Rate and timing of nitrogen fertilization of Russet Burbank potato: Nitrogen use efficiency

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 845-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
Y. Leclerc ◽  
G. Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

This study evaluated rate and timing of N fertilization effects on the N use efficiency characteristics of rain-fed Russet Burbank potato. Trials conducted in 1999–2001 included different rates of fertili zer N (0–160 kg N ha-1 in 1999 and 0–200 kg N ha-1 in 2000 and 2001) applied either at planting according to normal grower practice, or at hilling, the latest time that granular fertilizer can practically be applied. Whole-plant dry matter and N accumulation were determined at topkill. Soil inorganic N content was measured to 30-cm depth at planting and at tuber harvest. Soil N supply (plant N accumulation plus soil inorganic N content at harvest with no fertilizer N applied) varied from 77 to 146 kg N ha-1 depending on the year. Crop N supply (soil N supply plus fertilizer N applied) was a better predictor of plant N accumulation than fertilizer N rate, and was used to remove the confounding effect of variation in soil N supply when making among-year comparisons for N use efficiency characteristics. Nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE; plant N accumulation/crop N supply) decreased with increasing rates of N applied at hilling N rate in 1999, which was a dry year, but was not influenced by at-hilling N rate in 2000 and 2001, or by at-planting N rate in any year. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE; dry matter accumulation/crop N supply) and N utilization efficiency (NUtE; dry matter accumulation/plant N accumulation) decreased curvilinearly with increasing crop N supply in each year. Similar relationships between NUE and crop N supply, and between NUtE and plant N accumulation, among the 3 yr of the study suggest that these relationships are largely independent of seasonal climatic variation, and are primarily genetically controlled. Timing of N fertilization had no effect on any N use efficiency parameter, with the exception of reduced NUpE associated with split N application in 1999. This suggests that under rain-fed potato production in Atlantic Canada, timing of N fertilization has no significant effect on N use efficiency of Russet Burbank potato in years of adequate soil moisture, but NUpE may be decreased by split application of N in dry years. Key words: Solanum tuberosum, soil inorganic N, apparent fertilizer N recovery

N uptake, N partitioning, and photosynthetic N-use efficiency of an old and a new maize hybrid

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. McCullough ◽  
A. Aguilera ◽  
M. Tollenaar
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
N Supply ◽  
N Partitioning ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use ◽  
Leaf N

An old maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid (Pride 5) has been shown to be less tolerant to N stress than a new maize hybrid (Pioneer 3902) during early phases of development. The objective of this study was to quantify the response of the two hybids to N supply in terms of N uptake, N partitioning, and photosynthetic N–use efficiency. Plants were grown under controlled-environment conditions until the 12-leaf stage at three levels of N supply (i.e., 15 mM N, 2.5 mM N, and 0.5 mM N) and were sampled at the 4-, 8-, and 12-leaf stages. Rates of N uptake per unit ground area were higher for Pioneer 3902 than for Pride 5 under maximum N stress during the 8- to 12-leaf phase, but rates were higher for Pride 5 at high N. Rates of N uptake per unit root weight were higher for Pioneer 3902 than for Pride 5 under both medium and low N supply. The old hybrid (Pride 5) partitioned more dry matter and N to leaves than the new hybrid under low N supply, but leaf N per unit leaf area was higher for the new hybrid. The new hybrid (Pioneer 3902) maintained greater rates of leaf photosynthesis per unit leaf N regardless of N supply. Consequently, results indicate that the higher N-use efficiency of Pioneer 3902 under low N supply is associated with higher N uptake and a higher leaf N per unit leaf area. Key words:Zea mays L., dry matter accumulation, photosynthesis, leaf N

scholarly journals Penampilan Genotipe Jagung Berumur Genjah pada Pemupukan N Dosis Tinggi dan Rendah di Lahan Sawah setelah Padi di Sulawesi Selatan

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
NFN Ruchjaniningsih ◽  
Muh. Thamrin
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

