Effect of addition level of Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. on Broiler performances at starter period

Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. leaves are commonly used as food additives in many countries. Beside to improve taste, it is recognized to contain various compound groups namely alkaloid, saponins, flavonoids and tannins that have a role in antibacterial activity. However, the current research aim was to examine effect of using Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. leaves as feed additive in broilers. The method used was experiment, employing 6 treatments included P0: control feed; P0: control feed added with 0.1% zinc bacitracin; P1: control feed added with 0.5% Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. leaves powder; P2: control feed added with 1.0% Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. leaves powder; P3: control feed added with 1.5% Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. leaves powder; P4: control feed added with 2.0% Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. leaves powder. The variables measured were feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The results indicated that in all variables no significant results were reported. Those indicated that addition of Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. leaves powder in broiler feed did not affect growth performances of broiler. It is concluded that the use of Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. leaves powder as feed additive did not change growth of broiler, probably due partly to its antibacterial effect.

Effect of Adding Astaxanthin to The Diet on The Physical and Chemical Traits of The Broiler Chickens

The aim of this study was conducted to add low levels of Astaxanthin to the feed on some physical and chemical traits of broiler carcasses raised at 42 days of age. 240 unsexed chicks, one day age, used the ROSS 308 strain, which was distributed randomly into five treatments by 48 chicks/treatment, and each treatment was divided into three replicates (16 chicks/replicate). The chicks were fed on three diets that included the initiator, growth, and final (23, 21.5, and 19.44% crude protein), respectively. Representative energy has amounted to 3000.5, 3100.7, and 3199.25 kcal/kg feed, respectively. Astaxanthin powder was added to the diet at levels 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/Kg of feed (T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 treatments group), respectively. The results show the following: The treatments with Astaxanthin has recorded a significant improvement (P <0.01) in the percentages of liquids loss during cooking, drip and thawing loss, a significant increase in water holding capacity and pH in favor of the nutrient addition treatments compared to the control group. It, also, showed a significant improvement in the chemical traits of the Myoglobin and cholesterol concentration of minced chicken meat for the Astaxanthin treatments compared to the control group. It is concluded from the present study that the addition of low levels of Astaxanthin to broiler feed during the 42-day rearing period gave the best results in the physical and chemical traits of the carcass.

Fiber in Broiler Feed: Its Effect on Performance, Gastro-intestinal Tract, and Microbial Profile

<p>In AGP ban era, addition of a fiber source in broiler feed improves the performance and development of the gastrointestinal tract. This paper aims to describe the differences in fiber analysis methods and the effect of fiber source addition on growth, development of the gastrointestinal tract, and microbiota profile in the digestive tract of broilers. Oat hulls, sugar beet pulp, rice hulls, pea hulls, sunflower hulls, wheat bran, and wood have been tested as fiber source in broiler feed. The effectiveness of fiber in increasing growth performance and stimulating the development of the gastrointestinal tract were influenced by the physico-chemical properties, level of addition, particle size, and fraction composition of the fiber source. Exploration of local fiber sources from Indonesia, which can have ability to increase growth performance and gastrointestinal tract development of broilers is needed to support food security in the future.</p>

Deoxynivalenol damages the intestinal barrier and flora of the broiler chickens

BackgroundIn livestock feed industry, feed and feed raw materials are extremely susceptible to mycotoxin contamination. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the main risk factors of mycotoxin contamination in broiler feed and feedstuff, however, there are still few knowledges about tihs. Hence, the purpose of this study was to explore that the toxicity effect of DON on the intestinal barrier of broiler chickens and the microecological balance of the flora.ResultsIn our present study, we compared the pathological scores of the small intestines of broilers on the 5th, 7th and 10th day, and chose the 7th day to analyze the small intestine histomorphology, tight junctions and cecal flora of the broilers. The results showed the damage to the small intestine worsened over time, the small intestinal villi of broilers were breakaged, the tight junctions of the small intestine were destroyed, the cecal flora was unbalanced, and the growth performance of broilers was reduced on the 7th day.ConclusionsDON could damage the functional and structural completeness of intestinal tract, disorder the Intestinal flora, and finally lead to declined broiler’s performance. Our study provided a basis for the prevention and treatment of DON in broiler production.

