Effect of dietary inclusion level of a multi-species probiotic on broiler performance and two biomarkers of their caecal ecology

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos C. Mountzouris ◽  
Irida Palamidi ◽  
Panagiotis Tsirtsikos ◽  
Michaela Mohnl ◽  
Gerd Schatzmayr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

The effect of the dietary inclusion level of a three-species probiotic on broiler performance, nutrient digestibility, caecal microbiota composition and volatile fatty acid (VFA) pattern was evaluated. Day-old Cobb broilers (n = 448) were allocated in four treatments for 6 weeks. Each treatment had four replicates (two per gender) of 28 broilers each. Depending on the type of addition per kg basal diet, treatments were C (no other addition), PL (108 colony forming units of probiotic), PH (109 colony forming units of probiotic) and A (2.5 mg avilamycin). Overall bodyweight gain was better (P = 0.002) in PL and PH than in the control (2082 g) by 8.7% and 7.5%, respectively, while treatment PL did not differ from A (2341 g), which showed the highest bodyweight gain. The ileal and total-tract apparent digestibility of DM and the apparent metabolisable energy content corrected for N improved linearly (P ≤ 0.05) with the probiotic level. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation analysis showed caecal Bifidobacterium levels to increase linearly (P = 0.006) with the probiotic level. Probiotic administration resulted in altered caecal VFA patterns compared with the control. Gender effects (P ≤ 0.05) were noted for caecal levels of C. histolyticum group, Bacteroides fragilis group and Streptococcus spp., while interactions (P ≤ 0.05) of treatment with gender were seen for Bifidobacterium and all VFA components, except for acetate. In conclusion, beneficial effects on bodyweight gain, DM digestibility, apparent metabolisable energy content corrected for N, caecal Bifidobacterium levels and VFA patterns were noted with both probiotic inclusion levels.

Evaluation of the efficacy of sequential or continuous administration of probiotics and phytogenics in broiler diets

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 720 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Mountzouris ◽  
P. Tsirtsikos ◽  
G. Papadomichelakis ◽  
G. Schatzmayr ◽  
K. Fegeros
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Continuous Administration ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Caecal Microbiota

Three dietary combinations of probiotics and phytogenics administered sequentially or continuously were assessed for their effects on broiler performance, nutrient digestibility, caecal microbiota composition, volatile fatty acid (VFA) pattern and plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC). One-day-old Cobb male broilers (n = 525) were allocated to five experimental treatments for 42 days. Each treatment had three replicates of 35 broilers each. Depending on the time-frame of sequential or continuous addition in the basal diet (BD) of the probiotics (108 CFU/kg BD) and phytogenics (125 mg/kg BD), experimental treatments were: control (no additions, Days 1–42); PE1, probiotic Days 1–14 and phytogenic Days 15–42; PE2, probiotic Days 1–28 and phytogenic Days 29–42; PE3, probiotic and phytogenic continuously (Days 1–42); and A (2.5 mg avilamycin/kg diet, Days 1–42). There was no loss of probiotic viability upon mixing with the phytogenic for up to 7 days. Overall bodyweight gain was higher (P = 0.025) in the control and PE1 than PE2 and PE3, whereas Treatment A was intermediate and not different from the rest. Overall feed intake in the control was the highest (P = 0.003). Treatments PE1, PE2 and PE3 had better (P = 0.004) overall feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the control. The FCR in PE1 and PE3 did not differ from A, which had the best FCR. Mortality did not differ among treatments. Nutrient digestibility and caecal microbiota composition did not differ among treatments. However, differences (P ≤ 0.05) in caecal VFA pattern were noted, with the control having the lowest acetate molar ratio as well as the highest sum of valeric, hexanoic and heptanoic acids. Plasma TAC in the control was lower than in PE3, PE1 and PE2 at Day 14 (P < 0.001) and PE1 (P = 0.003) at Day 42. The concept of sequential or throughout probiotic and phytogenic administration showed promising results regarding feed efficiency and plasma TAC.

Effects of increasing the inclusion level of Atriplex amnicola in the diet of sheep

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1029
Author(s):  
M. B. P. Kumara Mahipala ◽  
G. L. Krebs ◽  
P. McCafferty ◽  
K. Dods
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

