Effects of sowing time and nitrogen fertiliser on canola and wheat, and nitrogen fertiliser on Indian mustard. II. Nitrogen concentrations, N accumulation, and N fertiliser use efficiency

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Hocking ◽  
M. Stapper
Keyword(s):  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
N Protein ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertiliser Use ◽  
N Use

Canola, Indian mustard, and wheat were grown at Ariah Park and Cowra (canola only) in the cropping belt of New South Wales, Australia, to determine the effects of sowing time (canola and wheat) and nitrogen (N) fertiliser on N concentrations and N accumulation in shoots, N fertiliser use-efficiency, and N removal in grain of the crops. Concentrations of N in shoots of all crops decreased during the season, irrespective of sowing time or N fertiliser rate. Late sowing decreased N accumulation by 55% and 40% for canola and wheat, respectively, at Ariah Park, and by 50% for canola at Cowra, but increased canola and wheat grain N (protein) concentrations more than the applied N. All crops accumulated most of their N before anthesis, and there was little N accumulation after the end of flowering; however, sowing canola late increased the proportion of N accumulated during flowering. Indices of N fertiliser use efficiency were reduced by sowing late, but N use efficiencies of the oilseeds at each sowing time were similar to values for wheat after accounting for differences in the biosynthetic costs of grain and straw production. Removal of N in canola grain from an April sowing was 35% greater than N removal by wheat grain sown at the same time, but was similar for both crops from late May and July sowings. Consequently, more N fertiliser should be applied to canola than wheat to obtain high grain yields when both crops are sown early in the season. It was concluded that sowing early was essential to achieve high N use efficiency, reduce potential losses of N, and maximise economic returns from N fertiliser.

Effects of sowing time and nitrogen fertiliser on canola and wheat, and nitrogen fertiliser on Indian mustard. I. Dry matter production, grain yield, and yield components

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Hocking ◽  
M. Stapper
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Late Sowing

Canola, Indian mustard, and wheat were grown under dryland conditions at Ariah Park and Cowra (canola only) in the cropping belt of New South Wales, Australia, to determine the effects of sowing time (canola and wheat) and nitrogen (N) fertiliser on the growth, grain yield, and yield components of the crops. Compared with an April sowing, the grain yield of canola at Ariah Park was reduced by 35% for a May sowing and by 67% for a July sowing. Canola yield at Cowra was reduced by 45% between early and late May sowings. Wheat yield declined by 35% between the May and July sowings at Ariah Park. Grain yields of canola and wheat at Ariah Park responded to N fertiliser in the April and May sowings, but not in the July sowing. Indian mustard had a higher yield than thecomparable sowing of canola. Canola yields at Cowra were more responsive to N fertiliser than at Ariah Park, and increased from 0.5 to 2.9 t/ha with 100 kg N/ha. For each day that sowing canola was delayed at both sites after Aprill—early May, anthesis was delayed on average by 0.52 days. For Dollarbird wheat, the delay in anthesis was 0.39 days per day sowing was delayed. Dry matter accumulation by the oilseeds was greatest during flowering, but before anthesis for wheat. Late sowing had little effect on the proportions of dry matter accumulated in a particular growth period. Irrespective of sowing time, grain yields and dry-matter harvest indices of the oilseeds were similar to values for wheat when differences in the biosynthetic costs of grain and straw production were taken into account. Late sowing usually resulted in a greater reduction in canola oil concentration than high N fertiliser rates. Canola oil concentration was reduced by 1.7 percentage points per 1mp;deg;C increase in mean temperature during grain filling as a result of sowing late. It was concluded that N fertiliser could not compensate for the yield reduction in canola and wheat due to sowing late. Early sowing was essential to achieve high oil levels in canola.

