The influence of particle size and processing method for wheat-based diets, offered in dry or liquid form, on growth performance and diet digestibility in male weaner pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie l'Anson ◽  
Mingan Choct ◽  
Peter H. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Large White ◽  
Food Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Weaner Pigs

In total, 136 entire male (Large White × Landrace) weaner pigs (28 days; 7.4 ± 0.3 kg) were individually housed and allocated to a 26-day feeding trial of 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. The factors were (1) feed processing method (meal or steam-pelleted); (2) feed form (dry or liquid), and (3) wheat particle size (average 760 or 664 μm). Five days post weaning two pigs were removed from each treatment. Particle size had no effect on pig performance. Pigs fed steam-pelleted diets had higher daily gain (446 versus 388 g/day; s.e.d. 14.7), better food conversion ratio (1.20 versus 1.44; s.e.d. 0.05) and were heavier at the end of the 26-day feeding period (17.9 versus 16.8 kg; s.e.d. 0.31) than pigs fed meal diets (P < 0.05). Pigs given liquid diets had higher daily gain (453 versus 381 g/day; s.e.d. 14.7) and 26 days’ weight (18.1 versus 16.7 kg; s.e.d. 0.31), but poorer food conversion ratio (1.42 versus 1.22; s.e.d. 0.05) than pigs fed dry diets (P < 0.05). This poorer feed conversion efficiency of liquid fed pigs was largely attributable to increased feed wastage. Liquid-fed pigs consumed more feed in the 5 days post weaning (197 versus 157 g/day; s.e.d. 8.7; P < 0.05). The apparent DE content of the diet was increased (0.5 ± 0.1 MJ/kg DM; P < 0.05) by either steam-pelleting or finer grinding, but was not affected by liquid feeding.

Effect of feed processing and enzyme supplementation on diet digestibility and performance of male weaner pigs fed wheat-based diets in dry or liquid form

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie A. l'Anson ◽  
Mingan Choct ◽  
Peter H. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Large White ◽  
Feed Processing ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Weaner Pigs

One hundred and forty-four individually housed, entire male (Large White × Landrace) weaner pigs (28 days; 7.3 s.d. 0.1 kg) were individually housed and allocated to a 26-day feeding trial of 2 by 2 by 3 factorial design. The factors were (1) feed processing method (meal or steam pelleted), (2) feed form (dry or liquid), and (3) enzyme addition (basal diet, or basal diet plus 300 ppm xylanase or 100 ppm phytase). Five days post weaning, two pigs were removed from each treatment. The basal diet was formulated to be marginally adequate for pigs of this age, providing 13.8 MJ digestible energy (DE)/kg DM and 0.79 g available lysine/MJ DE. The diet contained 0.81% Ca, 0.44% non-phytate-P and 0.31% phytate-P. Compared with pigs fed dry diets, pigs fed liquid diets consumed less feed (70 ± 14.2 g/day; P < 0.05) had a lower daily gain (49 ± 12.5 g/day; P < 0.05) and as a consequence had a lower 26-day weight (1.1 ± 0.4 kg; P < 0.05). However, pigs fed liquid diets had a better feed conversion efficiency (adjusted to the same DM content as dry feed) than pigs on dry diets (1.16 versus 1.20 ± 0.02; P < 0.05). Steam pelleting the diets had no effect on feed intake or daily gain, but did improve feed conversion ratio (1.14 versus 1.22 ± 0.02; P < 0.05). The poorer growth on liquid feeds appeared to result from the feeding method imposing a degree of restriction on feed intake. Xylanase or phytase supplementation did not significantly affect non-starch polysaccharide levels in the diets or growth performance. Phytase supplementation increased (P < 0.05) daily intake, daily gain and 26-day weight, of pigs fed dry diets, but not those fed liquid diets. The results indicated that when diets were fed in liquid form, prior steam pelleting of the diets and enzyme supplementation did not provide additional benefit.

The association of food conversion ratio, age at slaughter and carcass quality in pigs fed ad libitum

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Owen ◽  
J. R. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Food Conversion Ratio ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYData from a boar progeny testing scheme based on ad libitum feeding were analysed to test the hypothesis that the resultant correlations of food conversion ratio with related factors would differ from those found under conditions of restricted feeding.The results support the hypothesis, showing that the primarily genetic correlations derived from boar effects for growth and conversion ratio, are lower than those reported elsewhere for restricted feeding. It was also shown that these primarily genetic correlations could vary between breeds, the leanness associated with rapid growth in Wessex not being found in Large White, and that the correlations due to residual effects containing a greater environmental component varied widely from test to test.It is concluded that the parameters used in the design of a genetic improvement scheme should be derived specifically for each breed and feeding system. However, if the marked variability in phenotypic correlations noted here is generally applicable, this could present a difficult problem in the design of pig improvement programmes with multiple objectives.

