FUTURE FINANCING AND OWNERSHIP OF THE AUSTRALIAN PETROLEUM EXPLORATION INDUSTRY

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
A. E. Ranson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
The Other ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The World ◽  
Cumulative Deficit ◽  
Industrialised Countries

The cumulative deficit between Australia's petroleum requirements of the 30 years to the end of the century and projected domestic production has been estimated at 14.25 billion barrels.Oil exploration in Australia to 31 December 1971 cost $725 million and resulted in the discovery of 2.1 billion barrels of oil and 14.1 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. If this expenditure to discovery ratio is maintained we will need to spend a further $3,485 million on exploration to maintain only 70% self sufficiency in crude supplies.The alternatives to supplying a high proportion of demand from local production are frightening. The foreign exchange required to purchase the presently projected shortfall in 1984/85 at what we consider will be conservative prices is almost half Australia's record foreign exchange holdings at 30 June 1972. Further, by that time we will be competing with the other industrialised countries of the world for an increasingly scarce commodity.The major means of encouraging the expenditure of exploration moneys is to create a climate in which successful explorers are adequately rewarded. The unique position of indigenous crude prices must be corrected and gas sales encouraged. To maintain a meaningful Australian interest in the future finds local investors must be given suitable incentives to risk the necessary exploration funds.

Factors Affecting the Development of Academic Law Libraries in Nigeria

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-160
Author(s):  
I.E. Aguolu
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Typical History ◽  
History Of

This study highlights some factors that have influenced the development of academic law libraries in Nigeria. Inadequacy of local production of legal texts, exorbitant cost of the available texts, and scarcity of foreign exchange, were identified as major constraints. On the other hand, factors which have promoted the development of academic law libraries in Nigeria include the existence and use of published standards for law libraries, accreditation requirement for law faculties, book gifts and loans. Moreover, Nigeria's typical history of political instability and proliferation of states has paradoxically not been a hindrance but a catalyst for the emergence of numerous social and educational institutions including universities and academic law libraries.

scholarly journals Młodzież i młodzi dorośli wobec kryzysu indywidualnego – potrzeba wsparcia społecznego w rozwoju psychicznej niezależności (i dojrzałej tożsamości)

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-248
Author(s):  
Jolanta Suchodolska
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The World ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
The One

The study refers to the problem of the presence of the crisis in psychosocial development of young people – adolescents and young adults. Both the youth and young adults go through numerous, naturally present in human development, moments of increased tension resulting from the appetite for independence and self-sufficiency. This seems to be a common feature for both groups; both adolescents and young adults experience the burden due to overlapping obligations and commitments made to oneself and to the world and which comes from the specific social roles they assume as well as the development – related tasks they perform. The challenges are taken up to find self-fulfillment in numerous new roles, to achieve ambitions of everyday life as well as the future ones. Not surprisingly, in this period a man is believed to be, on the one hand, exposed to the experience of crisis (relating to the search for oneself and one’s own place in life, in social relationships and professional life) and, on the other hand, a young adult most intensely makes its network of social support for further years. In the study, the author refers to the research in which young adults confirm the presence of the crises in their lives. They identify and name these crisis situations and formulate their expectations of the sources and forms of support in the crisis.

scholarly journals PEMETAAN POTENSI WISATA HALAL DI KABUPATEN SUMENEP, JAWA TIMUR, INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredy Kurniawan ◽  
Adi Soeprijanto ◽  
Harus Laksana Guntur ◽  
Mahendra Wardhana ◽  
Imam Abadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Religious Culture ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
The World ◽  
Beach Tourism ◽  
Tourism Potential

