Genetics of late maturity α-amylase in a doubled haploid wheat population

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Tan ◽  
A. P. Verbyla ◽  
B. R. Cullis ◽  
P. Martin ◽  
A. W. Milgate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
B1 Gene ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
First Time

Late maturity α-amylase (LMA) in wheat is a defect where high-isoelectric point (pI) α-amylase accumulates in the ripening grain. Wheat genotypes vary in expression from zero to high levels of α-amylase, the latter with detrimental consequences on their use for value-added end products. Expression in each genotype is characterised by varying numbers of grains affected and different levels in each grain. Analysis of a doubled haploid (DH) population (188 lines) from WW1842 × Whistler has identified significant QTL on chromosomes 2DL, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4B, 4D, 5DS and 5BL. The 4B LMA allele (P < 0.0001) from Whistler is closely linked to the QTL for the ‘tall’ allele (P < 0.0001) of the Rht-B1 gene. The 4D LMA QTL (P < 0.0001) in WW1842 co-locates with the QTL for the ‘tall’ allele (P < 0.0001) of the Rht-D1 gene. This study has shown for the first time that a DH cross between two semi-dwarf cultivars with low or no LMA produces ~25% of progeny lines of the ‘tall’ genotypes with a high frequency of LMA. This is attributed to the large additive positive effects from the combination of one recessive ‘tall’ Rht-B1 gene and one recessive ‘tall’ Rht-D1 gene. High-yielding semi-dwarf genotypes with different combinations of Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 alleles which have very low or non-existent LMA expression (e.g. WW1842 and Whistler) may meet industry criteria for registration as commercial wheat varieties. However, when they are used as breeding lines, the cross produces some progeny genotypes with severe levels of LMA. These LMA genotypes comprise the gibberellic acid-sensitive ‘tall’ progenies and a very small proportion of semi-dwarfs. Thus, it is of paramount importance to screen the defect in wheat breeding programs. The suite of QTL identified for LMA will enable the use of marker assisted selection in the pyramiding of the beneficial QTL to maximise yield and minimise (or eliminate) LMA in semi-dwarf genotypes.

scholarly journals Morphological and Physiological Root Traits and Their Relationship with Nitrogen Uptake in Wheat Varieties Released from 1915 to 2013

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Puccio ◽  
Rosolino Ingraffia ◽  
Dario Giambalvo ◽  
Gaetano Amato ◽  
Alfonso S. Frenda
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Positive Effects

Identifying genotypes with a greater ability to absorb nitrogen (N) may be important to reducing N loss in the environment and improving the sustainability of agricultural systems. This study extends the knowledge of variability among wheat genotypes in terms of morphological or physiological root traits, N uptake under conditions of low soil N availability, and in the amount and rapidity of the use of N supplied with fertilizer. Nine genotypes of durum wheat were chosen for their different morpho-phenological characteristics and year of their release. The isotopic tracer 15N was used to measure the fertilizer N uptake efficiency. The results show that durum wheat breeding did not have univocal effects on the characteristics of the root system (weight, length, specific root length, etc.) or N uptake capacity. The differences in N uptake among the studied genotypes when grown in conditions of low N availability appear to be related more to differences in uptake efficiency per unit of weight and length of the root system than to differences in the morphological root traits. The differences among the genotypes in the speed and the ability to take advantage of the greater N availability, determined by N fertilization, appear to a certain extent to be related to the development of the root system and the photosynthesizing area. This study highlights some variability within the species in terms of the development, distribution, and efficiency of the root system, which suggests that there may be sufficient grounds for improving these traits with positive effects in terms of adaptability to difficult environments and resilience to climate change.

scholarly journals Effects of Post-Anthesis Heat Waves on the Grain Quality of Seven European Wheat Varieties

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Tomás ◽  
Wanda Viegas ◽  
Manuela Silva
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
First Time