Effect of xylanase supplementation of wheat-based liquid diets, for weaner pigs, steeped for 1 or 24 h before feeding

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie A. l'Anson ◽  
Mingan Choct ◽  
Peter H. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Available Lysine ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Weaner Pigs ◽  
Entire Male

Seventy-two individually housed, entire male (Large White × Landrace) weaner pigs (28 days; 7.4 ± 0.4 kg) were used in a 26-day feeding trial. The pigs were allocated to one of six treatments in a 3 by 2 factorial design. The factors were (1) steeping duration of liquid feed [0 (dry control diet), 1 or 24 h], and (2) enzyme supplementation (0 or 300 ppm xylanase). The basal diet was wheat-based (65%) and was formulated to be marginally adequate for pigs of this age, containing 14.5 MJ digestible energy (DE)/kg and 0.85 g available lysine/MJ DE. Feeding pigs liquid diets steeped for 1 h increased feed intake (61 g/day; s.e.d. 17; P < 0.05) and daily gain (70 g/day; s.e.d. 17; P < 0.05) and improved feed conversion ratio (1.16 versus 1.22; s.e.d. 0.03; P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed dry diets. Performance was not further improved by steeping for 24 h. The addition of xylanase to the diets had no positive effect on any of the performance measures and was associated with a significant (40 g/day; s.e.d. 14; P < 0.05) reduction in feed intake. These results provide no support for supplementing liquid diets for weaner pig diets with xylanase.

Decorticated safflower meal as a protein supplement in diets fed either restrictively or ad libitum to barrow and gilt pigs over 45 kg liveweight

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (66) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Williams ◽  
PK O'Rourke
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Gain

Twenty barrow and twenty gilt Berkshire x Large White pigs were fed barley based diets containing protein supplements of either 13 per cent soybean meal, 9 per cent fishmeal, 14.5 per cent safflower meal plus 0.2 per cent I-lysine mono hydrochloride plus 0.1 per cent methionine or 14.5 per cent safflower meal plus 4.5 per cent fishmeal from 46.4 to 87.0 kg liveweight. All diets were fed individually at a restricted feeding scale. The safflower meal diets were also fed ad libitum. Barrows and gilts fed ad libitum recorded a 65 and 27 per cent improvement respectively in average daily gain and had slightly fatter carcases than those fed comparable diets restrictively. Feed conversion ratio was not significantly affected by level of feeding. Growth and carcase attributes of pigs fed diets restrictively were similar apart from the feed conversion ratio of pigs fed the amino acid supplemented safflower meal diet, which was inferior (P < 0.05) to those fed the soybean meal supplemented diets. Barrows grew faster and produced fatter carcases than gilts, A significant sex x diet interaction occurred from which it was concluded that gilts, but not barrows, could be fed ad libitum without detriment to the quality of the carcase.

scholarly journals Efisiensi pakan bertepung kijing Taiwan (Anodonta woodiana) bagi pertumbuhan ikan mas (Cyprinus caprio L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arliani Mangkapa ◽  
Cyska Lumenta ◽  
Jeffrie F. Mokolensang
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Food Conversion Ratio ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Randomized Design

The objectives of research were to determine the effect of different composition of Taiwanese mussel powder-supplemented feed on absolute growth, daily growth, relative growth, feed efficiency and food conversion ratio for carp fingerling; and to determine the best composition of Taiwanese mussel powder-supplemented feed that gave the best response on carp fingerling.  The research was conducted at Laboratory of Aquaculture Technology by means of 15 aquaria with a density of 10 fishes (3-5 cm in length) per aquarium. The research implemented Complete Randomized Design with five treatments, each with three replications.  The treatments included A= 0, B= 10, C= 20, D= 30, and E= 40% Taiwanese mussel carcass powder.  The fish were fed three times a day at 6% of body weight. Research result showed the best absolute,  daily, and relative growth,  feed efficiency and food conversion ratio was observed at treatment E.  It was concluded that feed supplemented with 40% of Taiwanese mussel carcass powder demonstrated the best response on  and growth, feed efficiency and food conversion ratio.Keywords:  Taiwanese mussel powder, growth, feed efficiency, feed conversion ratio

Selection for components of efficient lean growth in Large White pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
N.D. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Correlated Responses ◽  
Large White ◽  
Lean Growth ◽  
Food Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Selection For

An experiment was started in 1984 at Edinburgh and Wye to study responses to divergent selection for lean growth rate (LGA), lean food conversion ratio (LFC) and daily food intake (DFI). This paper measured the selection pressure applied, the responses in the selection criteria and estimated the genetic and phenotypic relationships between the selection criteria with ad-libitum feeding of Large White pigs after four generations of selection.Selection objectives and criteria. The LGA (LFC) selection objective was to obtain equal correlated responses in growth rate (food conversion ratio) and carcass lean content, measured in phenotypic s.d. The LGA, LFC and DFI selection criteria had phenotypic s.d. of 27, 29 and 250 units and results are presented in s.d. units.