The effects of increasing the level of inclusion of fresh Atriplex amnicola Paul G.Wilson foliage in an oaten chaff (Avena sativa L.) diet fed to sheep were investigated. Six experimental diets were formulated to contain varying amounts [0, 161, 362, 496, 650 and 836 g/kg diet dry matter (DM)] of A. amnicola, and these diets were fed to individually penned sheep according to a Latin square design. Feed and faecal samples were analysed for crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin, and ash contents. Mineral contents and 24 h in vitro gas production were measured in freeze-dried feed samples. As the level of inclusion of A. amnicola increased, digestibility of DM, organic matter and neutral detergent fibre increased (P < 0.05), reaching the peak at the 496 g/kg DM inclusion level and then decreasing (P < 0.05) thereafter. Acid detergent fibre digestibility followed a similar trend, but peak digestibility was at 362 g/kg DM inclusion level. Digestibility of crude protein continued to increase (P < 0.05) with increasing inclusion of A. amnicola. Gas production (24 h) from A. amnicola was lower (P < 0.05) than that from oaten chaff (24.4 v. 45.3 mL/200 mg DM) and also had lower metabolisable energy content (in vitro ME, 6.3 v. 8.6 MJ/kg DM). As the level of inclusion of A. amnicola in the diet increased, gas production and in vitro metabolisable energy content decreased (P < 0.05). The 496 g/kg DM inclusion level provided the optimum N : energy ratio for fermentation of dietary fibre. At this level of inclusion the diet was rich in Na, Ca, P, Mg, K, S, Mn and Zn. High inclusion levels improved the crude protein value of the diet but compromised fibre digestibility.

Nutritive value of wheat concentrated distillers solubles in diets for growing pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 729
Author(s):  
P. Rosenfelder ◽  
M. Eklund ◽  
H. K. Spindler ◽  
U. Messerschmidt ◽  
C. Potthast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Difference

Two experiments (Exp.) were conducted to determine the nutritive value of wheat-derived wet concentrated distillers solubles (CDS) for growing pigs. In Exp. 1, standardised ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) was determined by the difference method, using six ileally cannulated barrows (initial bodyweight (BW) of 31 ± 2.9 kg). The pigs were fed a casein-corn starch-based diet supplemented with wheat CDS so that about half of the crude protein (CP) originated from either wheat CDS or from casein. In Exp. 2, 12 barrows with an initial BW of 17 ± 0.9 kg were used to determine digestible energy (DE) content, and to calculate metabolisable energy (ME) and net energy (NE) content of wheat CDS. Animals were fed either a casein-corn starch-based basal diet or a CDS diet containing 470 g/kg of the basal diet and 530 g/kg wheat CDS on a dry matter (DM) basis. Values of SID of CP and AA in Exp. 1 amounted to 85, 74, 83 and 70% for CP, lysine, methionine and threonine, respectively. The DE, ME and NE contents of wheat CDS were 16.8, 15.8 and 11.1 MJ/kg DM, respectively. It can be concluded that SID of CP and AA and also the energy content in wheat CDS are substantially higher than corresponding values reported in international tables with information on nutritional value of dried co-products of bioethanol production.

Effect of dietary niacin supplementation on performance, total tract nutrient retention, carcass yield and meat lipid profile of growing turkeys

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolulope Oluwadamilare Adebowale ◽  
Hongnan Liu ◽  
Abimbola Oladele Oso ◽  
Oyegunle Emmanuel Oke ◽  
Tarique Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Alkaline Phosphate

A study was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary high or recommended nicotinic acid (niacin) supplementation on growth performance, total tract nutrient digestibility, hematology, serum chemistry, and lipoprotein concentrations in the serum and meat of growing turkeys. Turkeys were assigned to three treatments on weight equalisation basis with five replicates of eight turkeys in each group. Experimental diets were: no supplemental niacin (Control), a diet supplemented with 60 mg/kg niacin termed as recommended niacin supplementation and a diet supplemented with 180 mg/kg niacin termed as high niacin supplementation (HNS). The experiment lasted for the grower (Day 56–84) and finisher phases (Day 84–112) of the birds. Dietary inclusion of HNS increased (P &lt; 0.01) bodyweight gain, metabolisable energy (Days 84 and 112), dressing percentage and retail cut parts of turkeys (Day 112) in relation to the Control-fed turkeys. Furthermore, least white blood cell count and higher concentrations of packed cell volume, red blood cells and hemoglobin (P &lt; 0.01) were found in turkeys fed HNS on Days 84 and 112. Similarly, turkeys in the HNS group had improved serum constituents including serum protein, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphate. The blood and meat lipid profile analysis showed that low density lipoprotein and total cholesterol were least (P &lt; 0.05) in turkeys fed HNS. Collectively, dietary high supplementation of niacin (180 mg/kg) improves production performances, reduces serum and meat fat content and improve indicators of stress resistance ability in growing turkeys.