Wheat is undoubtedly one of the most important crops worldwide and it is essential to study how the distinct varieties answer to heat waves associated with climatic changes, in order to design adequate wheat breeding strategies. To assess high temperature (HT) impact in wheat grain characteristics, seven commercial varieties, which have been recommended for production in Portugal, were submitted for one-week HT treatment ten days after anthesis. Firstly, predicted grain technological quality was determined by giving high scores for all varieties studied, based on the allelic compositions of genes encoding high molecular weight glutenins, granule-bound starch synthase and puroindolines. The effects of HT on transcription levels of those genes were, for the first time, evaluated in distinct wheat genotypes, in comparison with control plants. Finally, protein fraction content in mature grains were also estimated in untreated and treated plants. Immature grains from plants, maintained in control conditions, showed significant intervarietal differences in transcription levels of genes associated with grain quality traits, a variability that was significantly reduced in grains from HT treated plants. On the other hand, the influence of HT in mature grain protein-fractions and in gliadin/glutenin ratios revealed intervarietal diversity, even with opposite effects in some varieties. The present study, therefore, discloses marked variability in parameters associated with flour quality between the wheat varieties analyzed, which are differentially affected by HT treatments, similar to heat waves frequently observed in climate change scenarios.

Characterization of the high α -amylase levels in grain of the wheat cultivar BD 159

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Mares ◽  
K Mrva ◽  
JF Panozzo
Keyword(s):  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
New South ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Late Maturity

TThe advanced wheat breeding line BD 159, from Victoria, exhibited a wide variation in falling number values at trial sites in 1990 when corresponding values for standard cultivars were uniformly high. The variable and unpredictable behaviour of BD 159 appears to be typical of a number of advanced lines and parental stocks from Australian breeding programs. The grain samples of BD 159 with low falling numbers had elevated levels of a-amylase which was distributed evenly in the proximal and distal halves of the grains. This distribution pattern, which was quite distinct from the steep gradient in a-amylase activity typical of germinated grains, and the absence of any evidence of sprouting indicated that the anomalous behaviour of BD 159 is a new and different form of the late maturity a-amylase syndrome previously described in wheat varieties such as Spica and Lerma 52. The high levels of a-amylase were reproduced at Narrabri in northern New South Wales when plants were transplanted from the field and allowed to ripen in a cool temperature glasshouse. Plants which were left to ripen in the field produced grain with a very low a-amylase activity.

Flour proteins linked to quality traits in an Australian doubled haploid wheat population

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Cornish ◽  
F. Békés ◽  
H. M. Allen ◽  
D. J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Dough Rheology ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Dough Strength ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
A Minor

The Cranbrook/Halberd doubled haploid population has provided a unique opportunity to examine in detail the contributions made by a number of different high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) glutenin alleles to the dough properties in a set of homogeneous lines of wheat. A range of different instruments was employed, including Farinograph, Extensograph, Do-Corder, Resistograph, and GRL/EasyMix, to study the dough rheology of the lines from 3 sites over 2 years. Correlation studies showed that 2 basic parameters (dough strength and extensibility) were measured by these different instruments. The results presented are mainly from the Extensograph, which is a major Australian standard for determining release and marketing classification of Australian wheats. Approaches to investigate the data include bulk segregant analysis, distribution of protein alleles in the population, and multiple linear regression. As expected, the HMW glutenin alleles made a major contribution to dough strength, with a minor, but not insignificant, contribution from the LMW glutenin alleles. From a knowledge of their glutenin alleles, a glutenin strength score (GSS) was devised to allow breeders to rank the dough strength of various lines. The GSS scoring system is based on both HMW and LMW glutenin alleles, adding to a total out of 10. Extensibility, on the other hand, was predominantly influenced by protein levels in the flour and environmental conditions such as site and season. However, the LMW glutenin alleles make a significant genetic contribution to the extensibility, which can be assessed by using a glutenin extensibility score. These two glutenin quality scores currently include only the alleles present in the parents, Cranbrook and Halberd, but this could be expanded to include a wider range of alleles by analysis of the quality data from other doubled haploid populations. These quality scores would then be an extremely useful tool for assessing the potential quality of parental and early generation germplasm in wheat breeding programs, by a knowledge of the allelic composition of their HMW and LMW glutenins.

scholarly journals Markers Linked to Wheat Stem Rust Resistance Gene Sr11 Effective to Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Race TKTTF

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1352-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayaveeramuthu Nirmala ◽  
Shiaoman Chao ◽  
Pablo Olivera ◽  
Ebrahiem M. Babiker ◽  
Bekele Abeyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines

Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, can cause severe yield losses on susceptible wheat varieties and cultivars. Although stem rust can be controlled by the use of genetic resistance, population dynamics of P. graminis f. sp. tritici can frequently lead to defeat of wheat stem rust resistance genes. P. graminis f. sp. tritici race TKTTF caused a severe epidemic in Ethiopia on Ug99-resistant ‘Digalu’ in 2013 and 2014. The gene Sr11 confers resistance to race TKTTF and is present in ‘Gabo 56’. We identified seven single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers linked to Sr11 from a cross between Gabo 56 and ‘Chinese Spring’ exploiting a 90K Infinium iSelect Custom beadchip. Five SNP markers were validated on a ‘Berkut’/‘Scalavatis’ population that segregated for Sr11, using KBioscience competitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) assays. Two of the SNP markers, KASP_6BL_IWB10724 and KASP_6BL_IWB72471, were predictive of Sr11 among wheat genetic stocks, cultivars, and breeding lines from North America, Ethiopia, and Pakistan. These markers can be utilized to select for Sr11 in wheat breeding and to detect the presence of Sr11 in uncharacterized germplasm.

scholarly journals How do eyespot resistance genes transferred into winter wheat breeding lines affect their yield?

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Kwiatek ◽  
Halina Wiśniewska ◽  
Marek Korbas ◽  
Magdalena Gawłowska ◽  
Jolanta Belter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Aegilops Ventricosa ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Eyespot Resistance ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Resistance Expression

Abstract Eyespot can reduce yields, even up to 50%. There are four genetically characterized resistances in wheat varieties, controlled by: (1) the Pch1 gene, transferred from Aegilops ventricosa; (2) the Pch2 gene, originating from wheat variety Capelle Desprez; (3) the Pch3 gene, originating from Dasypyrum villosum; and (4) the Q.Pch.jic-5A gene, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) located on chromosome 5A of Capelle Desprez. However, those loci have drawbacks, such as linkage of Pch1 with deleterious traits and limited effectiveness of Pch2 against the disease. Here we present an initial study which aims to characterize wheat pre-registration breeding lines carrying 12 eyespot resistance genes, consider their resistance expression in inoculation tests and the influence of resistance genotypes on the yield. We selected four groups of breeding lines, carrying: (1) the Pch1 gene alone: one line; (2) the Pch2 gene alone: four lines; (3) the Q.Pch.jic-5A gene alone: one line; and (4) Pch1 + Q.Pch.jic-5A: three lines. For the first time, the effect of the combination of Pch1 and Q.Pch.jic-5A genes was compared with resistance conferred by Pch1 or Q.Pch.jic-5A alone. We found significant differences between infection scores evaluated in resistant lines carrying Pch1 and Q.Pch.jic-5A alone, while no differences in terms of the level of resistance expression were detected between Pch1 alone and Pch1 + Q.Pch.jic-5A, and between wheat lines carrying Pch1 and Pch2 alone. Moreover, we demonstrated that the Pch1 gene, together with an Ae. ventricosa segment, caused statistically significant yield losses, both as a single eyespot resistance source or in a combination with Q.Pch.jic-5A. Yield scores showed that wheat lines with Q.Pch.jic-5A had the highest yields, similar to the yielding potential of Pch2-bearing lines and control varieties.

scholarly journals Grain size and other agronomical traits variation in a winter wheat population of doubled haploid lines

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1369-1386
Author(s):  
Sorin CIULCA ◽  
Aurel GIURA ◽  
Adriana CIULCA
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Agronomical Traits

In wheat, the size of the grain, respectively its dimensions as well as degree of filled, are important characteristics on which depends both the weight of the grain and yield of flour, the quality of milling and baking as well as the production capacity of the respective genotype. This paper presents the results obtained by studying for three years, under field condition, 85 doubled haploid (DH) lines obtained from the F1’s of ‘G.603-86’ (large grains genotype) × ‘F.132’ (normal grains genotype) crosses using biotechnological Zea system. The environmental conditions of the three years had an important contribution on the genotype × year interaction, which showed also a higher influence on 1000 kernel weight (TKW). The variability of plant height and ear emergence data was also affected to a similar extent by this interaction. Based on the performed results and analyses, were highlighted lines which show high and stable values of TKW (54-64 g), associated with a plants height of approximately 85-100 cm and an ear emergence from May 11 to 17, under some climatic conditions similar to the period of study. These doubled haploids lines can be considered as promising genotypes for using in wheat breeding programs in order to improve yield performances under temperate continental climate conditions.