Rate and timing of nitrogen fertilization of Russet Burbank potato: Nitrogen use efficiency

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 845-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
Y. Leclerc ◽  
G. Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

This study evaluated rate and timing of N fertilization effects on the N use efficiency characteristics of rain-fed Russet Burbank potato. Trials conducted in 1999–2001 included different rates of fertili zer N (0–160 kg N ha-1 in 1999 and 0–200 kg N ha-1 in 2000 and 2001) applied either at planting according to normal grower practice, or at hilling, the latest time that granular fertilizer can practically be applied. Whole-plant dry matter and N accumulation were determined at topkill. Soil inorganic N content was measured to 30-cm depth at planting and at tuber harvest. Soil N supply (plant N accumulation plus soil inorganic N content at harvest with no fertilizer N applied) varied from 77 to 146 kg N ha-1 depending on the year. Crop N supply (soil N supply plus fertilizer N applied) was a better predictor of plant N accumulation than fertilizer N rate, and was used to remove the confounding effect of variation in soil N supply when making among-year comparisons for N use efficiency characteristics. Nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE; plant N accumulation/crop N supply) decreased with increasing rates of N applied at hilling N rate in 1999, which was a dry year, but was not influenced by at-hilling N rate in 2000 and 2001, or by at-planting N rate in any year. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE; dry matter accumulation/crop N supply) and N utilization efficiency (NUtE; dry matter accumulation/plant N accumulation) decreased curvilinearly with increasing crop N supply in each year. Similar relationships between NUE and crop N supply, and between NUtE and plant N accumulation, among the 3 yr of the study suggest that these relationships are largely independent of seasonal climatic variation, and are primarily genetically controlled. Timing of N fertilization had no effect on any N use efficiency parameter, with the exception of reduced NUpE associated with split N application in 1999. This suggests that under rain-fed potato production in Atlantic Canada, timing of N fertilization has no significant effect on N use efficiency of Russet Burbank potato in years of adequate soil moisture, but NUpE may be decreased by split application of N in dry years. Key words: Solanum tuberosum, soil inorganic N, apparent fertilizer N recovery

Agronomic performance of maize (Zea mays L.) breeding lines derived from a low nitrogen maize population

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. KAMARA ◽  
J. G. KLING ◽  
A. MENKIR ◽  
O. IBIKUNLE
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
N Use ◽  
Pulling Resistance

Eighteen S1 lines of maize (Zea mays L.) derived from a low nitrogen tolerant pool and two inbred lines were evaluated for agronomic performance under moderate N conditions in the southern Guinea savannah of Nigeria. Generally, the breeding lines differed in yield, growth, vertical root-pulling resistance, N-uptake and N-use efficiency. Breeding lines with high vertical root-pulling resistance took up more N and utilized it more efficiently. They also showed better agronomic performance and recorded higher yields. Principal component and cluster analyses classified the breeding lines into six groups. The results of principal components analyses (PCA) suggest that the most important variables for the classification of the S1 lines were grain yield, plant height, total dry matter during the grain-filling period and at maturity, N-accumulation, N-uptake and N-use efficiency. Other important traits were days to silking, anthesis-silking interval, ears per plant, harvest index and vertical root-pulling resistance. Two groups containing a total of 14 S1 lines that had higher agronomic performance than others are recommended for further evaluation under severe N stress to ascertain their tolerance of low N stress before recombination to form a new population for the next cycle of selection.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertiliser use on Swiss grassland

1997 ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Thomet ◽  
J. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
High Input ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Direct Payments ◽  
Fertiliser Use ◽  
On Farm ◽  
N Use

Nitrogen (N) fertilisation plays an important role in Swiss grasslands, not only as a production factor but also as an ecological criterion determining direct payments for farmers. N fertiliser use reflects this duality and the grassland-based milk production is influenced by the sustainable type of approach. For comparable milk yields per cow, 4-6 times less concentrate feed is used and 7-9 times less artificial N is applied per ha of forage land than in the main milk producing regions of Western Europe. Grassland fertilisation is based primarily on farm-produced slurry, which is carefully stored and spread on grassland. Consequently, the average N balance surplus (= risk for pollution) on intensive Swiss dairy farms is as low as 109 kg N/ha/year compared to over 400 kg in high input areas like The Netherlands. In good grass production regions in the Swiss lowlands, 20 kg DM could be gained per kg additional N. However, the permitted level of N use is low in Switzerland. In addition to the slurry N, only 25-50 kg artificial N/ha/year can be applied to grassland. The Swiss farmers receive high direct payments (about $NZ1000/ha) from the state for applying a strictly environmentally friendly farming system. Keywords: dairy farming, environment, grassland, nitrogen budget, nitrogen fertilisation, sustainable agriculture