Understanding interactions between forages and concentrates is important for formulating feeding strategies for growing cattle in central Vietnam

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 821 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. Doyle ◽  
C. R. Stockdale ◽  
Nguyen Xuan Ba ◽  
Nguyen Huu Van ◽  
Le Duc Ngoan
Keyword(s):  
Substitution Rate ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Growing Cattle ◽  
Concentrate Treatment ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Forage Intake

Three experiments were conducted in Vietnam to measure responses in forage intake and diet digestibility to concentrate feeding in growing cattle. The basal diet in all experiments was grass (elephant grass, Pennisetum purpureum, in experiments 1 and 2; native grass in experiment 3) fed at 1.25% liveweight (DM basis) during the day and rice straw fed ad libitum at night. The concentrate in experiment 1 was cassava powder plus urea. In experiments 2 and 3, a formulated concentrate comprised of maize, rice bran, fish meal, urea and salt was used. The concentrates were offered at ~0.3, 0.7, 1.3 and 2.0% liveweight in each experiment, and a zero concentrate treatment was also included. Effects of the amount of concentrate on substitution rate of concentrate for forage and on diet neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility were measured to assess interactions between feeds. Substitution rate was high (0.5–0.7 kg DM reduction in forage intake per kg DM supplement consumed) and not affected by amount of supplement fed in experiment 1. In experiments 2 and 3, there was no substitution at the lowest intake of supplement, but it subsequently increased with amount of supplement consumed, to a high of 0.3–0.5 kg DM reduction in forage intake per kg DM supplement consumed. The cassava powder supplement markedly decreased dietary NDF digestibility (from 62 to 41%), whereas the formulated concentrate only reduced NDF digestibility by 11 and 8% units in experiments 2 and 3, respectively. It was calculated that depressions in NDF digestibility would reduce the estimated metabolisable energy content of the basal forage by 1–3.6 MJ/kg DM at the higher supplement intakes. The importance of these results in making decisions on tactical feeding systems to fatten cattle in central Vietnam is discussed.

scholarly journals Combinations of Urochloa hybrid Mulato II and natural pasture hays as a basal diet for growing Farta lambs in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-215
Author(s):  
Wubetie Adnew ◽  
Berhanu Abraha Tsegay ◽  
Asaminew Tassew ◽  
Bimrew Asmare
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

The study was conducted to evaluate the feed intake, digestibility, bodyweight change and carcass characteristics of Farta lambs fed Brachiaria (now: Urochloa) hybrid Mulato II and natural pasture hays in various proportions as a basal diet supplemented with a local concentrate mixture (CM). Twenty-five yearling male Farta lambs with a mean initial body weight of 19.6±0.29 kg (mean±s.e.) were used in feeding (90 days) and digestibility (7 days) trials. The lambs were randomly allocated to the following 5 dietary treatments on the basis of stratified body weight: 100% natural pasture hay (NPH) (T1); 75% NPH+25% Urochloa hybrid Mulato II hay (MH) (T2); 50% NPH+50% MH (T3); 25% NPH+75% MH (T4); and 100% MH (T5). A local concentrate mixture [300 g dry matter (DM)/hd/d] was fed to all animals. Crude protein (CP) concentration of the basal diet increased as proportion of MH in the ration increased (P<0.05). Intake of DM and nutrients, and nutrient digestibility coefficients increased significantly (P<0.05) as proportion of MH in the roughage component of the ration increased. Final body weight, average daily bodyweight gain, feed conversion efficiency and most carcass parameters measured were significantly (P<0.05) higher as proportion of MH increased from 0 to 100% in the basal diet. Based on the biological performance of the experimental lambs, performance of sheep in the region could be enhanced significantly by incorporating MH with native pasture hay and concentrate supplement in feeding rations. Economic assessments would reveal the optimal combinations of native pasture and MH for feeding to achieve particular outcomes. Other improved grass and legume species may fill the same role and should be investigated in differing environments.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of brewers’ grain and maize silage for fattening rabbits

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
H. Guermah ◽  
L. Maertens ◽  
M. Berchiche
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
By Products

<p>Specific knowledge of the nutritive value of raw materials is fundamental to formulate balanced diets for rabbits and allows greater use of by-products and non-conventional feedstuffs. This paper examines the feeding value of sun-dried brewers’ grain and maize silage (whole plant) for fattening rabbits. Twenty-four individually caged 8-wk-old rabbits were used to determine the digestibility. Both wet products were sun-dried and ground before being incorporated into a basal diet. The inclusion level at the expense of all basal ingredients amounted to 30%. Basal diet and both experimental diets were fed ad libitum to 8 rabbits during the 4-d balance trial. The determined digestibility of protein, fat, crude fibre and neutral detergent fibre digestibility amounted to 76.2 and 77.2%; 86.5 and 99.1%; 8.1 and 8.3% and 28.0 and 13.5%, respectively, for brewers’ grain and maize silage. The digestible energy content amounted to 11.66 MJ/kg dry matter (DM) (brewers’ grain) and 11.10 MJ/kg DM (maize silage). Both by-products have potential as alternative feedstuff in rabbit diets. However, further experiments are necessary to determine the effect of ensilaging the whole maize plant, as a significantly lower (P&lt;0.001) feed intake was observed.</p>

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