Vitamin A deficiency in Bos indicus heifers fed a wheat straw diet cannot be corrected with algae lick blocks or intramuscular injectable retinyl palmitate treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Parker ◽  
J. P. Goopy ◽  
M. J. Callaghan ◽  
J. J. Vermunt ◽  
R. de Nys
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet ◽  
Β Carotene

Serum and liver retinol concentrations and blood β-carotene concentrations were studied in 30 Bos indicus heifers rendered deficient of vitamin A over 180 days and then given treatments of access to algae-based lick blocks (n = 10), injectable retinyl palmitate and molasses-based lick blocks (n = 10), or a negative control given access to molasses-based lick blocks only (n = 10). All heifers became deficient in blood and liver vitamin A, as well as blood β-carotene by 180 days. There was no treatment effect on bodyweight (P = 0.347). However, a highly significant effect of time (P = 0.001) was detected where all heifers achieved an average daily gain of 0.74 kg/day throughout the depletion phase of the study but lost 0.150 kg/day during the repletion phase. The concentrations of serum and liver retinol and blood β-carotene were not different between treatment groups (P = 0.362, P = 0.535 and P = 0.839) during the depletion or repletion phases of the study. All heifers continued to be rendered deficient in the concentrations of serum and liver retinol and blood β-carotene throughout the experiment demonstrating a highly significant effect of time (P = 0.001). Injectable retinyl palmitate (818 100 IU retinol) or access to algal lick blocks (4180 IU retinol) did not elevate blood or liver retinol concentrations in heifers rendered deficient of vitamin A. It is speculated that the protein-deficient diet fed to the heifers had an adverse effect on the blood retinol transport proteins.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Retinyl Palmitate and Red Palm Oil β-Carotene as Strategies to Address Vitamin A Deficiency

Nutrients ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3257-3271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellie Souganidis ◽  
Arnaud Laillou ◽  
Magali Leyvraz ◽  
Regina Moench-Pfanner
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Red Palm Oil ◽  
Β Carotene

scholarly journals Efficacy of massive oral doses of retinyl palmitate and mango (Mangifera indica L.) consumption to correct an existing vitamin A deficiency in Senegalese children

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Carlier ◽  
Michel Etchepare ◽  
Jean-François Ceccon ◽  
Marie-Sophie Mourey ◽  
Olivier Amédée-Manesme
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Normal Cytology ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
Β Carotene

Administration of large oral doses of retinyl palmitate has become the most widely practised vitamin A deficiency prevention strategy in developing countries. We conducted a follow-up study among 220 Senegalese children aged 2–7 years suffering from moderate undernutrition to determine the efficacy of vitamin A treatment on their vitamin A status assessed by biochemical and cytological (impression cytology with transfer) methods. The first examination (T = 0 m[onth]) was carried out during April 1989, before the mango (Mangifera indica L,) harvest. The second examination (T = 2 m) was carried out 2 months after vitamin A treatment during June 1989 when ripe mangoes become widely available. Conjunctival cells of the eyes of the children with or without ocular inflammation were responsive to vitamin A administration (P < 0.01). There was a significant increase (P < 0.001) in mean serum retinol and β-carotene levels between T = 0 m and T = 2 m. Mean serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR) levels did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) at T = 0 m and T = 2 m. Despite the intake of vitamin A, 54% of the children who had abnormal cytology at T = 0 m remained abnormal at T = 2 m. This was due to inadequate levels of TTR and RBP, presumably due to the cereal diet eaten by the Senegalese population. Children with abnormal eye cytology had lower serum retinol levels than those with normal eyes at T = 0 m, and β-carotene values did not correlate with eye cytological abnormalities at T = 0 m. Children with normal cytology had higher serum retinol and also β-carotene levels than those with abnormal cytology after massive oral doses of vitamin A and consumption of mangoes at T = 2 m. Retinyl palmitate may, therefore, only lead to partial cytological improvement due to a lack of retinol-carrier proteins but dietary β-carotene may also be involved

scholarly journals Biofortified cassava increases β-carotene and vitamin A concentrations in the TAG-rich plasma layer of American women

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. La Frano ◽  
Leslie R. Woodhouse ◽  
Dustin J. Burnett ◽  
Betty J. Burri
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Plasma Layer ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
American Women ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Β Carotene