scholarly journals History of wheat breeding in Latvia

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Vija Strazdiņa
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Varieties

History of wheat breeding in Latvia A gene pool of Latvian winter and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been created over a very long period, by collection, evaluation and selection of local genetic resources, and investigation of varieties and breeding lines from other countries in the world. It is not only a historical collection, but also serves as the foundation for research and plant breeding. National wheat germplasm is the framework for creating competitive winter and spring wheat varieties of grain with high yield, resistant to lodging and diseases, and quality acceptable for producers in the Baltic agroclimatical region. In Latvia, from 1920 to 1990, the selected wheat varieties were not stable pure lines, but mostly population varieties. After accession to UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants), the requirements for new varieties have changed, and only distinct, uniform and stable varieties, characterised by high economical value are registered in Plant Catalogues. To implement wheat breeding programmes it is necessary to improve breeding methods by plant tissue culture and production of doubled haploids (DH). During 90 years, 16 winter and 11 spring wheat varieties of bread wheat (Tr. aestivum L.) have been created at Priekuļi and Stende and introduced in the market. The achievements of several generations of Latvian wheat breeders are reviewed in this paper.

scholarly journals Methods for the development of the initial material in the process of winter durum wheat breeding and their efciency

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
N. E. Samofalova ◽  
N. P. Ilichkina ◽  
T. S. Makarova ◽  
О. А. Dubinina ◽  
О. А. Kostylenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
High Level

The success in development of winter durum wheat varieties with a high adaptability to abio- and biotic stress conditions, large and stable productivity is usually determined by the diversity of initial material and methods for its preparation. The most efective method to develop genetic variability among winter durum wheat varieties and other grain crops is hybridization (intraspecifc, interspecifc, and intergeneric). The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the breeding material obtained in the breeding process among intraspecifc and interspecifc hybrids of diferent types of hybridization according to the main economically valuable traits and properties and to identify a more efective method/type of hybridization. The object of the study was 28 breeding lines of durum winter wheat identifed from the following types of hybridization: the 1st type was T. winter durum x T. winter durum (paired and gradual), 7 samples; the 2nd  type was T. winter durum x T. winter durum (paired), 3 samples; the 3rd  type was F1  (T. winter durum x. T. winter  durum) x T. winter durum, 4 samples; the 4th  type was T. winter aestivum x T. winter durum (direct and reverse), 7 samples; the 5th  type  was F1  (T. winter aestivum x. T. winter durum) x T. winter durum (triple), 7 samples. According to the comparative study results of  breeding material of intraspecifc and interspecifc hybrids, it has been found that intraspecifc paired and gradual hybridization, which  provided high productivity and grain quality was a more efective method for developing of winter durum wheat varieties. The rest  types of crossings, primarily interspecifc, could be helpful to obtain initial material with a high level of winter tolerance, resistance to lodging and diseases, for their further use in intraspecifc gradual hybridization.

scholarly journals Application of selection indices in the context of the winter wheat breeding program

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
M. Ye. Batashova ◽  
V. M. Tyshchenko ◽  
M. V. Dubenets ◽  
O. M. Shapochka
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Index Set ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Term Data

Aim. The aim of this study is to analyze breeding progress using indices as ratios of quantitative traits, based on long-term data analysis of plant quantitative parameters that directly or indirectly affect the productivity of varieties and breeding lines. Methods. Long-term data of structural analysis of plants of wheat varieties and lines of winter Poltava breeding for 2000-2018 for a number of quantitative traits, harvest index and attraction index were taken as material for the study. Statistica 7 was used for statistical data processing. Results. A significant increase of the harvest index under the pressure of selection for the period 2000-2018 is shown. In the early breeding stages during the selection by attraction index, it is necessary to adhere to the limits of oscillation of this index, set by the breeder in accordance with their model of variety, eliminating genotypes with sharp fluctuations in the value of this index. Conclusions. In breeding programs, in order to improve the productivity of winter wheat, it is recommended to select by attraction index in early stages of breeding, to form groups of lines with attraction index of greater than one, to search for lines with the maximum value of the harvest index, to select breeding nurseries for high seed productivity, paying particular attention to the strength of the stem. Keywords: winter wheat, selection indices, harvest index, attraction index, traits.

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