THE ROMA TO BRISBANE PIPELINE — MEETING AN EXPANDING MARKET

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
P.A. Elkington
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Capacity Expansion ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Peak Shaving ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
Over Time

The 440 km Roma to Brisbane gas pipeline has provided a reliable supply of natural gas to Brisbane since March 1969. In those 18 years it has carried approximately 4.8 billion m8 of gas from fields in the Roma and Surat regions.Initially installed as a free-flow 10 inch gas pipeline, the system has been considerably upgraded over time. As market demand in Brisbane has increased, Associated Pipelines Limited (APL) has met this demand by gradually increasing compression along the pipeline. An outline of the approach to compression, its installation and impact on deliverability as well as the operating philosophy is discussed.The gas pipeline has six mainline compressors installed and the capacity of the original pipeline has almost doubled to approximately 65 TJ/D. The sixth compressor was planned to be the final stage of APL's pipeline capacity expansion via compression.The alternatives available to increase capacity in the future are also examined. These alternatives include peak shaving, higher degrees of compression, looping and a new pipeline. The advantages and disadvantages of each alternative are outlined. Looping is the most practical alternative. The factors involved in selecting a looping program which can be tailored to meet market demand, are discussed.

scholarly journals Analysis and Design of Interruptible Gas Contract in China under Energy Market Reform

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 506
Author(s):  
Jian Chai ◽  
Liqiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Option Price ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Peak Shaving ◽  
Pipeline Network ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline

Under the background of economic development, energy security and environmental demands, the development of clean and low-carbon energy has promoted natural gas and non-fossil energy to become the main direction of world energy development. China’s natural gas consumer market has wide seasonal peaks and valleys. Because China’s natural gas peak shaving practices have some problems, we concluded that interruptible gas management has become a viable short-term emergency peak shaving method for natural gas systems in the transition period. In this paper, we take Shaanxi Province as an example. From the perspective of option pricing, this paper explains the method of using interruptible gas management to deal with the short-term supply and demand imbalance of natural gas. Therefore, we propose an interruptible gas contract trading mode, discuss the content of the interruptible gas contract and the relevant market organization form, and try to use the Black–Scholes model to calculate the option price of the interruptible gas contract. Finally, based on the price of interruptible gas and the option price of the interruptible gas contract to meet the maximum capacity shortage constraint, a provincial natural gas pipeline network company’s optimal purchase model for the interruptible gas was established, and the model was solved using the dynamic queuing method. The results show that the interruptible gas contract can not only reduce the market risk of the provincial natural gas pipeline network company and maintain the stable operation of the gas pipeline, but also reduce the cost of the interruptible users and make up for gas shortage losses.

scholarly journals Natural Gas Liquids Extraction Rights in Alberta: An Evolving Landscape

2010 ◽  
pp. 347-386
Author(s):  
Dave Guichon ◽  
Bernette Ho ◽  
Robert Froehlich
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
The Future ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
The Common ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Over Time

Alberta’s natural gas liquids (NGLs) industry commenced development in the 1960s and, with the support of the Alberta government, expanded rapidly in the subsequent decades. Over time each of the major natural gas transmission systems in Alberta developed its own protocol in respect of NGL extraction entitlement and procedures. In the case of the NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. (NGTL) pipeline system, such a protocol was developed by way of convention, and has never been formalized in the NGTL tariff. On several occasions the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board (EUB), and its predecessors, examined the issue of NGL ownership and associated extraction, but significant issues remained. In 2007, the EUB undertook an inquiry regarding matters relating to NGL ownership and extraction from the common stream of natural gas that flows through EUB regulated transmission systems and facilities. The EUB’s decision in this respect was released in February 2009. This article provides background information on the NGL extraction industry, outlines the regulatory history relating to NGL ownership and extraction, reviews the decision released by the EUB following the inquiry, considers related jurisdictional questions raised while the inquiry was ongoing, and considers the future of NGL ownership and extraction rights within the province of Alberta.

