Influence of whole wheat feeding on the development of gastrointestinal tract and performance of broiler chickens

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ravindran ◽  
Y. B. Wu ◽  
D. G. Thomas ◽  
P. C. H. Morel
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Ground Wheat

The main aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in the relative growth of digestive organs of broilers as influenced by whole wheat feeding and age of birds. The secondary aim was to examine the effects of whole wheat feeding on broiler performance over a 5-week feeding period. Diets containing ground wheat and whole wheat (100 and 200 g/kg whole wheat replacing ground wheat during 1–21 days and 22–35 days, respectively) were placed in 4 replicate pens (46 birds/pen) each. Throughout the 5-week trial, the birds offered feed containing wheat as whole grain grew slower (P < 0.05) and consumed less (P < 0.05) feed than those offered feed containing ground wheat. Feed-to-gain ratio was not influenced (P > 0.05) by the form of wheat during the first 2 weeks, but was significantly lowered (P < 0.05) by whole wheat feeding from 3 weeks onwards. Over the 5-week period, the feed-to-gain ratio of birds fed the whole-wheat diet was 7 points better (P < 0.05) than of those fed the ground wheat diet. Improved feed efficiency from Week 3 onwards coincided with significant increases (P < 0.05) in the relative weights of the gizzard in birds fed the whole-wheat diet. Whole-wheat inclusion had no effect (P > 0.05) on the relative weights of crop, proventriculus, and pancreas or on the relative weight and length of the small intestine. The relative weights of storage sections of the gastrointestinal tract (crop, proventriculus, and gizzard) steadily declined during the 5-week period. The relative weights of pancreas and liver increased to Day 14 and decreased thereafter. The relative weights of intestinal segments were maximal during Weeks 1 and 2 of life, and declined rapidly with age. In general, the growth of different segments of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) followed a similar pattern. The intestinal mass, measured as g tissue/cm tissue, steadily increased over the trial period, indicating that, although the relative size of the intestine declines with age, this decline is compensated by increased intestinal mass to support the nutrient supply function to the demand tissues.

scholarly journals Effect of different level of rosemary leave powder in diet on blood metabolites, carcass characteristics and broiler performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Roudgar Amoli ◽  
Kaveh Jafari Khorshdidi ◽  
Mohammad Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Broiler Feed

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of rosemary powder in diet on blood metabolite and performance of broiler chickens. 180 one day broiler chicks were distributed in a completely randomize design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates and 15 bird in each. Experimental treatments were included: Control (without additive), 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 percent of rosemary in diet. In 42 day of age one bird from each replicate was selected and slaughtering for carcass traits. The results were sowed use of 0.05 percent of rosemary could be significantly increased feed intake of broiler in starter period (p<0.05). Also use of 0.1 percent of rosemary caused to significantly increase broiler body weight gain in overall of rearing period than 0.2 percent group (p<0.05). Use of 0.1 percent rosemary in diet had a significantly  feed conversion ratio (FCR) than T4 (0.2% rosemary). Experimental treatments had no significant effect on carcass traits, except in liver percent weight, which had significantly higher in T2 group (p<0.05). Also experimental treatments had no significant effect on glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride level of broiler chickens in 42 day of age. The results of this experiment showed use of rosemary powder could be improved broiler feed intake in starter period.

Effect of dietary Phytase and NSP-degrading enzymes in diets containing rape seed meal on broiler performance

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 236-236
Author(s):  
M R Ghorbani ◽  
J Fayazi ◽  
M Chaji ◽  
H Roshanfekr
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Phytase Activity ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Locally Grown ◽  
Amino Acid Combination

