Effects of phosphorus supplementation in high-grain diets on blood, chemical and physical parameters of bones of feedlot Nellore bulls

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius C. Souza ◽  
Pedro Malafaia ◽  
Yury T. Granja-Salcedo ◽  
Bruno R. Vieira ◽  
Raphael S. Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Transverse Process ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
P Values ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Needle Penetration

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of phosphorus supplementation (PS) on blood, chemical and physical parameters from bones of feedlot Nellore bulls. Forty-two animals were distributed in a completely randomised design consisting of three treatments and 14 replicates. The treatments consisted of no supplementary phosphorus (P; T1; 2.4 g P/kg DM), a commercial mineral supplement formulated according to recommendations from the main Brazilian industries of mineral supplements for feedlot beef cattle (T2; 4.2 g P/kg DM) and dicalcium phosphate (T3; 5.0 g P/kg DM) in high-grain diets. The animals submitted or not to PS had similar calcium (Ca) and P values, Ca : P ratio, specific gravity, cortical thickness and bone mineral density in the 12th rib. However, a decrease in magnesium (Mg) concentration was observed in the 12th rib in T1 and T3 treatments throughout the study (P < 0.05). The animals in T1 had lower cortical thickness of the metacarpus (P < 0.05), without compromising its resistance and stiffness (P > 0.05). To evaluate the P status in the animals, we performed the needle test, which allowed an assessment of differences in bone strength on the basis of the resistance to needle penetration on the transverse process (TP) of the lumbar vertebrae. Throughout the trial period, no animals were positive for the needle test conducted in the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae. The PS significantly changed parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase concentrations (P < 0.05) and the animals in T1 had lower concentrations of these hormones. However, there was no effect of PS on the concentration of Ca and P in the serum of animals (P > 0.05). The inclusion of a mineral mix supplement in T2 resulted in higher Mg concentrations in the serum of animals (P > 0.05). P supplementation for Nellore bulls, fed high proportions of concentrate during the feedlot period, resulted in no benefits in neither chemical nor physical properties of their bones and the level in the control diet appeared adequate in these circumstances.

scholarly journals The effect of phosphate and carbonate-bicarbonate supplements on the rumen buffering systems of sheep

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijan Emmanuel ◽  
M. J. Lawlor ◽  
D. McAleese
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Ph Range

1. Two wethers fitted with permanent rumen cannulas were used to study the effect of two mineral supplements, Na2HPO4 and a 1:1 mixture of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3, on the buffering system in the rumen of sheep given a pelleted roughage-concentrate diet.2. Measurements were made of rumen pH, buffering capacity value (β), total volatile fatty acids (VFA), CO2 and inorganic phosphorus concentrations as well as rumen cellulase activity.3. The addition of either mineral supplement to the diet significantly (P < 0.001) increased the rumen pH values during the critical post-feeding period, there was a difference of only 0.5 pH unit between the minimum and maximum pH values.4. Both mineral supplements significantly increased the concentrations of CO2 in the rumen fluid and rumen cellulase activity. They resulted in a general reduction in total VFA concentrations. It is suggested that this may possibly arise from increased absorption of VFA associated with increased CO2 tension in the rumen fluid.5. The Na2HPO4 supplement significantly ( P < 0.001) increased the β values in the pH range 6–8, whereas the bicarbonate supplement contributed to raising the β values in the pH range 5–6.6. The bicarbonate supplements raised cellulose digestibility from 39.7% for the control diet to 45.6% and the addition of Na2HPO4 further raised the digestibility to 51.1%. It would appear that low rumen pH impairs rumen cellulase activity and this could be offset by the addition of mineral supplements.

scholarly journals Pedicle Screws Challenged: Lumbar Cortical Density and Thickness Are Greater in the Posterior Elements Than in the Pedicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Khalid Odeh ◽  
Alexander Rosinski ◽  
Jeremi Leasure ◽  
Dimitriy Kondrashov
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Pedicle Screws ◽  
Software Modeling ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cortical Volume ◽  
Total Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Articular Process ◽  
Cortical Density