<p>Genotype Performance of Early Maturity Maize with N High and Low Dosage Fertilization in Irrigated Land After Rice Planting in South Sulawesi. Ruchjaniningsih and Muh. Thamrin. To reduce the negative impact of excessive fertilizer N use efficiency of N needs to be done, especially on maize that much need N. N use efficiency can be improved through the establishment of adaptive varieties of maize N fertilization is low, it is necessary for the characterization of the plant as a basis for screening genotypes. Some strains of maize have been evaluated wetland in Bontomanai, Bantaeng district, South Sulawesi, on May to December 2009, the result of the appearance of phenotypic characters and yield components. The experiments were arranged in a randomized block design with a factorial treatment genotype A (X01904 ), B (X02804 ), C (X02904 ), D (X03404), E (X03604), F (Bima- 1), G (Lamuru), H (Gumarang), and local B yellow for comparison with N fertilization (high and low dose) repeated three times. The results showed that fertilizer N 400 kg/ha had a greater impact on the character of the observed fertilization N 200 kg/ha. Genotypes that have high yield potential in rice fields is Lamuru cultivars (13.44 t/ha) and X01904 (13.33 t/ha). All genotypes tested from early maturing (76-84 dap). Genotype X01904, X02804, X02904, X03404, and Bima-1 excel in the characters observed compared to check varieties. Check varieties (local) is superior genotypes were tested on plant height and ear height layout.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Untuk mengurangi dampak negatif pemupukan N yang berlebihan perlu dilakukan efisiensi penggunaan N, terutama pada tanaman jagung yang banyak membutuhkan N. Efisiensi penggunaan N dapat ditingkatkan melalui pembentukan varietas jagung adaptif pemupukan N rendah, untuk itu perlu dilakukan karakterisasi tanaman sebagai dasar skrining genotipe. Beberapa galur jagung telah dievaluasi pada lahan sawah di Bontomanai, Kabupaten Bantaeng, Sulawesi Selatan, pada Mei- Desember 2009, untuk melihat penampilan fenotipik karakter hasil dan komponen hasil. Percobaan ditata dalam rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial dengan perlakuan genotipe A (X01904), B (X02804), C (X02904), D (X03404), E(X03604), F (Bima-1), G (Lamuru), H (Gumarang), dan lokal B Kuning sebagai pembanding dengan pemupukan N (dosis tinggi dan rendah) diulang tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemupukan N 400 kg/ha berpengaruh lebih baik terhadap karakter yang diamati dari pemupukan N 200 kg/ha. Genotipe yang mempunyai potensi hasil tinggi di lahan sawah adalah kultivar Lamuru (13,44 t/ha) dan X01904 (13,33 t/ha). Semua genotipe yang diuji berumur genjah (76-84 hst). Genotipe X01904, X02804, X02904, X03404, dan Bima-1 unggul dalam karakter-karakter yang diamati dibandingkan dengan varietas pembanding. Varietas pembanding (lokal) lebih unggul dibandingkan dengan genotipe yang diuji pada karakter tinggi tanaman dan tinggi letak tongkol.</p>

Yield, N uptake, and apparent N-use efficiency of winter wheat and winter barley grown in different cropping systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. SIELING ◽  
H. SCHRÖDER ◽  
M. FINCK ◽  
H. HANUS
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

Increasing the efficiency with which crops use supplied nitrogen (N) can minimize the impact on the environment. In the growing seasons 1990/91 to 1992/93, the effects of different cropping systems on yield, N uptake by the grain and apparent N-use efficiency (NUE) of the grain of winter wheat and winter barley were investigated in a factorial field experiment at Hohenschulen Experimental Station near Kiel in NW Germany. The crop rotation was oilseed rape–winter wheat–winter barley, and soil tillage (conservation tillage without ploughing, conventional tillage), application of pig slurry (none, autumn, spring, autumn+spring), mineral N fertilization (0–240 kg N ha−1) and application of fungicides (none, applications against pathogens of the stems, leaves and ears) were all varied. Each year, the treatments were applied to all three crops of the rotation and were located on the same plots.Averaged over all factors, wheat yield was >7 t ha−1 dry matter in all years and N uptake of the harvested grain varied between 140 and 168 kg N ha−1. Pig slurry application in autumn increased grain yield and N uptake more than spring slurry in two out of three years. Mineral N unfertilized wheat yielded only 5·3–6·3 t ha−1 depending on the year, mineral N fertilization increased wheat yield up to 8 t ha−1. Barley yield was lower than wheat yield, ranging from 4·5 t ha−1 in 1993 to 6·3 t ha−1 in 1992. Unlike wheat, spring slurry N affected barley yield and N uptake more than autumn slurry.Wheat apparently utilized 12–21% and barley up to 13% of the applied slurry N for its grain development. In 1991, the highest apparent slurry N-use efficiency (SNUE) of wheat and barley occurred after the late spring slurry application. However, in the following years, autumn SNUE of wheat was similar to (1992) or higher than (1993) spring SNUE, presumably because of vigorous tiller growth before winter. Additionally applied mineral fertilizer N decreased SNUE.Apparent mineral fertilizer N-use efficiency (FNUE) was higher than SNUE and ranged in wheat from 40 to 59% and in barley between 19 and 37% of the applied mineral fertilizer N. FNUE decreased with increasing N fertilization.To improve the N-use efficiency of both slurry N and mineral fertilizer N, more information is needed about the combined use of both N sources, with special emphasis on split applications of slurry as is common practice for mineral N fertilizer.