Biofortification of cassava with the provitamin A carotenoid β-carotene is a potential mechanism for alleviating vitamin A deficiency. Cassava is a staple food in the African diet, but data regarding the human bioavailability of β-carotene from this food are scarce. The objective of the present study was to evaluate provitamin A-enhanced cassava as a source of β-carotene and vitamin A for healthy adult women. The study was a randomised, cross-over trial of ten American women. The subjects consumed three different porridges separated by 2 week washout periods. Treatment meals (containing 100 g cassava) included: biofortified cassava (2 mg β-carotene) porridge with added oil (15 ml peanut or rapeseed oil, 20 g total fat); biofortified cassava porridge without added oil (6 g total fat); unfortified white cassava porridge with a 0·3 mg retinyl palmitate reference dose and added oil (20 g total fat). Blood was collected six times from − 0·5 to 9·5 h post-feeding. TAG-rich lipoprotein (TRL) plasma was separated by ultracentrifugation and analysed using HPLC with coulometric array electrochemical detection. The AUC for retinyl palmitate increased after the biofortified cassava meals were fed (P< 0·05). Vitamin A conversion was 4·2 (sd3·1) and 4·5 (sd3·1) μg β-carotene:1 μg retinol, with and without added oil, respectively. These results show that biofortified cassava increases β-carotene and retinyl palmitate TRL plasma concentrations in healthy well-nourished adult women, suggesting that it is a viable intervention food for preventing vitamin A deficiency.

scholarly journals Dietary β-Carotene Rescues Vitamin A Deficiency and Inhibits Atherogenesis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1625
Author(s):  
Ayelet Harari ◽  
Nir Melnikov ◽  
Michal Kandel Kfir ◽  
Yehuda Kamari ◽  
Lidor Mahler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Β Carotene

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a major health problem, especially in developing countries. In this study, we investigated the effect of VAD from weaning to adulthood in apoE−/− mice. Three-week-old male mice were allocated into four diet groups: I. VAD II. VAD+vitamin A (VA), 1500 IU retinyl-palmitate; III. VAD+β-carotene (BC), 6 g/kg feed, containing 50% all-trans and 50% 9-cis BC. IV. VAD with BC and VA (BC+VA). After 13 weeks, we assessed the size of atherosclerotic plaques and measured VA in tissues and BC in plasma and tissues. VAD resulted in diminished hepatic VA levels and undetectable brain VA levels compared to the other groups. BC completely replenished VA levels in the liver, and BC+VA led to a two-fold elevation of hepatic VA accumulation. In adipose tissue, mice fed BC+VA accumulated only 13% BC compared to mice fed BC alone. Atherosclerotic lesion area of BC group was 73% lower compared to VAD group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that BC can be a sole source for VA and inhibits atherogenesis.

scholarly journals α-Retinol and 3,4-didehydroretinol support growth in rats when fed at equimolar amounts and α-retinol is not toxic after repeated administration of large doses

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (8) ◽  
pp. 1373-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Napaporn Riabroy ◽  
Joseph T. Dever ◽  
Sherry A. Tanumihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Retinyl Acetate ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Growth Assay

Dietary α-carotene is present in oranges and purple-orange carrots. Upon the central cleavage of α-carotene in the intestine, α-retinal and retinal are formed and reduced to α-retinol (αR) and retinol. Previous reports have suggested that αR has 2 % biopotency of all-trans-retinyl acetate due in part to its inability to bind to the retinol-binding protein. In the present work, we carried out three studies. Study 1 re-determined αR's biopotency compared with retinol and 3,4-didehydroretinol in a growth assay. Weanling rats (n 40) were fed a vitamin A-deficient diet for 8 weeks, divided into four treatment groups (n 10/group) and orally dosed with 50 nmol/d retinyl acetate (14·3 μg retinol), α-retinyl acetate (143 μg αR), 3,4-didehydroretinyl acetate (14·2 μg DR) or cottonseed oil (negative control). Supplementation was continued until the control rats exhibited deficiency signs 5 weeks after the start of supplementation. Body weights and AUC values for growth response revealed that αR and DR had 40–50 and 120–130 % bioactivity, respectively, compared with retinol. In study 2, the influence of αR on liver ROH storage was investigated. The rats (n 40) received 70 nmol retinyl acetate and 0, 17·5, 35 or 70 nmol α-retinyl acetate daily for 3 weeks. Although liver retinol concentrations differed among the groups, αR did not appreciably interfere with retinol storage. In study 3, the accumulation and disappearance of αR over time and potential liver pathology were determined. The rats (n 15) were fed 3·5 μmol/d α-retinyl acetate for 21 d and the groups were killed at 1-, 2- and 3-week intervals. No liver toxicity was observed. In conclusion, αR and didehydroretinol are more biopotent than previously reported at sustained equimolar dosing of 50 nmol/d, which is an amount of retinol known to keep rats in vitamin A balance.