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Objective: To measure the total bone mineral density (BMD), cortical volume, and cortical thickness in seven different anatomical regions of the lumbar spine. Methods: Using computed tomography (CT) images, 3 cadaveric spines were digitally isolated by applying filters for cortical and cancellous bone. Each spine model was separated into 5 lumbar vertebrae, followed by segmentation of each vertebra into 7 anatomical regions of interest using 3-dimensional software modeling. The average Hounsfield units (HU) was determined for each region and converted to BMD with calibration phantoms of known BMD. These BMD measurements were further analyzed by the total volume, cortical volume, and cancellous volume. The cortical thickness was also measured. A similar analysis was performed by vertebral segment. St Mary’s Medical Center’s Institutional Review Board approved this study. No external funding was received for this work. Results: The lamina and inferior articular process contained the highest total BMD, thickest cortical shell, and largest percent volumes of cortical bone. The vertebral body demonstrated the lowest BMD. The BMDs of the L4 and L5 segments were lower; however, there were no statistically significant differences in BMD between the L1-L5 vertebral segments. Conclusion: Extrapedicular regions of the lumbar vertebrae, including the lamina and inferior articular process, contain denser bone than the pedicles. Since screw pullout strength relies greatly on bone density, the lamina and inferior articular processes may offer stronger fixation of the lumbar spine.

Phosphorus supplementation with or without other minerals, ionophore and antibiotic did not affect performance of Nellore bulls receiving high-grain diets, but increased phosphorus excretion and dietary costs

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 871 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. C. Souza ◽  
P. Malafaia ◽  
B. R. Vieira ◽  
Y. T. Granja-Salcedo ◽  
T. T. Berchielli
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
Additional Mineral

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of phosphorus (P) supplementation, with or without addition of other minerals, ionophore and antibiotic, on performance, P utilisation and profitability in finishing Nellore bulls in a feedlot. Forty-two animals, with an initial bodyweight of 296 ± 25 kg, were distributed in a completely randomised design consisting of three treatments and 14 replicates. The treatments were without P supplementation (T1), commercial mineral supplement specific for feedlot cattle (T2) and supplementation with dicalcium phosphate (T3). The T3 was formulated to achieve a P concentration similar to that of T2, but without adding other additives (e.g. vitamins, ionophores, yeast and chelates) in the mineral mix. The P concentrations were 2.4, 4.2 or 5.0 g P/kg of dry matter (DM), respectively, for T1, T2 and T3. The diet, on a DM basis, comprised sugarcane bagasse (200 g/kg) plus concentrate (800 g/kg). The DM, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre intakes and apparent DM digestibility were similar among the three treatments (P > 0.05). Despite the numerical difference on P concentration in T2 and T3 treatments, P intakes were similar in these treatments. The addition of commercial mineral supplement specific for feedlot cattle or dicalcium phosphate in diets increased P excretion in the faeces and urine, increased P retention and reduced the profitability of the feedlot. Performance and carcass traits were not affected by diet P concentrations (P > 0.05). The profit per head in T1 treatment was US$13.7 and the addition of the dicalcium phosphate and mineral mix in T2 and T3 did not result in profit, these treatments gave economic losses of US$6.80 and US$6.20 per head, respectively. Under Brazilian conditions, feedlot Nellore cattle fed high-grain diets do not require any additional mineral supplements. P concentration of 2.4 g/kg DM, as used in the control diet, was adequate to ensure animal performance and reduce faecal P excretion, which is in agreement with NRC and CSIRO recommendations. Lower values may also be appropriate, but were not tested here.

