development of the eggs of H. eurysternus appears to be about 27·5° C.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON AN UNCOMPLICATED CORYZA OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL

1936 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 759-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Fetal Membrane ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Original Strain ◽  
Slow Onset

Fetal membrane and tissue culture suspensions of the coccobacilliform bodies are infective for normal fowl. Intranasal injection is commonly followed by a coryza which is serially transmissible and communicable by direct contact. The specific bodies are generally demonstrable in the nasal exudate of birds infected either by injection or contact. Compared with the original strain of the coryza of slow onset the reaction produced by these suspensions is often less vigorous; the incidence of apparent cases, characterized by a nasal discharge, being 97 per cent and 53 per cent, respectively. The apparent cases are similarly characterized by a long incubation period and a tendency towards chronicity.

scholarly journals Biology of the Wild SilkmothAnaphe panda(Boisduval) in the Kakamega Forest of Western Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mbahin ◽  
S. K. Raina ◽  
E. N. Kioko ◽  
J. M. Mueke
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Kakamega Forest ◽  
Pupal Period ◽  
Indigenous Forest

A study on the life cycle of the silkmothAnaphe panda(Boisduval) was conducted in two different habitats of the Kakamega Forest in western Kenya: Ikuywa, an indigenous forest, and Isecheno, a mixed indigenous forest. Eggs were laid in clusters, and the incubation period ranged from 40 to 45 days. Larvae fed onBridelia micrantha(Hochst) and passed through seven instars. The developmental period took between 83 to 86 days in the dry season and 112 to118 days in the rainy season. The pupal period ranged between 158 and 178 days in the rainy season and, on the other hand, between 107 and 138 days in the dry season. But the later caught up in development with those that formed earlier. Moths emerged from mid-October until mid-May. Longevity of adultAnaphe pandamoths took between 4 and 6 days, but generally females seemed to live longer than males. The moth also seems to have higher lifespan in the indigenous forest compared to the mixed indigenous forest.

scholarly journals Monitoring the phenology of Forsythia velutina, an endemic plant of Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-363
Author(s):  
Jung-Won Sung ◽  
Geun-Ho Kim ◽  
Kyeong-Cheol Lee ◽  
Yun-Jin Shim ◽  
Shin-Gu Kang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Basic Data ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Endemic Plants ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

Background and objective: This study was conducted on Forsythia velutina, a special plant, in Gyeongsangnam-do Arboretum under the Gyeongsangnam-do Forest Environment Research Institute, which is located in the southern part of Korea. Methods: The research aimed to analyze the flowering characteristics of the plant by calculating the optimal temperature and humidity according to the flowering time and flowering period for 8 years from 2010 to 2017 in order to provide basic data for bioclimate studies of endemic plants. Results: It was observed that the Forsythia velutina showed a life cycle from mid-March and to mid-November. Average growth period was 243 (± 6.5) days. In testing the reliability of a single variable according to the meteorological factors, the Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.701, which indicates that the findings were relatively reliable. The average date of flowering was March 16 (SD = 5.8) and the average date on which blossoms fall was March 29 (SD = 5.2). A substantial difference in flowering period was observed from year to year 11 to 23 days, with an average of 16 days (± 4.7). The temperature and humidity in February to March, which affect the flowering, were 2.9-5.5℃, and 66.5-73.0%, respectively, and showed differences every year. Conclusion: The correlation between flowering time and meteorological factors was positive, and the highest daily temperature and average daily temperature had the highest significance. When establishing basic data on plant species for the conservation of endemic plants, the changes in life cycle events and weather conditions are identified. It is believed that it will be helpful in establishing a conservation strategy for the plant species in the future.

Some aspects of the life cycle of the tick ixodes pilosus under laboratory conditions

1991 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Rechav
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
The Mean

Some aspects of the life cycle of the tick Ixodes pilosus were studied under laboratory conditions. The preoviposition period was 7,2 ± 0,6 d. Maximum egg production was on Day 4 after oviposition commenced, with total egg production of 2 395 ± 128,7 eggs per female. The mean feeding time of larvae was 3,3 ± 0,1 d. The life cycle could not be completed due to the specific requirements of this species.

Investigations into the free-living phase of the life-cycle of Nematodirus helvetianus

Parasitology ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The free-living phase of the life-cycle of Nematodirus helvetianus was studied out of doors on grass plots and the effects of temperature and humidity on the free-living stages were studied in the laboratory. The results of these observations are discussed in relation to the bionomics of N. battus and N. filicollis, and tentative deductions made regarding the epidemiology of N. helvetianus infection.I wish to thank Mr J. Bailey for technical assistance.

scholarly journals Effect of Acetonic Extracts of Calotropis procera R Br.in (Ait.) on Reproductive Potential of Flat Grain Beetle Cryptolestes pusillus (Schon.) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae)

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
W Islam
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Oviposition Rate ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Cryptolestes Pusillus

Acetonic extracts of Akanda was tested against different parameters of the life cycle of Cryptolestes pusillus. The lowest and highest oviposition rate (0.89±0.26 and 2.67±0.33 egg/female/day), hatching rate (14.67±0.53 % and 51.11±0.59 %), adult emergence (16.89 % and 40.89 %), and longevity (male 64.78±1.01day and 105.67±1.09 day) and female (69.56 ± 0.38 day and 113.22±0.57 day) were found in doses (552.413 and 163.678?gcm-2) whereas in control they were 4.89±0.35 egg/female/day, 91.22±1.02 %, 88.44 %, 156.11±1.37 day and 169.67±2.52 day respectively. But highest and lowest incubation period (7.33±0.33 day and 4.89±0.35 day) and developmental period (71.67±0.60 and 39.89±0.26 days) occurred in the same doses and in control these are 4.11±0.26 egg/female/day and 33.44±0.50days. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 42(2), 157-162, 2007

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document