Tourism activities are one thing for supporting regions and the country's economic development, through foreign exchange, tax revenues, and other levies. Tourism activities in one area can increase employment, accelerate the construction of facilities and infrastructure. Tourism also be able to introduce the local production goods for local and foreign tourists. Recently, the Muslim community is the largest community in the world and Indonesia is one of the countries with the most Muslim population. Seeing this opportunity, the Indonesian government in 2012 began for introducing halal tourism in Indonesia. Sumenep, East Java, Indonesia has a variety of tourism potential that can be developed into halal tourism. This study has been mapped all potential for halal tourism in Sumenep, East Java, Indonesia. The potential of halal tourism in Sumenep which has been successfully mapped includes object of food, beach tourism, traditional weapon (keris) tours, centers of batik Sumenep, religious tours, historical tours and natural tours. Hotel and hostelry was also available so that the tourist can plan their vacation in the desire time. Transportation between tourist attractions can also be accessed easily. All tourism objects are includes the criteria of Halal tourism. It can be summarized as Sumenep Halal tour package. This potential was also supported by the religious culture of Sumenep people. This mapping will make it easier for Muslim tourists in particular to access halal tourism in Sumenep, East Java, Indonesia.

scholarly journals Demographic Evolution of Pakistanis in America

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Arif Ghayur
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Total Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The World ◽  
Pakistani Origin ◽  
Head Count ◽  
Demographic Evolution

According to the last head count in 1981 the total population ofPakistan was 83.782 millions. In addition, “there are two millionoverseas Pakistanis, more than one million left behind families and halfa million returnee migrants.” Let us assume that out of the 1.5 millionPakistanis who are working abroad at agiven time, 33.3 percent have anaverage of three dependents with them overseas. This brings the totalnumber of persons of Pakistani origin and their offspring abroad tothree million.It is estimated that over two-thirds of the working Pakistanis abroadare in the Middle East, especially Saudi Arabia, UAE, Libya, Kuwaitand Iraq. The rest of the total are working all over the world. After theMiddle East, their largest concentration points are England, the U.S.A.,Canada and Germany. Among the other countries with relativelysmaller-but significant numbers-of persons of Pakistani origin areBahrain, Oman, Qatar, Denmark, Singapore, Nigeria, Kenya, HongKong and Malaysia.Today Pakistan is one of the leading countries in exporting itsmanpower to the rest of the world. It is not an exaggeration of facts to saythat the foreign exchange sent home by the overseas Pakistanis iskeeping Pakistan afloat economically in these uncertain times. In 1983,close to three billion dollars were sent by overseas Pakistanis to theircountry. This is, again, one of the largest amounts sent by workers ...

scholarly journals About Relations between Natural Gas and Oil in Connection with Forecast of Their Reserves in Azerbaijan

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-296
Author(s):  
A. A. Feizullaev
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Ratio Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Deepwater Part ◽  
Deep Water Part

Azerbaijan is one of the oldest oil and gas provinces, where more than 2 bln tons of oil have been extracted over more than a century. At present, the oil production is declining and mainly determined by production from the Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli offshore block (AChG). Compared to oil, the opportunities for further growing natural gas reserves and production are very promising. For the latest years, a number of large gas condensate fields have been discovered in the deep-water part of South Caspian Sea, such as Shakh-Deniz, Apsheron, Umid. There are a number of prospects that have not yet been drilled in this part of the sea basin. The paper assesses their prospectivity, substantiates the priority exploration targets and, on the basis of the statistical analysis of the quantitative gas/oil ratio data for many other Azerbaijanian and world basins, an attempt is made to assess the reserves in the prospects. The total recoverable oil reserves in Azerbaijan are estimated at 3.5 bln tons, of which slightly above 2 bln tons have already been extracted. Based on the statistically estimated ratio between the volumes of gas and oil in various basins of the world, including Azerbaijan, the total possible natural gas reserves in Azerbaijan are estimated at about 4 trillion m3 . This is in agreement with the other available estimates. Of this volume of natural gas, 0.85 trillion m3 has already been extracted, and the approved geological reserves are estimated at 2.55 trillion m3 . Almost 83% of the extracted natural gas belonged to offshore fields. This trend will continue in the future, and, moreover, will be strengthened due to large volumes of gas condensate accumulations in the deepwater part of the basin. In this part of the basin, the most attractive prospects are Mashal, Shafag, and Israfil Huseynov, total reserves of which are expected at 0.6 trillion m3 of natural gas.