A Systematic Methodology to Assess Hydraulic Reliability and Gas Supply Reliability of the Natural Gas Pipeline Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weichao Yu ◽  
Jing Gong ◽  
Weihe Huang ◽  
Hongfei Liu ◽  
Fuhua Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristic ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Pipeline Network ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Gas Supply ◽  
Hydraulic Reliability ◽  
Supply Reliability

Abstract Reliability of the natural gas pipeline network is related to security of gas supply directly. According to the different required functions of the natural gas pipeline network, its reliability is divided into three aspects, namely mechanical reliability, hydraulic reliability, and gas supply reliability. However, most of the previous studies confused the definitions of the hydraulic reliability and gas supply reliability. Moreover, the uncertainty in the process of supplying natural gas to the targeted market and the hydraulic characteristic of the natural gas pipeline network are often ignored. Therefore, a methodology to assess hydraulic reliability and gas supply reliability of the natural gas pipeline network is developed in the study, and the uncertainty and hydraulic characteristic of the natural gas pipeline network are both considered. The methodology consists of four parts: establishment of the indicator system, calculation of the gas supply, prediction of the market demand, and assessment of the hydraulic reliability and gas supply reliability. Moreover, a case study is applied to confirm the feasibility of the methodology, and the reliability evaluation results provide a comprehensive picture about the abilities of the natural gas pipeline network to perform the specified gas supply function and satisfy consumers' demand, respectively. Furthermore, a comparison between these two types of reliability is presented. The results indicate that the natural gas pipeline network may not be able to meet the market demand even if the system completes the required gas supply tasks due to the impact of the market demand uncertainty.

Traceability of Marine LNG Bunkering Measurements

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kegel ◽  
William Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Peak Shaving ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Liquefaction Plant ◽  
Over Time

Industrial use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) has a surprisingly long history. The first practical refrigeration system was built in 1873; the first commercial liquefaction plant was built in 1917. Over time two applications have been developed that are relevant to the current paper. The first involves storage of LNG to handle peak demand in pipeline systems, the process is identified as “peak shaving”. A second application is the transport of hydrocarbon fuel where gas pipelines are unavailable. Paper published with permission.

A Methodology to Assess the Gas Supply Capacity and Gas Supply Reliability of a Natural Gas Pipeline Network System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weichao Yu ◽  
Kai Wen ◽  
Yichen Li ◽  
Weihe Huang ◽  
Jing Gong
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Network System ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Pipeline Network ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Supply Capacity ◽  
Gas Supply ◽  
Supply Reliability

Natural gas pipeline network system is a critical infrastructure connecting gas resource and market, which is composed with the transmission pipeline system, underground gas storage (UGS) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal demand. A methodology to assess the gas supply capacity and gas supply reliability of a natural gas pipeline network system is developed in this paper. Due to random failure and maintenance action of the components in the pipeline network system, the system can be in a number of operating states. The methodology is able to simulate the state transition process and the duration of each operating state based on a Monte Carlo approach. After the system transits to other states, the actual flow rate will change accordingly. The hydraulic analysis, which includes thermal-hydraulic simulation and maximum flow algorithm, is applied to analyze the change law of the actual flow rate. By combining the hydraulic analysis into the simulation of the state transition process, gas supply capacity of the pipeline network system is quantified. Furthermore, considering the uncertainty of market demand, the load duration curve (LDC) method is employed to predict the amount of demand for each consumer node. The gas supply reliability is then calculated by comparing the gas supply capacity with market demand. Finally, a detailed procedure for gas supply capacity and gas supply reliability assessment of a natural gas pipeline network system is presented, and its feasibility is confirmed with a case study. In the case study, the impact of market demand uncertainty on gas supply reliability is investigated in detail.

Discussion on Leakage Detecting Techniques for Natural Gas Pipeline

2014 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 886-890
Author(s):  
Zhen Shi ◽  
Jian Jun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Leakage Detection ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Safety Warning ◽  
Indirect Losses ◽  
Measuring Tool

Natural gas pipeline leakage will directly threaten the safety of pipeline facilities as well as people's life and property, thus causing larger malignant accident or indirect losses. Therefore, timely and accurately found natural gas pipeline leakage, leakage position and leakage measuring tool have great significances. This paper summarizes all kinds of technical methods of natural gas pipeline leakage detection and safety warning, discusses the basic principle, scope, technical maturity, the advantages and disadvantages.