Effect of gender, terminal sire line and age at slaughter on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of heavy pigs

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Latorre ◽  
P. Medel ◽  
A. Fuentetaja ◽  
R. Lázaro ◽  
G. G. Mateos
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
A Value ◽  
Food Conversion Ratio ◽  
Female Line

AbstractTwo hundred and forty pigs of 56 ± 3 days of age were used to investigate the effects of sex (barrows; gilts), boar sire (DD, Danish Duroc; ND × LW, Dutch Duroc × Large White ; P × LW, Pietrain × Large White) and slaughter age (160; 175 days) on performance and carcass and meat quality. Treatments were arranged factorially (2 × 3 × 2) and there were four replicates (five pigs per replicate) per treatment. The female line was Landrace × Large White in all cases. Barrows had greater daily food intake (P <0·001) and average daily gain (P <0·01) and had poorer food conversion ratio (P <0·001) than gilts. Carcasses from castrates were fatter and had a lower yield of trimmed lean cuts than carcasses from females (P <0·001). Longissimus muscle from barrows had more intramuscular fat and higher a* value than muscle from gilts (P <0·05). Pigs from DD sire line grew faster (P <0·05) and had a better food conversion ratio (P <0·001) than pigs from the other two lines. Dressing proportion and backfat thickness were greatest for P × LW sired pigs (P <0·01) and proportion of trimmed lean cuts was greater for DD and P × LW than for ND × LW sired pigs (P <0·01). Longissimus muscle from DD sired pigs had less protein (P <0·01) and more intramuscular fat (P <0·001) than muscle from the remaining lines. Longissimus muscle from P × LW line had more intense colour than muscle from DD and ND × LW lines (P <0·01). Pigs slaughtered at 175 days had poorer food conversion ratio (P <0·01) and less trimmed primal cut proportion (P <0·001) than pigs slaughtered at 160 days. Also, increasing the age at slaughter increased intramuscular fat content (P <0·01), a* value (P <0·001) and colour intensity of the muscle (P <0·01). Danish Duroc boars are a good alternative to ND × LW or P × LW boars for production of heavy pigs whether the crossbreds are sacrificed at 160 or 175 days. Also, an increase in age at slaughter impairs growth efficiency and yield of lean cuts but improves some aspects of meat quality, which might be of interest in the production of heavy pigs destined for the dry-cured product industry.

Porcine somatotropin and cysteamine hydrochloride improve growth performance and reduce back fat in finisher gilts

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 796 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Dunshea
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Porcine Somatotropin ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Sustained Increase

Porcine somatotropin (pST) treatment of pigs consistently improves daily gain and feed conversion ratio but the daily injections involved can be problematic. The sulfhydryl compound cysteamine hydrochloride (CSH) increases somatotropin secretion in several species, possibly through inhibition of somatostatin secretion. Therefore, it is possible that dietary CSH supplementation may provide a dietary means of increasing pST secretion and improving growth performance in finisher pigs. Eighteen female crossbred (Large white × Landrace) gilts (59.2 kg) were allocated to one of three treatments with the respective factors being a control diet, dietary CSH (0.7 g/kg) and intramuscular pST (5 mg/day) for 5 weeks. After slaughter the whole half carcass was cut into primal cuts which were then dissected to a retail level into lean, fat, bone and rind. Over the first 2 weeks of the study daily gain was increased by both pST (+46%, P < 0.001) and CSH (+12%, P < 0.05) while feed conversion ratio was decreased by pST (–30%, P < 0.001) and CSH (–9.4%, P = 0.08) over this period. Over the entire 5 weeks there was a large and sustained increase in daily gain in pigs treated with pST (+38%, P < 0.001), while dietary CSH tended to cause a more modest increase in daily gain (+7.4%, P = 0.06). As a result, final liveweight (+10.6 and +2.0 kg, respectively) and carcass weight (+5.8 and +1.6 kg, respectively) were increased by pST and CSH. Back fat was decreased by both pST and CSH (–1.7 and 1.0 mm, respectively). Total dissectible tissue was increased by pST (+9.1%, P < 0.001) and CSH (+3.3%, P < 0.05). In pigs treated with pST, the increased tissue was primarily as lean (+11.1%, P < 0.008) and bone (+17.8%, P = 0.017), whereas an accumulation of non significant increases in lean, rind and bone was responsible for the increased dissectible tissue in the carcass of pigs supplemented with CSH. In conclusion, dietary CSH increased daily gain and carcass weight and decreased FCR and P2 backfat, with responses being most pronounced over the first 2 weeks of dietary supplementation and not as great as those caused by exogenous pST treatment.