Nitrogen limitation in high-yield soybean: Seed yield, N accumulation, and N-use efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Cafaro La Menza ◽  
Juan Pablo Monzon ◽  
James E. Specht ◽  
John L. Lindquist ◽  
Timothy J. Arkebauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Limitation ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
High Yield ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

scholarly journals Impact of atmospheric ammonia on growth, C and N accumulation and photosynthesis of two maize cultivars with different N root supply

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.X. Zhang ◽  
H. Qiang ◽  
S.Q. Li ◽  
X.L. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Dark Respiration Rate ◽  
Apparent Quantum Yield ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Medium Increase ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
C And N ◽  
N Use

Impact of enriched atmospheric NH<sub>3</sub> in combination with low and high N medium on growth, total C and N accumulation (C<sub>tot</sub>A and N<sub>tot</sub>A) and photosynthetic characteristics of two maize cultivars i.e. SD19 (cult. 1) and NE5 (cult. 2) with low N and N high use efficiency, respectively, was investigated. Plants were exposed to 10 nl/L and 1000 nl/L NH<sub>3</sub> fumigation, respectively, for 30 days in open-top chambers (OTCs). Under exposure to the low N medium, increase of the atmospheric NH<sub>3</sub> concentration to 1000 nl/L from the ambient level significantly (P &lt; 0.05) increased dry matter (DM) (by 18% in cult. 1 and 14% in cult. 2 respectively), C<sub>tot</sub>A, N<sub>tot</sub>A, net photosynthetic rate (P<sub>n</sub>), stomatal conductance (G<sub>s</sub>) and apparent quantum yield (AQY) but decreased intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> concentration (C<sub>i</sub>) in both cultivars. These effects were more pronounced in cult. 1 as compared to those in cult. 2. In contrast, in the high N solution, enriched atmospheric NH<sub>3</sub> led to a decrease in DM, C<sub>tot</sub>A, N<sub>tot</sub>A, P<sub>n</sub>, G<sub>s </sub>and AQY but an increase in C<sub>i </sub>of cult. 2 only. Dark respiration rate remained unaffected by enrichment of NH<sub>3</sub> in each treatment. Therefore, it is concluded that appropriately enriched atmospheric NH<sub>3</sub> can improve plant growth of maize by enhancing C<sub>tot</sub>A, N<sub>tot</sub>A, and photosynthesis in the low N medium, especially for low N use efficiency cultivars.

Yields and Nitrogenous Fertiliser Use Efficiency Responses of Clonal Tea (Camellia Sinensis) to Locations of Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (01-02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl W. Nyabundi ◽  
P. Okinda Owuor ◽  
Godfrey W. Netondo ◽  
John K. Bore
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Fertiliser Use ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

Tea husbandry practices in Kenya are uniform despite variations in responses to agronomic inputs with locations. Nitrogen availability is the most limiting tea/crop growth factor. However, tea yields vary with region of production even with the same cultivar, suggesting responses to nitrogen fertiliser and nitrogen utilisation may vary with locations. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of clone TRFK 6/8 was investigated across three different locations/environments in western Kenya. Yields responded significantly (pd”0.05) to nitrogen fertiliser rates, but the responses varied with location of production. The responses to nitrogen rates were significantly lower (pd”0.05) in Timbilil than in Arroket and Changoi. This suggests that optimal nitrogenous fertiliser application rates should vary with locations. Nitrogen application rates between 75- 300Kg N did not cause significant variation in harvestable shoots nitrogen contents. However, there were large differences in the amounts of nitrogen removed with crop. The NUE of tea decreased as nitrogen fertiliser rates increased and was low in areas where yield responses were low. Such areas need low nitrogen fertiliser application rates to justify return on investment. Quantity of nitrogen removed with crop followed same pattern. On replacement basis, nitrogen removed with crop did not exceed the recommended rate of application (150 kg N/ha/year) at any location or nitrogen rate. Shoot nitrogen contents suggest that soil applied nitrogen may not be responsible for locational variations in yield realisation. Results demonstrate that fertiliser management practices, especially nitrogen rates need to be location specific.

Nitrogen () fertiliser use efficiency in peach (Prunus persica L.) cv. Goldencrest trees in Chile

2003 ◽  
Vol 97 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Nario ◽  
Inés Pino ◽  
Felipe Zapata ◽  
Marı́a Paz Albornoz ◽  
Pedro Baherle
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertiliser Use
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