Screening cereals for genotypic variation in efficiency of phosphorus uptake and utilisation

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Osborne ◽  
Z. Rengel
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
P Content ◽  
Shoot Growth Rate ◽  
Utilisation Efficiency ◽  
P Supply

One hundred and six Australian cereal genotypes, including wheat, triticale, and rye, were screened for their ability to take up and utilise soluble phosphorus at different rates of P supply. Plants were screened in outdoor tanks irrigated at regular intervals with nutrient solution amended with 3 rates of P. Genotypes were ranked according to the following 3 criteria: shoot growth at deficient P supply, the relative shoot growth rate (dry weight at deficient P/dry weight at sufficient P), and phosphorus utilisation efficiency (amount of dry matter produced per unit of P accumulated in shoots corrected for seed P content). Considerable genotypic variation in growth and P utilisation efficiency was found in the cereal germplasm. Rye and triticale were generally more efficient in taking up and utilising P than wheat at low rates of P supply. Wheat genotypes Egret and Durati showed relatively high, and genotype Cadoux relatively low, P efficiency.

Genotypic differences in wheat for uptake and utilisation of P from iron phosphate

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 837 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Osborne ◽  
Z. Rengel
Keyword(s):  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Phosphorus Use Efficiency ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
P Supply

Two glasshouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the genotypic variation amongst cereal genotypes in phosphorus uptake from relatively insoluble iron phosphate. Optimum rates of iron phosphate were established by growing 3 wheat and 1 triticale genotype on an infertile sand amended with iron phosphate. Shoot dry weight of all genotypes showed a classic Mitcherlich response with 95% maximum growth achieved with 174�mg P/kg soil. Two rates of FePO4 were selected representing a deficient and sufficient supply (26 and 339 mg P/kg soil, respectively). These rates were used to screen 99 wheat, 8 triticale, and 4 cereal rye genotypes for phosphorus-use efficiency. Phosphorus efficiency was rated by 4 criteria: shoot dry weight at deficient P supply, shoot weight at deficient supply relative to shoot weight at sufficient P supply, P uptake efficiency (amount of P taken up per unit of P supplied), and P utilisation efficiency (shoot weight per unit P in plant). No genotypes were rated as efficient under all 4 criteria. Only 2 genotypes were rated efficient (rye Bevy, rye PC00361) and one inefficient (Machete) under 3 criteria. Seven genotypes were rated as efficient on 2 indices (wheat Chinese 80-55, Westonia, and Wawht 2147; triticale Treat, AT48-94, and TX93-78-1; rye Bulgarian Pento), whereas 7 genotypes were rated as inefficient on 2 indices (Boricuta, Cadoux, Cunderdin, Insignia, Kalingri, Perenjori, and triticale Abacus). Significant genotypic variation was identified in cereals in the ability to take up and utilise P from poorly soluble Fe-P, although all genotypes were able to utilise this source of phosphorus to some degree.

The phosphorus requirement of lettuce: II. A dynamic model of phosphorus uptake and growth

1973 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Scaife ◽  
R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
P Content ◽  
Phosphorus Requirement ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
P Supply

SummaryA dynamic model is presented in which the problem of predicting P response is broken down into various components, such as:(a) Weight and P content of emerging seedling.(b) Normal growth curve of the fully nourished plant.(c) A ‘deficiency-tolerance’ factor relating depression of relative growth rate to plant P concentration.(d) An ‘affinity’ term relating sink concentration to P status of plant.(e) A perirhizal resistance term for diffusive transport to roots.(f) Capacity and intensity of P supply from the soil. Mass flow supply via the transpiration stream is also included.By changing parameter values one may attempt to simulate the effect of any of these factors on the shape of the P response curve and any other part of the system throughout crop life. At present the model over-estimates growth at low levels of P supply, but predicted plant P concentrations agree reasonably well with observed data.

Growth and Development of Field Horsetail (Equisetum arvenseL.)

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Equisetum Arvense ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Shoot Growth Rate ◽  
Rhizome System

The growth and development of field horsetail (Equisetum arvenseL. # EQUAR) was measured outdoors using potted plants grown from one-node rhizome fragments. Shoot growth rate increased slowly after planting in March, accelerating to a maximum during July with maximas for shoot height during August and shoot number in September. Rhizome system growth rates initially followed a similar pattern to that of the shoots achieving a maximum during July. Dry matter accumulated in the rhizomes until October and declined thereafter throughout the winter. Tubers initiated during August grew in size and number until November, well beyond the period of active shoot growth and onset of senescence. The characteristics of the growth and development of field horsetail are discussed in relation to achieving weed control via cultural and herbicide treatments.