Vitamin A deficiency enhances ozone-induced lung injury

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (3) ◽  
pp. L475-L482 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Paquette ◽  
L. Y. Zhang ◽  
W. A. Ellis ◽  
A. L. Scott ◽  
S. R. Kleeberger
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Differential Cell Count ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice

The present study determined the effects of vitamin A (vA) deficiency on the responses to ozone (O3) challenges in two inbred strains of mice that are differentially susceptible to O3-induced lung inflammation. Susceptible C57BL/6J (B6) and resistant C3H/HeJ (C3) dams at 2 wk gestation were fed test diets containing either 0 or 10 micrograms retinol/g diet. In mice that were maintained on vA-sufficient (vA+) diet, lung and liver tissue concentrations of vA and retinyl palmitate (RP) were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the B6 strain compared with C3, as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography techniques. vA and RP levels were significantly (P<0.05) reduced in lung and liver tissues of 8-wk old B6 and C3 mice that were maintained on a vA deficient (vA-) diet. vA+ and vA- mice of both strains were exposed to air or 0.3 ppm O3/72 h, and lung injury was assessed by differential cell count and total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) returns. O3 exposure caused significantly (P<0.05) greater increases in inflammatory cells and a total protein in BAL returns of vA+ B6 mice than vA+ C3 mice. vA deficiency significantly (P<0.05) enhanced O3-induced increases in polymorphonuclear leukocytes in C3 mice and epithelial cells loss in both strains. Compared with vA+ mice, lung permeability was also significantly (P<0.05) enhanced in vA- mice of both strains exposed to O3. vA replacement partially reversed the O3-induced lung injury that was enhanced by vA- diet. Results indicate that vA may have an important role in the pathogenesis of O3-induced lung injury in differentially susceptible inbred strains of mice.

scholarly journals Nutritional enhancement of Ghanaian weaning foods using the orange flesh sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas)

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (65) ◽  
pp. 9236-9256
Author(s):  
EA Bonsi ◽  
◽  
WA Plahar ◽  
R Zabawa ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Consumer Acceptability ◽  
Weaning Food ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Weaning Foods ◽  
Maize Meal ◽  
Β Carotene

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a public health problem in Ghana. Research on the orange flesh sweet potato root has been given prominence because of its high β - carotene content as a means to enhance the nutritive value and vitamin A content of the traditional diets of Ghanaian children as a long -term intervention towards combating VAD. Two Ghanaian cereal -legume weaning foods: roasted maize- soy blend and fermented maize -soy blend were added to Orange Flesh Sweet potato (O FS) flour from the variety, Beauregard, to develop four weaning food formulations . To each product formulation preparation, 25% and 50% OFS flour was added to the basic cereal - legume meals , and mixed thoroughly. The four weaning formulations were evaluated for chemical composition, sensory characteristics and consumer acceptability. All samples had a range of protein (12.1% - 15%), fat (4.8% - 6.4%), carbohydrate (71.1% – 75.1%), energy (380 - 390 kcal/100g) and minerals (calcium, iron and phosphorus) to ensure good nutrient density, while the moisture content was low (5.3% - 6.1%) for storage stability. The contribution of β -carotene ( 55.18 –115.55 ug/g) by the OFS in the formulations further enhanced the nutritive value of all the blends and is enough to meet the daily β -carotene needs of the children ( 1-6 yrs of 400 -450ug/100g). A higher level of β -carotene was seen in the roasted maize meal weaning foods which make s them a better potential blend for combating VAD. Also, sensory evaluation of the products indicated the highest consumer acceptability score (87%) for the roasted maize meal porridge formulation containing 25% OFS . It is, therefore , concluded that OFS flour has the potential to be used at 25% replacement level in the soy- fortified roasted maize meal formulation, and OFS is a useful ingredient with the potential to improve the β -carotene or vitamin A content of such formulations . This will help alleviate vitamin A deficiency of children in Ghana and other countries with similar problems . It is , therefore, recommended that the orange flesh sweet potato flour be used by mothers as an entry point for enhancing the traditional weaning food preparations .

scholarly journals Cassava with enhanced β-carotene maintains adequate vitamin A status in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) despite substantial cis-isomer content

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Howe ◽  
Bussie Maziya-Dixon ◽  
Sherry A. Tanumihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Mongolian Gerbils ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Isomer Content ◽  
Β Carotene