Efficacy and Safety of Regular Vitamin and Mineral Supplement Use in France: Results from the ECCA Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Touvier ◽  
Boutron-Ruault ◽  
Volatier ◽  
Martin
Keyword(s):  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Annual Frequency ◽  
Excessive Intake

This study investigated the prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake and the proportion of subjects who exceed Tolerable Upper Intake Levels a) with food only, and b) with food+supplements, in a population of French regular supplement users (n = 259). Assessment tools were seven-day records for supplements, three-day records for food intake, and a questionnaire about supplement use. Most subjects were recruited in retail outlets that sold supplements. They were recent users of vitamin/mineral supplements, aged over 15 years, and normo-energy reporters. The prevalence (%) of inadequate intake decreased with the inclusion of mean annual supplements, from 68.0 to 54.8 for magnesium, 55.9 to 40.7 for vitamin C, 53.4 to 43.9 for folic acid, 37.5 to 27.5 for iron, and 40.1 to 29.7 for pantothenic acid. Few subjects exceeded upper intake levels when mean annual intake of supplements was considered. When supplement consumption was considered during the studied week only, the proportion of subjects who were in excess of the upper intake levels was higher (maximum: 9.6% for magnesium). Supplement use brought a nutritional benefit for some targeted nutrients. It was not associated with excessive intake in this study, but could become hazardous if the annual frequency of use were to increase.

Vitamin and mineral supplement exposures: cases reported to Australia’s largest Poisons Information Centre, 2014-15 to 2018-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Usha Luckock ◽  
Joanna Harnett ◽  
Rose Cairns
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Information Centre ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Unit Dose ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Poisons Information

ABSTRACT Vitamin and mineral supplements (VMS) are widely available and commonly used. Little is known about patterns of poisoning exposures to VMS in the Australian population. We performed a retrospective study of calls to the New South Wales Poisons Information Centre (NSWPIC), July 2014-June 2019. NSWPIC is Australia’s largest PIC, taking approximately 100,000 calls/year (50% of Australian poisoning calls) from healthcare professionals and members of the public. We conducted additional analyses on iron exposures due to their high risk of acute toxicity. There were 10 944 VMS exposures reported to NSWPIC during the study period, increasing 9.6% per annum over a five year period (95%CI, 7.2 – 12.1%). Toddlers (1-4 years) accounted for 41.5% (4546) of cases. Agents most commonly involved were multivitamins (n=3610), Vitamin D (n=2080), iron (n=1533), and magnesium (n=804). In 17.7% (1934) of cases the call originated from hospital or the patient was referred to hospital by NSWPIC. Iron exposures increased by 14.0% per year (95%CI, 9.5 – 18.5%), and most were associated with high strength products (>45 mg elemental iron per unit dose, n=1036). Iron exposures were hospitalised in 38% of cases (n=583). We conclude that vitamin and mineral supplement exposures are increasing in Australia. Although most exposures can be managed at home, many required hospitalisation. Iron exposures are increasing and had higher rates of hospitalisation than other agents. Vitamin and mineral supplements are often considered safe and without the potential for adverse effects, highlighting the importance of public education into the potential risks of misuse of these products.

Study and Prediction of Bone Strength of Osteoporosis Model Based on Synchrotron Radiation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanyu Li ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Shunan Zhang ◽  
Han Guo ◽  
Jianqi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Bone Microstructure ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Osteoporotic Bone ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Osteoporosis Diagnosis

Abstract Background: As the gold standard for clinical osteoporosis diagnosis, bone mineral density has significant limitations in bone strength assessment and fracture risk prediction. The purpose of this study is to explore a new osteoporotic bone quality evaluation criteria from both diagnosis site selection and bone strength prediction. Methods: Ovariectomized rats with different intensity swimming therapy were investigated in this study. The lumbar vertebrae and femurs of all the rats were scanned by synchrotron radiation computed tomography. Bone microstructure analysis and finite element analysis were combined to obtain bone microstructure parameters and estimated bone strength. And the sensitivity of different skeletal sites to therapy was explored. An elastic network regression model was established to predict bone strength by integrating additional bone microstructure characteristics besides bone mass.Results: Histomorphometry analysis showed that swimming therapy could reduce the risk of osteoporosis of lumbar vertebrae and femur and suggested that the femur might be a more suitable site for osteoporosis diagnosis and efficacy evaluation than the lumbar vertebrae. The average coefficient of determination and average root mean squared error of our predictive model were 0.774 and 0.110. Bland-Altman analysis showed that our model could be a good alternative to the finite element method. Conclusions: The present study developed a machine learning model for prediction of bone strength of osteoporosis model based on synchrotron x-ray imaging and demonstrated that different skeletal sites had different sensitivity to therapy, which is of great significance for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis, the prevention of fractures and the monitoring of therapy.

