Minimising cold damage during reproductive development among temperate rice genotypes. I. Avoiding low temperature with the use of appropriate sowing time and photoperiod-sensitive varieties

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Farrell ◽  
S. Fukai ◽  
R. L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitivity ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Cold Damage ◽  
Temperature Damage ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitive

Multiple-sown field trials in 4 consecutive years in the Riverina region of south-eastern Australia provided 24 different combinations of temperature and day length, which enabled the development of crop phenology models. A crop model was developed for 7 cultivars from diverse origins to identify if photoperiod sensitivity is involved in determining phenological development, and if that is advantageous in avoiding low-temperature damage. Cultivars that were mildly photoperiod-sensitive were identified from sowing to flowering and from panicle initiation to flowering. The crop models were run for 47 years of temperature data to quantify the risk of encountering low temperature during the critical young microspore stage for 5 different sowing dates. Cultivars that were mildly photoperiod-sensitive, such as Amaroo, had a reduced likelihood of encountering low temperature for a wider range of sowing dates compared with photoperiod-insensitive cultivars. The benefits of increased photoperiod sensitivity include greater sowing flexibility and reduced water use as growth duration is shortened when sowing is delayed. Determining the optimal sowing date also requires other considerations, e.g. the risk of cold damage at other sensitive stages such as flowering and the response of yield to a delay in flowering under non-limiting conditions. It was concluded that appropriate sowing time and the use of photoperiod-sensitive cultivars can be advantageous in the Riverina region in avoiding low temperature damage during reproductive development.

scholarly journals The photoperiodic control of growth and development of Chenopodium rubrum L. plants in vitro

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Mitrovic ◽  
Z. Giba ◽  
Ljubinka Culafic
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Chenopodium Rubrum ◽  
Development In Vitro ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitive

Influence of the photoperiod on growth, flowering, and seed development in vitro of Chenopodium rubrum L., a short day annual, was examined. Chenopodium rubrum plants modify their growth and reproductive development in accordance with the photoperiod. With an increase of day length, growth was stimulated, flowering was delayed, seed development occurred earlier, and the plants produced more seeds. By altering photoperiods during induction and evocation of flowering, it is shown that the photoperiod experienced by seedlings during early reproductive development determines the pattern of plant growth to the end of ontogenesis, the time to flowering, and the course of seed development. It is therefore concluded that growth and reproductive development of C. rubrum are photoperiod-sensitive to during a precise short part of its life cycle. .

Agronomic studies on pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.). I. Field responses to sowing time

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
JO Akinola ◽  
PC Whiteman
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Photoperiodic Responses ◽  
Plot Design

A split-plot design was used to investigate the vegetative and reproductive responses of two earlymaturing and two late-maturing Cajanus cajan accessions to eight sowing dates. Pre-flowering to pod-ripening durations varied, depending upon interactions between climatic factors and the photoperiodic responses of the accessions. Quantitative short-day, day-neutral or nearly day-neutral, and intermediate photoperiodic forms were identified. Relationships between day length, radiation, growing degree-days, and seed yield per hectare based on individual monthly harvests and harvest index were established for a sowing density of 2990 plants ha-1. Optimum sowing times were identified as late November-mid January for dry seed production in the latematuring accessions, and not later than December for periodic green pod picking in the earlymaturing accessions.

Application of physiological understanding in soybean improvement. I. Understanding phenological constraints to adaptation and yield potential

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Lawn ◽  
A. T. James
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Eastern Australia

The purpose of this paper and its companion1 is to describe how, in eastern Australia, soybean improvement, in terms of both breeding and agronomy, has been informed and influenced over the past four decades by physiological understanding of the environmental control of phenology. This first paper describes how initial attempts to grow soybean in eastern Australia, using varieties and production practices from the southern USA, met with limited success due to large variety × environment interaction effects on seed yield. In particular, there were large variety × location, variety × sowing date, and variety × sowing date × density effects. These various interaction effects were ultimately explained in terms of the effects of photo-thermal environment on the phenology of different varieties, and the consequences for radiation interception, dry matter production, harvest index, and seed yield. This knowledge enabled the formulation of agronomic practices to optimise sowing date and planting arrangement to suit particular varieties, and underpinned the establishment of commercial production in south-eastern Queensland in the early 1970s. It also influenced the establishment and operation over the next three decades of several separate breeding programs, each targeting phenological adaptation to specific latitudinal regions of eastern Australia. This paper also describes how physiological developments internationally, particularly the discovery of the long juvenile trait and to a lesser extent the semi-dwarf ideotype, subsequently enabled an approach to be conceived for broadening the phenological adaptation of soybeans across latitudes and sowing dates. The application of this approach, and its outcomes in terms of varietal improvement, agronomic management, and the structure of the breeding program, are described in the companion paper.