Efforts to increase β-carotene in cassava have been successful, but the ability of high-β-carotene cassava to prevent vitamin A deficiency has not been determined. Two studies investigated the bioefficacy of provitamin A in cassava and compared the effects of carotenoid content and variety on vitamin A status in vitamin A-depleted Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Gerbils were fed a vitamin A-free diet 4 weeks prior to treatment. In Expt 1, treatments (ten gerbils per group) included 45 % high-β-carotene cassava, β-carotene and vitamin A supplements (intake matched to high-β-carotene cassava group), and oil control. In Expt 2, gerbils were fed cassava feeds with 1·8 or 4·3 nmol provitamin A/g prepared with two varieties. Gerbils were killed after 4 weeks. For Expt 1, liver vitamin A was higher (P < 0·05) in the vitamin A (1·45 (sd 0·23) μmol/liver), lower in the control (0·43 (sd 0·10) μmol/liver), but did not differ from the β-carotene group (0·77 (sd 0·12) μmol/liver) when compared with the high-β-carotene cassava group (0·69 (sd 0·20) μmol/liver). The bioconversion factor was 3·7 μg β-carotene to 1 μg retinol (2 mol:1 mol), despite 48 % cis-β-carotene [(Z)-β-carotene] composition in cassava. In Expt 2, cassava feed with 4·3 nmol provitamin A/g maintained vitamin A status. No effect of cassava variety was observed. Serum retinol concentrations did not differ. β-Carotene was detected in livers of gerbils receiving cassava and supplements, but the cis-to-trans ratio in liver differed from intake. Biofortified cassava adequately maintained vitamin A status and was as efficacious as β-carotene supplementation in the gerbil model.

Vitamin A Status and Hepatic Drug Metabolism in the Rat

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Becking
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Hepatic Drug Metabolism ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Hepatic Drug ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Liver Vitamin

The effect of vitamin A status on hepatic drug metabolism was studied in rats. Animals were fed diets with and without vitamin A for 20 and 25 days. Weight gains of control and deficient animals were not significantly different, whereas liver vitamin A levels had decreased to less than 10% of control animals after 20 days and were essentially zero after eating the deficient diet for 25 days. Aniline metabolism in vitro and aminopyrine metabolism in vitro and in vivo were significantly lower in male weanling rats fed a vitamin A deficient diet for 20 days. No alteration in in vitro p-nitrobenzoic acid metabolism was noted after 25 days on the test. Vitamin A deficiency did not alter microsomal protein levels or cytochrome c reductase activity but deficient animals did have a lower microsomal cytochrome P-450 content. Hepatic enzyme activities and cytochrome P-450 levels were restored to values approaching those found in control animals by feeding vitamin A deficient rats the vitamin A containing diet for 21 days. Liver vitamin A levels were markedly increased after re-feeding studies but were still significantly lower than control animals.

scholarly journals Effect of Drying on β-Carotene, α Carotene, Lutein and Zeaxanthin Content in Vegetables and Its Application for Vegetable Seasoning

2020 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Kullamethee Piyarach ◽  
Kamnerd Nipawan ◽  
Chumphukhaw Chadapon ◽  
Suwannasit Daluwan ◽  
Rotjanapun Kunjana
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Chinese Kale ◽  
Pepper Powder ◽  
Air Dryer ◽  
Β Carotene

In plant based food with dark-green, yellow and orange color, beta (β)-carotene, alpha (α)-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin are predominating carotenoids contributing to an eyesight improvement. Among food preservation methods, drying using cabinet hot air dryer is one of the most cost-effective options and therefore, this investigation was aimed to study the carotenoids content in vegetables after drying and optimize the vegetable seasoning product. Based on customer survey, carrot, pumpkin, Chinese kale and long coriander were selected for the experiment, accessibility and have met the requirement of final moisture content, less than 10%. Our results demonstrated that drying period of sliced carrots and pumpkins was 360 min, while in Chinese kale and long coriander was 240 min. Amounts of carotenoids in carrot and long coriander were greatly remaining after drying. Drying of Chinese kale had little effect on carotenoids content. While, dried pumpkin may cause a major loss of β-,α-carotene and lutein content over 50%. Regarding to development of vegetable seasoning powder, Just about right and Hedonic 9 point tests were used for a sensory evaluation. The optimal seasoning formula consisted of 66. 8% mixed dried ground vegetables, 13.4% sugar, 8.8% salt, 6.7% garlic powder, and 4.3% white pepper powder. The overall acceptability of the product was rated as moderately liked, containing β-carotene, α-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin content as 178.04±3.39, 58.81±1.83, 158.89±4.16, 0.98±0.01 μg/g, respectively (vitamin A approximately 29.67 μg RE/g). Fortification of vegetable seasoning powder for daily consumption may improve the eye vision and reduce the rate of vitamin A deficiency.

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