153 Differences in Health and Carcass Characteristics of Yearling Steers That Received Free-choice Garlic-infused Mineral Supplements

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 77-77
Author(s):  
Iris Ho In Cheang-Deis ◽  
Oluwatobi Oyedeji ◽  
Hushton Block ◽  
Kateryn Rochon ◽  
Mika Asai-Coakwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Garlic Powder ◽  
Normal Ranges

Abstract Garlic products have been reported to have antimicrobial effects and may trigger anemia in horses, but their direct impact on feedlot cattle has not been detailed. With increased free-choice feeding of garlic-infused mineral supplements to beef cattle, it is important to evaluate this strategy’s impact on the animals’ health and the potential impact on carcass qualities. This 2-yr study recruited 208 crossbred feedlot steers in a supplementation trial using a completely randomized design. Each year, 104 steers were assigned to 1 of 4 groups that received either non-garlic mineral supplement (MS), MS + 0.3% garlic-oil-based premix (GOil), MS + 2.5% garlic powder (LGP), MS + 5% garlic powder (HGP). Feed and supplements were provided on an ad-lib basis and were measured for each steer with automatic feeding units. The study evaluated health indicators such as blood parameters and internal parasites. At harvest, carcass characteristics (including the incidence of liver abscesses) were assessed for all steers. The groups consumed between 156 and 208 g/d of the supplement over the two years, with the MS group having a lower overall supplement intake than other groups. The average daily consumption of garlic products in GOil, LGP, and HGP were approximately 0.6g/d, 5.2g/d, and 10.1g/d, respectively. There was no difference in total fecal egg counts (P = 0.45) among the groups. There was no association between the treatment groups and incidences of liver abscess scores (P = 0.10) nor carcass grade outcomes (P = 0.84). Further, there were no differences in hot carcass weight (P = 0.90), rib eye area (P = 0.34) and carcass backfat thickness (P = 0.99). All blood parameters evaluated were within normal ranges for all groups. The results suggest that infusing commercial garlic products into mineral supplements is not associated with undesirable effects on cattle health or carcass characteristics.

scholarly journals Dietary n-3 PUFA content as a modulator of the femur properties in growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 508-518
Author(s):  
Monika Sobol ◽  
Grzegorz Skiba ◽  
Stanisława Raj
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Pufa Content ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
Pufa Ratio

AbstractThe relationships between both dietary and empty body fatty acid composition and the morphometry, densitometry, geometry and biomechanical properties of the femur of growing pigs were analysed. A total of thirty-two pigs aged 115 d were divided into four groups (n 8 per group). The pigs were fed either a control diet (group C) or a diet supplemented with linseed oil (rich in α-linolenic acid (C18 : 3n-3), group L), fish oil (rich in EPA (C20 : 5n-3) and DHA (C22 : 6n-3), group F) and beef tallow (rich in SFA, group T). The diets differed in n-3 PUFA contents (0·63–18·52 g/kg) and n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios (0·91–14·51). At 165 d of age, the pigs were slaughtered and the fatty acids in the empty body were determined. Moreover, the left femur was dissected. The cortical wall thickness, cross-sectional area, cortical index, bone mineral content, bone mineral density, maximum elastic strength and maximum strength were lower (P<0·05) in the femurs of pigs from groups C and T than in those from groups F and L. Significant positive correlations were found between the densitometry, geometry and biomechanical properties of the femur and both dietary and empty body n-3 PUFA content, whereas significant negative correlations were observed between the same properties and both dietary and empty body n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio. The results of the present study suggest that in growing pigs α-linolenic acid has a similar positive effect on bone health to that of EPA and DHA.

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