The growth of lodgepole pine seedlings raised under clear polythene cloches at five seedbed densities

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-428
Author(s):  
S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Foliage Weight

The components of shoot growth and dry matter production in 1 + 0 lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud. spp. contorta) seedlings raised under clear polythene cloches for 12 weeks at five seedbed densities (180–720 plants/m2) were studied. The greater plant height found at the highest seedbed density was the result of increased stem unit length, not increased number of stem units. The increase in plant dry weight as seedbed density decreased was largely due to greater dry weight of roots, branchwood, and branch foliage, and not to increases in stemwood and stem foliage weight. Seedbed densities of less than 460 seedlings/m2 are required to produce yields of suitably sturdy seedlings in excess of 50% of the crop.

Australian canola germplasm differs in nitrogen and sulfur efficiency

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Balint ◽  
Zdenko Rengel ◽  
David Allen
Keyword(s):  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Sulfur Supply ◽  
Utilisation Efficiency ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Eighty-four canola genotypes, including current commercial Australian genotypes, some older Australian genotypes, new breeding lines, and several genotypes from China, were screened for nitrogen and sulfur efficiency in the early growth stage. Plants were grown in a glasshouse using virgin brown Lancelin soil (Uc4.22) supplied with basal nutrients. The treatments were: (i) adequate nitrogen and sulfur, (ii) low nitrogen, and (iii) low sulfur. Canola shoots were harvested at 38 days after sowing when growth reduction and the nitrogen and sulfur deficiency symptoms were evident in most genotypes. The nitrogen or sulfur efficiency in canola genotypes was evaluated on the basis of: (1) growth at low nitrogen or sulfur supply, (2) growth at low relative to adequate nitrogen and sulfur supply, and (3) nitrogen or sulfur utilisation efficiency expressed as shoot dry weight per unit of nitrogen or sulfur content in shoots. Genotypic variation in growth and nitrogen or sulfur efficiency in canola germplasm was significant. Two genotypes (Chikuzen and 46C74) were ranked efficient and 2 inefficient (CBWA-005 and Beacon) in uptake and utilisation of nitrogen under all 3 criteria. In terms of sulfur efficiency, genotype Argentina was ranked efficient, whereas CBWA-003 and IB 1363 were classified inefficient under all 3 criteria. Two canola genotypes (Surpass 600 and 46C74) were both nitrogen- and sulfur-efficient in terms of relative growth at low v. adequate nutrition; their use in the breeding programs could be considered.

scholarly journals Bazı Sırık ve Bodur Fasulye Genotiplerinde Tuz Uygulamalarının Bitki Gelişimine Etkisi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1074-1082
Author(s):  
Enes Fidan ◽  
Aytekin Ekincialp
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
P Content ◽  
Plot Design

In this study, the responses of 20 different bean genotypes (13 pole and 7 dwarf) to salt (NaCl) stress at 0 mM, 25 mM and 50 mM were investigated. Salt application was performed together with irrigation water in the same time every day during 4 days. In the study, which was prepared according to randomized plot design with 3 replications, the plants were grown in the pots containing peat-perlite in a ratio of 2:1 under climatic conditions of 23±2°C. Root dry matter, root fresh and dry weight and some nutrient contents (Phosphorus-P, Copper-Cu, Zinc-Zn, Manganese-Mn, Iron-Fe and Magnesium-Mg) were investigated in order to determine salinity tolerance in bean genotypes. The data obtained from the study revealed that salt stress responds differently in both genotypes and applications. When the average of applications of 25 mM and 50 mM salt stress was examined, it was found that while root fresh and dry weight, root dry matter (%) and Fe content increased compared to control group, Mn and P content decreased. Among the genotypes exposed to salt stress, while four genotypes [two pole (numbered as 13 and 19) and two dwarf (numbered as 8 and 11)] were determined to be tolerant to salt, 3 genotypes [one pole (numbered as 14) and two dwarf (numbered as 18 and 20)] were evaluated as sensitive.

Phosphorus efficiency in pasture species. IV. Yield, efficiency parameters and partitioning of P in two white clover accessions under varying levels of P supply in solution culture

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Blair ◽  
EJ Wilson
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
P Supply