In comparison to 44% crude protein of soybean meal (SBM), the protein content of rapeseed meal (RSM) is about 35-40% and has a physiologically suitable amino acid combination in animal nutrition, but RSM contains nutritionally unfavourable substances such as glucosinolates, sinapin, tannin, phytate and non starch polysaccharides (NSP) (Kocher et al., 2000). Enzymes have the potential to be used in diets contain antinutritional factors that hinder nutrient availability. NSPs include cellulose, B-glucans, arabinoxylans, and pectins that may increase viscosity of digesta and cause a decrease in nutrient digestibility and performance of broiler chickens. Phytase activity from digestive secretions, some feed ingredients, resident bacteria, exogenous microorganisms, or both resident bacteria and exogenous microorganisms is present in the digestive tract of broiler chickens (Kornegay, 2001), but its efficiency at a practical level is very low. It is accepted that broilers lack sufficient levels of phytase activity to effectively hydrolyse the phytate molecule. Phytate-bound P is not well digested, so inorganic P is added to broiler diets that increased feed costs (Lescoat et al., 2005). The purpose of this study was to investigate the replacement value of SBM with locally grown RSM and two types of enzymes (NSP-degrading and phytase) on performance of broiler chickens.

Comparative gross morphology of the digestive tract in ten Didelphidae marsupial species

Mammalia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.T. Santori ◽  
D. Astua De Moraes ◽  
Rui Cerqueira
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Marsupial Species

Natural diets of Didelphidae species vary in the amounts of invertebrates, fruits and small vertebrates eaten. We investigated the digestive morphology of ten species of didelphid marsupials varying in food habits. The purpose was to describe and to compare the shape and relative size of the digestive tract portions among species studied and relate them to food habits. The form of the gastrointestinal tract in this family is simple, with a unilocular stomach, small intestine, large intestine and caecum.

scholarly journals Influence of the method of whole wheat inclusion on performance and caecal microbiota profile of broiler chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yashpal Singh ◽  
Abdul Latiff Molan ◽  
Velmurugu Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Hybridisation Analysis ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ground Wheat ◽  
Caecal Microbiota ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

SummaryA study was conducted to investigate the effect of method of whole wheat inclusion on performance and caecal microbiota profile of broiler chickens. Fluorescencein situhybridisation analysis was used to characterise the microbiota by using genus-specific probes. Three treatments, namely, ground wheat (GW) or 200 g/kg whole wheat (WW) replacing GW before or after pelleting were evaluated. A total of 144, one-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were allocated to 18 cages (eight broilers per cage) based on body weight and six cages were randomly assigned to each treatment. The diets were offeredad libitumfrom day 11 to 35 post-hatch. The WW fed birds, regardless of the method of inclusion, resulted in poorer weight gain (P < 0.05) and reduced feed intake (P < 0.001), but a similar feed per gain (P > 0.05) compared to those fed the GW diet. The WW diet, regardless to the method of inclusion, had no effect (P > 0.05) on the populations ofLactobacillusandBacteroides spp.compared with the GW diet. TheBifidobacterium spp.population was higher (P < 0.05) in birds fed the GW diet compared with WW feeding, regardless of the method of inclusion. A reduction (P < 0.05) in the numbers of pathogenicClostridiumandCampylobacter spp.were observed in caecal samples from birds fed WW diets, regardless of method of inclusion, compared with those fed the GW diet, which was attributed to increased gizzard activity. Birds fed WW diets, regardless to the method of inclusion, showed a reduction in gizzard pH (P < 0.05), microbial gas production (P < 0.05), and an increase in gizzard weight (P < 0.05) relative to the GW treatment. The results indicated that the gizzard has an important function as a barrier organ, one that prevents pathogenic bacteria from entering the distal digestive tract.

