Effect of diet synchrony on rumen fermentation, production performance, immunity status and endocrine in Chinese Holstein cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 664 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Qiao ◽  
Z. G. Xiao ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
G. J. Li ◽  
L. C. Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Chinese Holstein ◽  
Chinese Holstein Cows

In order to maximise utilisation of nutrients for ruminants, researchers directed the supply of nitrogen and organic matter synchronously to the rumen. In the current research, two experiments were conducted, one using the in situ nylon bag technique and the other using in vivo study. In Experiment 1, dynamic degradation rates of organic matter (OM) and nitrogen of each feedstuff were determined using the in situ nylon bag technique. Accordingly, three diets were formulated with the same chemical components, but differing in synchrony index (0.74, 0.85 and 0.97). Experiment 2 was subsequently carried out in vivo to evaluate the influence of diet synchrony on rumen fermentation, productive performance, immunity status and endocrine in Chinese Holstein cows. Rumen degradability of OM and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and total tract digestibility of OM were linearly increased with the increase of synchrony index, respectively (P < 0.05). Total volatile fatty acids concentration of rumen fluid was increased linearly with the increase of synchrony index (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, rumen ammonia nitrogen concentration and blood urea nitrogen concentration were decreased in cows with the increase of synchrony index, (P < 0.05). Microbial crude protein production, the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis, and milk protein percentage, were linearly increased with the increase of synchrony index (P < 0.05). Serum concentrations of prostaglandin E2 and immunoreactive fibronectin-γ were linearly decreased with the increase of diet synchrony index (P < 0.05). The aforementioned results implicate that an increase of diet synchrony index could improve diet’s nitrogen utilisation, apparent digestibility of OM, and NDF. Additionally, it could promote rumen fermentation capacity, productive performance and immunity status in dairy cows.

Effect of high altitude on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and basal metabolism rate in Chinese Holstein cows on the Tibetan plateau

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Qiao ◽  
C. Q. Yu ◽  
J. H. Li ◽  
X. Yang ◽  
X. Q. Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Chinese Holstein ◽  
Metabolism Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolism Rate ◽  
Chinese Holstein Cows

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of two altitudes (3600 and 1600 m) on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and basal metabolism rate in Chinese Holstein cows. Experiment 1 was conducted to investigate the effect of high altitude (3600 m) on rumen fermentation, in vitro dry matter degradability, and nitrogen metabolism compared with low altitude (1600 m) in Chinese Holstein cows. Results indicated that total volatile fatty acids concentration, total gas production and gas coefficient a, b and c, efficiency of microbial protein synthesis and in vitro dry matter degradability were lower at 3600 m than 1600 m (P < 0.05). The number of protozoa and ammonia nitrogen concentration was higher at 3600 m than 1600 m (P < 0.05). We concluded that carbohydrate fermentation in the rumen was impaired, and ammonia nitrogen used for microbial nitrogen synthesis was also decreased at high altitude of 3600 m compared with 1600 m. Experiment 2 was conducted in vivo to investigate the effect of high altitude on apparent nutrient digestibility and basal metabolism rate in Chinese Holstein cows. Results indicated that the apparent digestibility of the diet’s dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre was lower at 3600 m than those at 1600 m, respectively (P < 0.05). In Chinese Holstein cows, basal metabolism rate was increased with increasing level of altitude (P < 0.05). The results indicated that the high altitude of the Tibetan plateau impaired rumen fermentation and elevated the basal metabolism rate of Chinese Holstein cows.

Genetic polymorphism in 5′-flanking region of the lactoferrin gene and its associations with mastitis in Chinese Holstein cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Mei WANG ◽  
Zhen-Xing KONG ◽  
Chang-Fa WANG ◽  
Jin-Ming HUANG ◽  
Qiu-Ling LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Chinese Holstein ◽  
Lactoferrin Gene ◽  
Chinese Holstein Cows ◽  
Flanking Region