scholarly journals Shanghai Modern: Replaying Futures Past

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin O´Connor
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
The World ◽  
The City ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

This article discusses different accounts of Shanghai Modern, the period between 1920s and 1940s in which the city occupied a unique position within China and the world. It places discussions of this period in the context of the resurgence of urban led modernization in China, led by Shanghai. It looks in particular at Leo Ou-Fan Lee’s attempt to link the cosmopolitanism of Shanghai modern with prospects for this new post-reform China. I then discuss Ackbas Abbas’ response to this book and use this as a way of reflecting on the progress of Shanghai urban development and its divergence/ convergence with similar processes in the West. The article then looks at the other significant moment of the Cultural Revolution as a way of opening up discussions of Chinese and Shanghainese modernity beyond that of simply an absorption into Western capitalist modernity. It concludes by briefly introducing this volume.

Actual Problems of Economic Policy

2003 ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Exchange Policy ◽  
Effective Integration

At present Russia faces the task of great importance - effective integration into the world economy. The success of this process largely depends on the strength of the domestic economy and stable economic growth. To attain such a goal certain changes in economic approaches are required which imply more active, focused and concerted steps in the monetary, fiscal and foreign exchange policy.

Indonesian Literature’s Position in World Literature

TEKNOSASTIK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dina Amelia
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Western World ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Voice

There are two most inevitable issues on national literature, in this case Indonesian literature. First is the translation and the second is the standard of world literature. Can one speak for the other as a representative? Why is this representation matter? Does translation embody the voice of the represented? Without translation Indonesian literature cannot gain its recognition in world literature, yet, translation conveys the voice of other. In the case of production, publication, or distribution of Indonesian Literature to the world, translation works can be very beneficial. The position of Indonesian literature is as a part of world literature. The concept that the Western world should be the one who represent the subaltern can be overcome as long as the subaltern performs as the active speaker. If the subaltern remains silent then it means it allows the “representation” by the Western.

Experiment role in the world music (based on the «The Road» album of the Ukrainian «Dakha Brakha» band)

2018 ◽  
pp. 215-227
Author(s):  
Iia Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
World Music ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Music ◽  
Musical Practice ◽  
The Road ◽  
Music Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
Binary Oppositions ◽  
Musical Practices

The main objective of this study is the substantiation of experiment as one of the key features of the world music in Ukraine. Based on the creative works of the brightest world music representatives in Ukraine, «Dakha Brakha» band, the experiment is regarded as a kind of creative setting. Methodology and scientific approaches. The methodology was based on the music practice theory by T. Cherednychenko. The author distinguishes four binary oppositions, which can describe the musical practice. According to one of these oppositions («observance of the canon or violation of the canon»), the musical practices, to which the Ukrainian musicology usually classifies the world music («folk music» and «minstrel music»), are compared with the creative work of «Dakha Brakha» band. Study findings. A lack of the setting to experiment in the musical practices of the «folk music» and «minstrel music» separates the world music musical practice from them. Therefore, the world music is a separate type of musical practice in which the experiment is crucial. The study analyzed several scientific articles of Ukrainian musicologists on the world music; examined the history of the Ukrainian «Dakha Brakha» band; presented a list of the folk songs used in the fifth album «The Road» by «Dakha Brakha» band; and showed the degree of the source transformation by musicians based on the example of the «Monk» song. The study findings can be used to form a comprehensive understanding of the world music musical practice. The further studies may be related to clarification of the other parameters of the world music musical practice, and to determination of the experiment role in creative works of the other world music representatives, both Ukrainian and foreign. The practical study value is the ability to use its key provisions in the course of modern music in higher artistic schools of Ukraine. Originality / value. So far, the Ukrainian musicology did not consider the experiment role as the key one in the world music.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document