Dynamics of nitrogen and dry-matter partitioning and accumulation in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) in relation to extractable soil inorganic nitrogen

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Bowen ◽  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
P. M. A. Toivonen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Spring Planting ◽  
Extractable Soil ◽  
Soil Inorganic

The effects of six rates of N fertilization (0, 125, 250, 375, 500 and 625 kg N ha−1) on the dynamics of N utilization relative to extractable inorganic N in the soil profile were determined for broccoli in three growing seasons. The amount of pre-existing extractable inorganic N in the soil was lowest for the spring planting, followed by the early-summer then late-summer plantings. During the first 2 wk after transplanting, plant dry-matter (DM) and N accumulation rates were low, and because of the mineralization of soil organic N the extractable soil inorganic N increased over that added as fertilizer, especially in the top 30 cm. From 4 wk after transplanting until harvest, DM and N accumulation in the plants was rapid and corresponded to a rapid depletion of extractable inorganic N from the soil. At high N-fertilization rates, leaf and stem DM and N accumulations at harvest were similar among the three plantings. However, the rates of accumulation in the two summer plantings were higher before and lower after inflorescence initiation than those in the spring planting. Under N treatments of 0 and 125 kg ha−1, total N in leaf tissue and the rate of leaf DM accumulation decreased while inflorescences developed. There was little extractable inorganic soil-N during inflorescence development in plots receiving no N fertilizer, yet inflorescence dry weights and N contents were ≥50 and ≥30%, respectively, of the maxima achieved with N fertilization. These results indicate that substantial N is translocated from leaves to support broccoli inflorescence growth under conditions of low soil-N availability. Key words: N translocation, N fertilizer

scholarly journals Single and split nitrogen dose in wheat yield indicators

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane S. P. Costa ◽  
Rubia D. Mantai ◽  
José A. G. da Silva ◽  
Osmar B. Scremin ◽  
Emilio G. Arenhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Split Dose ◽  
N Supply ◽  
N Release ◽  
Residual N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

ABSTRACT Single or split nitrogen (N) supply can maximize the expression of wheat yield indicators. The objective of the study was to evaluate the greater N use efficiency on wheat yield indicators by the single and split N supply under favorable and unfavorable year conditions to the crop in succession system of high and reduced residual N release. The study was conducted in 2014 and 2015, in a randomized complete block design with four replicates in a 4 x 3 factorial, for N-fertilizer doses (0, 30, 60, 120 kg ha-1) and supply forms [full dose (100%) in the phenological stage V3 (third expanded leaf); split dose (70 and 30%) in the phenological stages V3/V6 (third and sixth expanded leaves, respectively) and; split dose (70 and 30%) in the phenological stages V3/R1 (third expanded leaf and early grain filling)], respectively, in soybean/wheat and maize/wheat cultivation systems. The highest N use efficiency for wheat yield was obtained with the single dose supply in favorable year of temperature and rainfall and with the split dose in the V3/V6 stages in unfavorable year, regardless of the succession system of high and reduced residual N release.

Poultry manure effects on soil nitrogen processes and nitrogen accumulation in red raspberry

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Dean ◽  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
C. G. Kowalenko ◽  
J. W. Paul ◽  
K. Chipperfield
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
History Of ◽  
N Management

This study examined the effects of solid poultry layer manure addition on soil N processes and on dry matter and N accumulation in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). In trials conducted in two years, approximately 50% of the 400 kg total N ha−1 applied as manure was recovered as soil inorganic N 1 mo after manure application when manure was incorporated within 4 h of application. Three trials were conducted in two commercial raspberry fields: one with no history of manure use and one other with a history of heavy annual applications of poultry manure. Treatments included 55 kg N ha−1 as NH4NO3, 100 or 200 kg total N ha−1 as manure, and a control that received no manure or fertilizer N. Soil inorganic N to 60 cm depth was measured throughout the growing season. Berry yield was estimated, and dry matter and N accumulation was determined in floricanes at first berry ripening and in primocanes at the end of the growing season. Few significant effects of N fertilization were measured for any crop yield, growth or N accumulation parameter. This was attributed to the large (>150 kg N ha−1) supply of N to the crop in the unamended soil, primarily from soil N mineralization. Dry matter accumulation in the fruiting clusters was strongly correlated to estimated berry yield, and may provide a simple means for assessing relative yield within experiments. Soil nitrate measured in August after berry harvest may serve as a "report card" to assess N management in the current growing season, to refine fertilizer N management for subsequent growing seasons, and as an index of the risk of nitrate leaching over the following fall and winter in south coastal British Columbia. Key words: Nitrogen mineralization, nitrate leaching, manure N availability, Rubus idaeus