Day-length influence on reproductive development and tillering in ‘Fergus’ barley

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (23) ◽  
pp. 2770-2775 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Fairey ◽  
L. A. Hunt ◽  
N. C. Stoskopf
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Spikelet Number ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Initial Formation ◽  
Double Ridge

Effects of variation in day length on spikelet and tiller development were studied in a two-rowed barley, Hordeum vulgare L. cultivar ‘Fergus.’ Spikelet number and the length of the spikelet-forming phase increased with progressive reductions in day length from 24 to 12 h. However, increases in spikelet number were offset by abortion of spikelet primordia during spikelet differentiation and elongation of the stem internodes. Floral initiation occurred at all day lengths, but intemode elongation and heading were markedly delayed at 12 h. The cessation of spikelet initial formation and the beginning of internode elongation did not occur simultaneously in any day length. The latter began just before or at double ridge formation.Tiller numbers were highest at 12 h and progressively decreased in longer day lengths. Each plant produced four primary tillers at all day lengths, and differences in tiller number were accounted for by secondary and tertiary tiller production.

Environmental and Genetic Control of Reproduction in Danthonia caespitosa Populations

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Hodgkinson ◽  
JA Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Floral Induction ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
The North ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Controlled Environments

Seedlings and older plants of five populations of Danthonia caespitosa from south-eastern Australia were grown in controlled environments and in a transplant garden to determine the effect of day length, temperature, and vernalization of floral initiation and inflorescence development. The populations were selected from widely separated sites which spanned the latitudinal range (31-42°S.) for the species and extended from a hot, semiarid environment in the north to a relatively cool and moist temperature environment in the south. Examination of herbarium specimens indicated that seed set could occur as early as mid September at the northern limit for the species and not before mid January at the southern limit (Tasmania). In a uniform transplant garden located at Deniliquin (latitude 35° 23′S.) plants from the northern site reached anthesis 4 weeks earlier than plants from southern sites. Controlled environment experiments revealed that D. caespitosa is a long-day plant. Northern populations required a 9 . 5 hr day length or longer for floral induction compared with 11 hr or longer for southern populations. The number of days in inductive conditions (outside, day length 13.5 hr) required for floral initiation was 5-7 for the three most northern populations and 21-25 days for the two southern populations. Inflorescence development (initiation to flag leaf stage) was considerably slower in southern populations. All but the most northern population responded to vernalization. Flowering was earlier in temperatures that were optimal for plant growth. At high temperatures (36/31°C day/night) flowering was not significantly delayed for the three most northern populations, but was for the two southern populations, and florets contained caryopses in only the three northern populations. These results suggest that in cool and moist temperate habitats reproduction of this species is programmed by day length and temperature effects on floral initiation and development to coincide with a predictable growing season, whereas in hot semiarid habitats this control is relaxed, which permits opportunistic reproduction whenever soil moisture and temperature permit growth.

scholarly journals Effect of sowing time on growth and yield attributes of three mustard cultivars grown in Tidal Floodplain of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
MAR Sharif ◽  
MZ Haque ◽  
MHK Howlader ◽  
MJ Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The experiment was conducted at the field laboratory of the Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh during the period from November, 2011 to March 2012 under the tidal Floodplain region to find out optimum sowing time for the selected three cultivars (BARI Sharisha-15, BINA Sharisha-5 and BARI Sharisha-9). There were four sowing dates viz. 30 November, 15 December, 30 December and 15 January. Significant variations due to different sowing dates were observed in plant height, total dry matter, leaf area index, number of siliqua plant-1, seeds silique-1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and HI. Results showed that the highest grain yield (1.73 t ha-1) was obtained from the first sowing (30 November) with BINA Sharisha-5 and it was significantly different from the yields of all other combination.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(2): 155-160, December 2016

scholarly journals Joint transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals the mechanism of low-temperature tolerance in Hosta ventricosa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259455
Author(s):  
QianQian Zhuang ◽  
Shaopeng Chen ◽  
ZhiXin Jua ◽  
Yue Yao
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Content Ratio ◽  
Temperature Damage ◽  
Hosta Ventricosa