67 Current Status and Future Prospective of the Use of Plant Bioactive Compounds in Dairy and Beef Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
Sergio Calsamiglia ◽  
Maria Rodriguez-Prado ◽  
Gonzalo Fernandez-Turren ◽  
Lorena Castillejos
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In the last 20 years there has been extensive in vitro research on the effects of plant extracts and essential oils on rumen microbial fermentation. The main objectives have been to improve energy metabolism through a reduction in methane emissions and an increase in propionate production; and to improve protein metabolism by reducing proteolysis and deamination. While the positive results from in vitro studies has stimulated the release of commercial products based on blends of essential oils, there is limited in vivo evidence on the rumen fermentation and production performance effects. A literature search was conducted to select in vivo studies where information on rumen fermentation and animal performance was reported. For dairy cattle, we identified 37 studies of which 21 were adequate to test production performance. Ten studies reported increases and 3 decreases in milk yield. For beef cattle, we identified 20 studies with rumen fermentation profile and 22 with performance data. Average daily gain improved in 7 and decreased in 1 study. Only 1 out of 16 studies reported an improvement in feed efficiency. Data indicate that out of more than 500 products tested in vitro, only around 20 have been tested in vivo in different mixtures and doses. The use of statistical approaches will allow to describe the conditions, doses and responses in dairy and beef cattle performance. The search for postruminal effects offers another alternative use. Evidence for effects on the intestinal and systemic effects on the immune system and antioxidant status (i.e., capsicum, garlic, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde curcuma, catechins, anethol or pinene), and in the modulation of metabolic regulation (capsicum, cinnamaldehyde, curcuma or garlic) may open the opportunity for future applications. However, stability of the product in the GI tract, description of the mechanisms of action and the impact of these changes on performance needs to be further demonstrated.

Anti-mastitis SNV identification of NFκB1 in Chinese Holstein cows and the possible anti-inflammation role of NFκB1/p105 in bovine MECs

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1191-1201
Author(s):  
Ling Chen ◽  
Rongfu Tian ◽  
Huilin Zhang ◽  
Xiaolin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Chinese Holstein ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Chinese Holstein Cows ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Abstract NFκB1/p105 is the critical member of the NFκB family which can suppress inflammation, ageing, and cancer when p50/p50 homodimer is formed. Currently, the research about the role of NFκB1/p105 during cow mastitis is limited. Here, we analyzed the correlation of six single-nucleotide variants of the NFκB1 gene with somatic cell count, milk yield, milk fat content, and milk protein content in 547 Chinese Holstein cows, and explored the mRNA expression profiles of the NFκB family and ubiquitin ligases (βTrCP1, βTrCP2, KPC1, KPC2) in LPS-induced bovine mammary epithelial cells (MECs) by transcriptome-Seq. The association analysis showed that cows with SNV2-TT and SNV6-CC in the NFκB1 gene had significantly higher milk protein content (P &lt; 0.05), while cows with SNV5-TT in the NFκB1 gene had significantly lower somatic cell score (SCS), but CC genotype at SNV5 locus was not detected in our Holstein cows. The transcriptome-Seq results demonstrated the mRNA expression of NFκB1 was increased and peaked at 4 h post-induction, while the mRNA expressions of both KPC1 and BCL3 that promote the anti-inflammation function of NFκB1/p105 were decreased in LPS-induced bovine MECs. TNFAIP3, an inhibitor of both degradation and processing of p105 precursor, was markedly increased by more than 3 folds. Furthermore, bta-miR-125b which targets at the 3ʹUTR of TNFAIP3 was reduced by 50%. These results indicated that SNV5-TT of the NFκB1 gene with lower SCS may be an anti-mastitis genotype that could cope with infection more efficiently in Chinese Holstein cows. In addition, the anti-inflammation role of NFκB1/p105 seemed to be inhibited in LPS-induced-bovine MECs because the formation of the p50/p50 homodimer was arrested. This study provides a new perspective to understand the inflammatory mechanism in dairy mastitis.

Relationship between the gas production profiles of mixtures of hay and maize and the patterns of rumen fermentation observed in sheep fed those mixtures

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 63-63
Author(s):  
C. Rymer ◽  
D.I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
The Mean

The gas production (GP) technique has been developed to assess dynamics of ruminant digestion. Relationships have been observed between a feed's GP profile and in vivo parameters such as digestibility (Khazaal et al., 1993), feed intake and growth rate (Blümmel and Ørskov, 1993), and in situ degradability (Sileshi et al., 1997). However, there are few studies which relate GP data to the in vivo pattern of rumen fermentation (in terms of the rate of pH decline 2 h post-feeding and the mean rumen pH, concentration of total VFA and molar proportion of individual VFA). The object of this experiment was to determine whether such a relationship existed between a feed's GP profile and the pattern of rumen fermentation observed in animals fed that feed.

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