Vegetable choline as a replacement for choline chloride in broiler feed

The objective of this study was to determine choline chloride replacement effects by a vegetable choline source, compost by Trachyspermum amni, Citrullus colocynthis, Achyranthus aspera, and Azadirachta indica in broiler feed. These compounds are fonts of phosphatidylcholine, a high-disponible molecule for intestinal absorption and choline supply. A total of 640 animals were randomly allocated in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and eight repetitions (n = 20), and zootechnical performance (body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and productive efficiency index), carcass yield, cuts yield, and organs (heart, liver, proventriculus, gizzard, and small intestine) relative weights were evaluated. Were evaluated two choline chloride levels (600 and 800 mg kg-1) and two vegetable choline levels (100 and 200 mg kg-1), added in a corn-soybean meal basal diet, during 42 days of raising. Results revealed better feed conversion ratio (p < 0.001) and production efficiency index (p < 0.001) in broilers fed vegetable choline, with no differences on body weight (p = 0.372) and weight gain (p = 0.427) among broilers. Carcass, cuts yield, and organ relative weights do not alter (p > 0.05) due to different group of supplementations. Findings in this trial concludes vegetable choline can adequately replace choline chloride in broiler feed, with improvement on performance and no compromising carcass, cuts or organ development.

The effect of Spirulina inclusion in broiler feed on meat quality: recent trends in sustainable production

This review covers the current situation of the use of Spirulina in poultry diets and discusses its benefits and challenges with particular emphasis on the effect of Spirulina supplementation on production performances and meat quality. Feed enriched with Spirulina influences broilers’ health by improving their immune response and gut function and increasing PUFA and pigment content in the meat. However, despite numerous studies, the effect of Spirulina on broiler performance remains unclear.

The evaluation of protease enzyme effectivenes in broiler chicken diet containing jack bean seed (Canavalia ensiformis) with different protein level toward internal organ size

This study was conducted with the intention of evaluating the use of the protease enzyme in broiler feed containing jack bean seed (Canavalia ensiformis) with the different levels of protein towards the internal organs of broiler chicken starter. Bird samples used were 24 broilers of the male lohmann strain taken from 120 chickens. The study design used was a factorial completely randomized design (FCRD) with 2 factors treatment and 3 replications (each replication used 2 samples of bird). The first factor was the level of protein (CP 22% and CP 19.5%) and the second factor was the use of enzymes (non-protease and protease). Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result showed that the use of low protein levels in broiler feed containing jack bean seed significantly (P <0.05) increased the percentage of pancreatic weights but could be improved by the use of protease enzymes. Levels of protein treatment did not significantly affect the percentage of heart, liver and bile weights. The use of protease enzymes significantly (P <0.05) decreased the percentage of pancreatic and bile weights but did not significantly affect the percentage of liver and heart weights.

Short communication: Pelleting increases the metabolizable energy of de-hulled sunflower seed meal for broilers

The study examined the effects of two methods of processing de-hulled sunflower seed meal (SFM) from the same batch of sunflower seeds. Sunflower seed meal was fed to broilers as meal (MSFM) or after it had been pelleted (PSFM) at 75 °C and 360 kPa pressure to pass through a 3 mm mesh. Three diets were prepared, namely a balancer feed (BF) and two diets containing 200 g/kg MSFM or 200 g/kg PSFM. They were fed to 30 pens (two birds each) with male Ross 308 broilers, from 8 to 21 days old, following randomization. Data were analysed by ANOVA. Two pre-planned orthogonal contrast tests were performed to compare overall differences between the diets containing SFM and BF and between diets containing the MSFM and PSFM. The BF had a very different nutrient composition from the complete feeds containing SFM so, as expected, there were differences in growth performance and nutrient retention. The diet containing PSFM had greater apparent metabolizable energy corrected for N retention (AMEn) and dry matter retention (DMR) than that containing MSFM. The use of the substitution method showed the PSFM had AMEn that was 18% greater than the MSFM (8.79 vs 7.47 MJ/kg DM). Under the conditions of the current study, incorporating PSFM in a mash broiler feed increased dietary AMEn compared with the same feed containing MSFM. Further studies are needed to identify whether the benefits of pre-pelleting SFM remain after this product has been incorporated in complete pelleted broiler feeds.