Hosta ventricosa is a robust ornamental perennial plant that can tolerate low temperatures, and which is widely used in urban landscaping design in Northeast China. However, the mechanism of cold-stress tolerance in this species is unclear. A combination of transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis was used to explore the mechanism of low-temperature tolerance in H. ventricosa. A total of 12 059 differentially expressed genes and 131 differentially expressed metabolites were obtained, which were mainly concentrated in the signal transduction and phenylpropanoid metabolic pathways. In the process of low-temperature signal transduction, possibly by transmitting Ca2+ inside and outside the cell through the ion channels on the three cell membranes of COLD, CNGCs and CRLK, H. ventricosa senses temperature changes and stimulates SCRM to combine with DREB through the MAPK signal pathway and Ca2+ signal sensors such as CBL, thus strengthening its low-temperature resistance. The pathways of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolism represent the main mechanism of low-temperature tolerance in this species. The plant protects itself from low-temperature damage by increasing its content of genistein, scopolentin and scopolin. It is speculated that H. ventricosa can also adjust the content ratio of sinapyl alcohol and coniferyl alcohol and thereby alter the morphological structure of its cell walls and so increase its resistance to low temperatures.When subjected to low-temperature stress, H. ventricosa perceives temperature changes via COLD, CNGCs and CRLK, and protection from low-temperature damage is achieved by an increase in the levels of genistein, scopolentin and scopolin through the pathways of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis.

scholarly journals ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ СОРТІВ ПШЕНИЦІ ОЗИМОЇ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД СТРОКІВ СІВБИ В УМОВАХ ПІВНІЧНОЇ ЧАСТИНИ ЛІВОБЕРЕЖНОГО ЛІСОСТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ

2013 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
А. В. Мельник ◽  
М. Г. Собко ◽  
О. О. Дубовик
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Sowing Dates

За результатами досліджень встановлено, що ви-щі показники продуктивності рослин формуються засівби в період із 10 по 20 вересня. Для більшості сор-тів сівба 20 вересня сприяла найбільшому прояву їхгенетичного потенціалу за показниками продуктив-ності. Встановлена закономірність зниження проду-ктивності в разі відхилення строків сівби від опти-мальних як у бік ранніх (10 вересня), так і пізніх (1 та10 жовтня). Сівба у пізні строки зумовлює різкезниження продуктивності пшениці озимої. Отже,оптимальними строками сівби для умов північноїчастини лівобережного Лісостепу України слід вва-жати 10–20 вересня. Thus, the optimal conditions for the northern part of the Left Bank steppe of Ukraine sowing dates should be considered 10-th – 20-th of September. For most varieties sowing on September the 20-th contributed to greater performance of their genetic potential in terms of productivity. The stated regularity of productivity loss have been stated at a deviation from the optimum sowing time to earlier (September the 10-th) and later (1-st and 10-th of October). Sowing in the later periods in most years leads to greater yield reduction than at early sowing.

scholarly journals Performance of Wheat as Affected by Different Irrigation Levels and Sowing Dates

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Md Sohel Mahmud ◽  
Md Jafar Ullah ◽  
Md Abdullahil Baque ◽  
Lutfun Naher ◽  
Sayed Mohammad Mohsin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Plot Design

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of irrigations and sowing dates on growth and yield performance of wheat in the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of November 18, 2012 to March 30, 2013. The experiment was comprised of two factors, viz. factor A: two irrigations namely irrigation (I) and no irrigation i.e. control (I0), and factor B: three sowing dates such as S1: 1st sowing on 18 November, S2: 2nd sowing on 03 December and S3: 3rd sowing on 18 December. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Irrigation was assigned in the main plot, while sowing time was in the sub-plots. Data on grain yield and different yield contributing characters were taken after harvest. Results indicated that the highest grain yield was obtained with I (2.915 t ha-1) and S1 (2.983 t ha-1). The interaction of irrigation (I) and sowing on 18 November (S1) showed the maximum yield (3.387t ha-1), spike length (17.08 cm), 1000 grain weight (43.4 g), spikelets spike-1 (20.03) and grain spike-1 (65.58) of wheat.The Agriculturists 2016; 14(2) 77-85

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