scholarly journals Genetische Analyse des individuellen Wachstums- und Futteraufnahmeverlaufs von Jungebern während der Eigenleistungsgruppenprüfung

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-156
Author(s):  
V. Schulze ◽  
R. Röhe ◽  
H. Looft ◽  
E. Kalm
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Fattening Performance ◽  
Food Conversion Ratio ◽  
Genetische Analyse ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract. Title of the paper: Genetic analysis of the course of individual growth and feed intake of group-penned Performance tested boars Objective of the study was to analyse the course of feed intake and growth of 661 boars of three lines (259, 208, and 194 animals of lines 3, 4, and 8, respectively) during an age dependent Performance test between the 100th and 170th day of age. Individual feed intake of the group-penned animals was recorded by electronic feeding stations during the first, third, fifth, seventh, and ninth week on test. Additionally, each animal was weighted in biweekly intervalls. A second order polynomial and a third order polynomial were individually fitted on feed intake and live weight. From these curves, individual information about daily feed intake, daily gain, and food conversion ratio were derived for five periods of 12 days and for the entire period. Genetic parameters were estimated simultaneously using a multiple trait animal model. Heritabilities of h2 = .50, .55, .40, and .39 for traits of entire test period were found for backfat thickness, daily gain, daily feed intake, and food conversion ratio, respectively. Estimated heritabilities for each test period from one to five were h2 = .50, .56, .54, .50, and .37 for daily gain, h2 = .18, .43, .46, .45, and .38 for daily feed intake, and h2 = .34, .42, .46, .44, and .39 for food conversion. The genetic correlation between daily gain and food conversion in period one (rg = −.84) was significantly different from correlations between these traits in the following periods (rg = −.32 to −.51). Genetic correlations between daily gain and daily feed intake in each period were rg = .56 to .42 from first to last period. Except of first period (rg = −.11), the genetic associations between food conversion and daily feed intake for periods were similar (rg = .52 to .56). The genetic associations indicate, that a high feed intake in the beginning of the fattening period is desirable, while afterwards a more reduced feed intake should be achieved to improve efficiency of fattening Performance. In order to optimise fattening Performance, the use of part test information from growth rate and feed intake is necessary.

Growth performance and carcass characteristics of two genotypes of growing-finishing pig in three different housing systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Guy ◽  
P. Rowlinson ◽  
J. P. Chadwick ◽  
M. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Food Conversion Ratio ◽  
Genotype 2

AbstractA trial was conducted to compare the growth performance and carcass characteristics of 720 growing pigs housed in one of three different finishing systems: outdoor paddocks, straw yards and fully slatted pens. Two genotypes were used: ‘indoor’ (progeny of Large White ✕ Landrace sows mated to Large White boars) or ‘outdoor’ (progeny of part-Duroc or part-Meishan sows, mated to Large White boars). Groups of 20 pigs were reared from an average of 30 to 80 kg live weight and given ad libitum access to a commercial specification diet. The outdoor genotypes had significantly lower average daily gain than the indoor genotype (682, 673 and 719 g respectively for part-Duroc, part-Meishan and indoor-type pigs, P 0·01). Part-Meishan genotypes had significantly higher backfat levels than the indoor genotype (P 0·05), with an intermediate value for part-Duroc pigs (22·6, 21·1 and 21·8 mm respectively). Values for food conversion ratio were significantly higher for combined outdoor genotype groups when compared with the indoor genotype (2·76 v. jt>2·62, P 0·05). Average daily gains of pigs in straw yards and outdoor paddocks were significantly higher than for those in fully slatted pens (736 and 675 v. 627 g, P 0·01 respectively). Food conversion ratio was similar for pigs in outdoor paddocks and fully slatted pens, but significantly lower for those in straw yards (2·77 and 2·75 v. 2·55, P 0·01 respectively). Backfat depth (P1 + P3mm) was significantly greater for animals finished in straw yards compared to those in outdoor paddocks (22·2 v. 20·6 mm, P 0·05) and intermediate for those finished in fully slatted pens (21·5 mm). Interaction between finishing system and genotype did not occur to any major degree, hence it appears unnecessary to specify a particular genotype for a particular finishing system. It was concluded that pigs of the outdoor genotype had a lower growth performance compared with the indoor genotype. Finishing systems however may have been confounded by other factors so that no clear recommendations can be made as to the optimum finishing system.

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