Performance of broilers fed with different levels of sunflowermeal supplemented with or without enzymes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ergin Ozturk
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design

In this study, it was aimed to determine the performances and some carcass and small intestine properties of broiler chickens fed diets in which sunflower meal (SFM) replaced soybean meal (SBM) and supplemented or not with multi-enzyme. With this aim, a total of 450 1-day-old age mixed-sex Ross 308 broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and three replicates of thirty birds each. The experimental diets consisted of a control group and two levels of SFM with or without enzyme replacing 50 or 100% of SBM protein, respectively. Hence, treatment groups were: control (100SBM), 50SFM, 100SFM, 50SFME, and 100SFME). Feed and fresh water was given freely. At the end of the experiment (42 days of age), 100SBM broilers had higher body weight and cold carcass weight than all other groups (P is less than 0.05) and had lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to 50SFME broilers (P less than 0.05). Feed consumption, weights of hearth, liver, gizzard, abdominal fat and small intestine and length of small intestine were not found different among the groups (P is less than0.05). Our observations demostrated that addition of the 0.05% multi-enzyme mixture into SFM diets of broiler chickens had not positive impact on the availability of SFM and broiler performance

scholarly journals Effects of fumonisin B1 on selected biological responses and performance of broiler chickens

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1081-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo H. Rauber ◽  
Maurício S. Oliveira ◽  
Adriano O. Mallmann ◽  
Paulo Dilkin ◽  
Carlos A. Mallmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
And Performance

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of three doses of fumonisin B1 (0, 100, and 200mg/kg of feed) on biological variables (relative weight of liver [RWL], total plasma protein [TPP], albumin [Alb], calcium [Ca], phosphorus [P], uric acid [UA], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], gamma glutamyltransferase [GGT], alkaline phosphatase [AP], total cholesterol [Chol], triglycerides [Tri], sphinganine-to-sphingosine ratio [SA:SO], and C-reactive protein [CRP]), morphological evaluation of the small intestine (villus height [VH], crypt depth [CD], and villus-to-crypt ratio [V:C]), histological evaluation, and on performance (body weight [BW], feed intake [FI], and feed conversion rate [FCR]) of broiler chickens. Significant effects of FB were observed on BW and FI (reduced), on RWL, TPP, Ca, ALT, AST, GGT, Chol, and Tri (increased) at both 14 and 28 days evaluations. In addition, significant increase was observed on FCR, Alb, P, SA:SO, and CRP and significant reduction in UA, VH, and V:C only at the 28 days evaluation. Significant histological lesions were observed on liver and kidney of FB inoculated broilers at 14 and 28 days. Those results show that FB has a significant effect on biological and histological variables and on performance of broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Performance and Small Intestine Morphology and Ultrastructure of Male Broilers Injected in Ovo with Bioactive Substances

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Bogucka ◽  
Agata Dankowiakowska ◽  
Gabriela Elminowska-Wenda ◽  
Adrianna Sobolewska ◽  
Jan Jankowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Intestinal Villi

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to determine the effect of prebiotic and synbiotic preparations injected in ovo on day 12 of embryogenesis on both development of intestinal villi and the number of neutral goblet cells in the small intestine of male broiler chickens on day 35 of rearing. Eggs containing live embryos were randomly separated into five experimental groups (1800 eggs per group), and treated with different bioactive compounds by in ovo injection. The control group (C) was injected with physiological saline. The prebiotic groups (PI and PB) were injected with a solution containing 1.76 mg of inulin or with a solution containing 0.528 mg of Bi2tos. The injection solution for both synbiotic groups (SI and SB) consisted of 1.76 mg Inulin + 1000 CFU of L. lactis spp. lactis 2955 (SL1) or 0.528 mg Bi2tos + 1000 CFU of L. lactis spp. cremoris 477 (SC1). Samples for histological analysis were taken from the three segments of the small intestine: the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Broiler performance increased in the prebiotic group injected with Bi2tos when compared to both the control group and the prebiotic group injected with inulin. In relation to other groups, in the duodenum and ileum the highest intestinal villi were observed in chickens with the lowest body weight, i.e. groups C and PI. The smaller surface area of villi was found in the jejunum and ileum in group SB. As far as the jejunum and ileum are concerned, a significantly higher number of goblet cells was noted in groups PB and SB.

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