An experiment was conducted under controlled environment conditions in nutrient solution over four P levels (1,4, 8, 16 8mol P m-3) to evaluate the yield performance and P uptake of two accessions of white clover (Trifolium repens). The two accessions used were Naturalized, which was grown from a seed collection made from a low P soil on the Northern Tablelands of N.S.W., and cv. Ladino. Nutrient solutions were renewed when the P concentrations fell by a maximum of 10% and were pumped so that there was a flow rate of 4.4 L min-1 over the plant roots. The shoot and root fresh weight yield of Ladino was higher than Naturalized at all P levels. At 16 8mol P m-3 the shoot yield of Ladino was fourfold that of Naturalized; however, the relative yield response of Ladino between 1 and 16 8mol P m-3 was only 20% of the response of that in Naturalized. Phosphorus uptake was highest in Ladino at all P levels. The minimum shoot labile P concentrations recorded in this study were 1.1 and 2.5 8mol P g F.wt-1for Ladino and Naturalized respectively, indicating that Naturalized is capable of maintaining relatively high soluble tissue P levels under low P supply. The generally higher labile, lipid and residue P levels in new leaf, old leaf, stem and root in the Naturalized white clover accession indicate a lower efficiency of nutrient utilization in this collection compared to Ladino. In contrast to Ladino, Naturalized white clover may be able to control its P accumulation at high levels of supply, as toxic levels do not accumulate in old leaf. Ladino was the more efficient accession when P efficiency was defined as shoot yield per unit of P in solution. When P efficiency was defined as shoot or plant yield per unit of P absorbed or as the inverse of P concentration (utilization quotient), Ladino was the more efficient accession at 1 and 4 8mol P m-3, with only small differences between the accessions at 8 and 16 8mol P m-3. The results suggest that Naturalized may be adapted to low P supply through its low inherent growth rate which lowers its demand for exogenous P.

Effects of Fruiting, Defoliation and Ring-Barking on the Accumulation and Distribution of Dry Matter in Branches of Coffea Arabica L. in Kenya

1971 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. R. Cannell
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

SUMMARYWhole branches were removed from trees in the field, at regular intervals, to follow the increase in dry weight of fruits and new vegetative growth. Information on the partition of carbohydrates was gained by comparing the growth of untreated, defoliated, de-blossomed and ring-barked branches. Untreated branches increased in weight rapidly when their fruits began to expand, probably because they imported carbohydrates, and their net photosynthetic capacity increased. More young fruits were shed from defoliated than from untreated branches, thus partially compensating for loss of leaf. Non-fruiting, and sometimes fruiting, branches exported a considerable amount of assimilate during the dry seasons, when the trunk-root system was a relatively important dry matter sink. When there were many fruitless branches on fruiting trees, the fruiting branches imported carbohydrates from them during the whole period of fruit growth, whereas fruitless branches imported carbohydrates only when there was a ‘flush’ of shoot growth.

The growth of the lucerne plant after cutting: I. The effects of cutting at different stages of maturity and at different intensities

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Leach
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Extension Growth ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Shoot Size ◽  
Shoot Growth Rate ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Pasture Plants

Variation in shoot number, shoot size, and yield of dry matter occurring in the regrowth from lucerne plants cut at different stages of maturity and at different intensities is reported. The main effects of the treatments arose through variation in shoot number and changes in the time at which each shoot commenced extension growth; a linear regression utilizing this information about the population of shoots accounted for nearly all the variation in yield. Less severe, or later, cutting resulted in greater yields of dry matter in a 4 week period of regrowth. Changes in shoot number and shoot size both contributed to the variation in the yield of regrowth. Shoot size was mainly determined by the time at which the shoot resumed extension growth, and once such growth was resumed the shoot growth rate was apparently independent of the cutting treatment applied. The results are discussed in relation to currently held concepts on the role of "reserves" and of residual leaf area in promoting the regrowth of pasture plants. The development of lucerne adapted to grazing management is also considered.

scholarly journals SHOOT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF `STARKSPUR SUPREME DELICIOUS' VARIES WITH ROOTSTOCK.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1111f-1111
Author(s):  
Curt R. Rom
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Shoot Growth Rate ◽  
Old Trees

Shoot growth `Starkspur Supreme Delirious' on 10 different rootstock was measured on 3-, 4- and 6-year-old trees at weekly intervals from budbreak until terminal bud formation. Spur density, spur development, and extension shoot leaf area development were measured in September. Growth rate was analyzed by regression against chronological time and accumulated growing degree days using linear and nonlinear statistics.Rootstock affected shoot length, leaf number, leaf area, leaf size, leaf dry weight/leaf area and internode length. Trees on M.4, M.7 EMLA, P-1 and seedling had the longest shoots and highest shoot growth rate. Trees on P16 had least leaves and leaf area per shoot and smallest shoot leaves. Leaf dry wt./area were negatively correlated to leaf size. Typically, trees with shortest shoot length and smallest internode length had greatest spur density. Rootstock affected both rate and duration of shoot growth. Shoots on trees with P22 and P2 rootstocks grew for the shortest duration while trees on M.4 and M.7 EMLA grew for the longest period.

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