A Gas Turbine Innovative System for Managing Fuel With Different and Variable-Over-Time Wobbe Indexes

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Forte ◽  
Antonio Asti ◽  
Simone Bei ◽  
Massimo Betti ◽  
Michele D’Ercole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Innovative System ◽  
Wobbe Index ◽  
Over Time

Due to the substantial increase in sources of gas, natural gas interchangeability is a key subject in the industry today. The extensive pipeline network means that natural gas arriving at appliances, boilers, burners and power plant turbines could come from anywhere. Fuel compositions vary from one source to another. Moreover, most recently, Liquefied Natural Gas has emerged as a major source and the composition of gas derived from LNG substantially differs from the natural gas one. In Dry Low NOx (DLN) systems, those changes in fuel composition can cause dangerous increase in combustion dynamics and can also affect the NOx emissions of the machine. Therefore, in order to meet the growing market demand for gas turbine combustors able to tolerate significant alterations in fuel composition, a system capable of burning gases with differing and variable over time Wobbe Indexes was developed. This innovative system does not involve any combustion hardware modifications. It allows the use of a premixed combustion system that complies with emissions, reliability, and safety, even when burning a fuel that is distinctly different from the original design gas. In particular, the system was developed in order to meet the requirements of a customer for burning any continuously and slowly varying mixture of two fuel gases, whose Wobbe Indexes difference is up to 25%. Since the burner is designed for 100% of the gas with lower Wobbe Index, the gas that has a higher WI needs to be heated, in order to achieve a target Modified Wobbe Index; the same happens for any mixture of the two gases. The system is based on a closed loop control on the Modified Wobbe Index of the fuel. Two turbine control gas chromatographs, located upstream the combustor inlet, measure the gas characteristics (LHV, specific gravity and temperature) and calculates the MWI. If it is different from the target one, it is corrected by modifying the temperature set point of a heat exchanger. The hardware is completed with one more plant gas chromatograph, located upstream the heat exchanger, for evaluating the fast and complete switch from one gas to the other one. In addition to the normal operation, that is with the 100% Lower Wobbe Index gas (L) or 100% Higher Wobbe Index gas (H) or any continuously and slowly varying mixture of these two gases, the system allows both the black and the normal start, the complete switch back and forth between 100% L gas and 100% H gas and load sheds and rejection. Moreover the two gases can be burned in diffusion combustion mode, as available, without requiring any increase in temperature, with no limitation from firing to full load. The capability of the system to adjust to all of the previously described events, potentially dangerous and damaging for the Gas Turbine combustion system, makes it suitable for applications that burn different lots of gases coming from different LNG sources, since it allows the turbine to accommodate the differences in Wobbe Index, due to various gas lots on a pipe line.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Natural Gas Pipeline Interconnections

2021 ◽  
Vol 343 ◽  
pp. 09005
Author(s):  
Ion Foidaş ◽  
Florin Marius Bîrsan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
The Other ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Special Working ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

The paper shows a comparison between two intervention methods for interconnecting two gas transmission pipelines within a natural gas transmission system. One intervention implies shutdown of pipelines, while the other one in-service pipelines. Each method is described in detail along with the main technological issues, as well as the related advantages and disadvantages. The technological procedures imply special working techniques such as welding or hot tapping in service pipelines.

scholarly journals Application of New Energy Natural Gas in Ship Engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Zhennan Yang ◽  
Liqun Pei ◽  
Jinsheng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Ship Engineering

<p>Traditional ships are mainly fueled by diesel or gasoline, which are produced from the oil and are non-renewable. People are now rapidly consuming oil and burning oil generates poisonous gases day and night. Because of the soaring oil prices and the deteriorating ecology, many ship-owners are seeking an alternative energy to replace oil. Among all possible candidates, the calling of natural gas is getting higher and higher. This paper discusses the application of natural gas in ship engineering, and explains in detail the advantages and disadvantages. Natural gas may not be a new energy but has rarely been used in ship engineering so far. We conclude that its application in ship engineering helps to alleviate the fuel shortage in the future. </p>

Can trust become a factor of economic growth? Dynamic changes in the level of trust of Russian youth

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Bakhtigaraeva ◽  
A. A. Stavinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Generalized Trust ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
Analysis Of Dynamics

The article considers the role of trust in the economy, the mechanisms of its accumulation and the possibility of using it as one of the growth factors in the future. The advantages and disadvantages of measuring the level of generalized trust using two alternative questions — about trusting people in general and trusting strangers — are analyzed. The results of the analysis of dynamics of the level of generalized trust among Russian youth, obtained within the study of the Institute for National Projects in 10 regions of Russia, are presented. It is shown that there are no significant changes in trust in people in general during the study at university. At the same time, the level of trust in strangers falls, which can negatively affect the level of trust in the country as a whole, and as a result have negative effects on the development of the economy in the future. Possible causes of the observed trends and the role of universities are discussed. Also the question about the connection between the level of education and generalized trust in countries with different quality of the institutional environment is raised.

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