scholarly journals Effect of N Fertilization Pattern on Rice Yield, N Use Efficiency and Fertilizer–N Fate in the Yangtze River Basin, China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e0166002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Liu ◽  
Huoyan Wang ◽  
Jianmin Zhou ◽  
Fengqin Hu ◽  
Dejin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
The Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

scholarly journals Enhancing the Urea-N Use Efficiency in Maize (Zea mays) Cultivation on Acid Soils Amended with Zeolite and TSP

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osumanu H. Ahmed ◽  
Aminuddin Hussin ◽  
Husni M. H. Ahmad ◽  
Anuar A. Rahim ◽  
Nik Muhamad Abd. Majid
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Ammonia Loss ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
N Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

Ammonia loss significantly reduces the urea-N use efficiency in crop production. Efforts to reduce this problem are mostly laboratory oriented. This paper reports the effects of urea amended with triple superphosphate (TSP) and zeolite (Clinoptilolite) on soil pH, nitrate, exchangeable ammonium, dry matter production, N uptake, fresh cob production, and urea-N uptake efficiency in maize (Zea mays) cultivation on an acid soil in actual field conditions. Urea-amended TSP and zeolite treatments and urea only (urea without additives) did not have long-term effect on soil pH and accumulation of soil exchangeable ammonium and nitrate. Treatments with higher amounts of TSP and zeolite significantly increased the dry matter (stem and leaf) production of Swan (test crop). All the treatments had no significant effect on urea-N concentration in the leaf and stem of the test crop. In terms of urea-N uptake in the leaf and stem tissues of Swan, only the treatment with the highest amount of TSP and zeolite significantly increased urea-N uptake in the leaf of the test crop. Irrespective of treatment, fresh cob production was statistically not different. However, all the treatments with additives improved urea-N uptake efficiency compared to urea without additives or amendment. This suggests that urea amended with TSP and zeolite has a potential of reducing ammonia loss from surface-applied urea.

Nitrogen use efficiency characteristics of commercial potato cultivars

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 589-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
G. Tai ◽  
R. Tarn ◽  
H. de Jong ◽  
P. H. Milburn
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Use Efficiency

One approach for reducing the contribution of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production to nitrate contamination of groundwater is to develop cultivars which utilize N more efficiently. In this study, variation in N use efficiency (NUE; dry matter production per unit crop N supply) characteristics of 20 commercial potato cultivars of North American and European origin were evaluated in 2 yr. Cultivars were grown with or without application of 100 kg N ha-1 as ammonium nitrate banded at planting. The recommended within-row spacing was used for each cultivar and no irrigation was applied. Plant dry matter and N accumulation were determined prior to significant leaf senescence. Crop N supply was estimated as fertilizer N applied plus soil inorganic N measured at planting plus apparent net soil N mineralization. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased curvilinearly with increasing crop N supply. Nitrogen use efficiency was lower for early-maturing cultivars compared to mid-season and late-maturing cultivars. A curvilinear relationship was obtained between plant dry matter accumulation and plant N accumulation using data for all cultivars. Deviations from this relationship were interpreted as variation in N utilization efficiency (NUtE; dry matter accumulation per unit N accumulation). Significant differences in NUtE were measured among cultivars of similar maturity. Nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE; plant N content per unit crop N supply) and soil nitrate concentration measured at plant harvest were uniformly low for all cultivars when crop N supply was limited, but varied among cultivars when N was more abundant. This suggests that potato cultivars vary more in terms of N uptake capacity (plant N accumulation in the presence of an abundant N supply) than in terms of NUpE. Key words: Solanum tuberosum, N mineralization, dry matter accumulation, N accumulation, N utilization efficiency

Nitrogen uptake and N-use efficiency of Mediterranean cotton under varied deficit irrigation and N fertilization

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Stamatiadis ◽  
C. Tsadilas ◽  
V. Samaras ◽  
J.S. Schepers ◽  
K. Eskridge
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use
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