Introduction and management of vetch/barley forage mixtures in the rainfed areas of Pakistan. 3. Residual effects on following cereal crops

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Qamar ◽  
J. D. H. Keatinge ◽  
Noor Mohammad (dec.) ◽  
Asghar Ali ◽  
M. Ajmal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Barley Seed ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
N Content ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Forage Mixtures

The residual effects of winter-sown forage mixtures grown in the northern rainfed parts of Punjab province and south-eastern North West Frontier Province in Pakistan were examined. Studies were carried out during 1994–97 primarily at the National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, which has an annual rainfall of around 1000 mm and, secondarily, at a much drier site at the Arid Zone Research Centre (AZRC) at Quetta. Common vetch (V), barley (B), and their mixtures at seed ratios of V75B25, V50B50, and V25B75 were sown and 3 harvest time treatments (pre-flowering, full flowering, and maturity) were imposed. Sorghum, and then wheat, were grown as succeeding crops to monitor the residual effects of the introduction and management of legume forage mixtures. Significant residual effects on the dry matter production and nitrogen (N) content of sorghum (P < 0·01) were observed at both NARC and AZRC following different vetch/barley seed ratio treatments. Sorghum dry matter yield after pure vetch and after the mixture ratio treatment of V75B25 was higher (4·5 t/ha) than after other mixtures and it was lowest after sole barley (2·5 t/ha). The N taken up by the sorghum after pure vetch amounted to 56 kg/ha and after pure barley was 25 kg/ha. Nitrogen yield from the sorghum decreased with increasing amount of barley in the mixture. There were no apparent effects of the previous harvest time treatments imposed on the forages. Differences in dry matter production and N content in wheat following sorghum at NARC were just detectable after different vetch/barley seed ratios. The greatest amount of dry matter (>4 t/ha) with an N content of 29 kg/ha was found following pure vetch and sorghum and the lowest dry matter (3·4 t/ha) and N (23 kg/ha) following pure barley and sorghum. At AZRC, the same trends in sorghum were observed as at NARC but with reduced yields due to the substantially lower and less well distributed rainfall and suboptimal temperatures, which restricted the productivity of the initial crops in the sequence.

scholarly journals Total dry matter production of potato, mungbean and t. aman rice as influenced by nutrient management of potato-mungbean-t. aman rice cropping pattern

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAHS Jahan ◽  
MAR Sarkar ◽  
M Salim ◽  
N Islam ◽  
TP Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Ground Part

A field experiment was conducted at the Regional Wheat Research Centre (RWRC) of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh for 2 consecutive years during 2006-07 and 2007-08 with the objective to find out the optimum nutrient management practice on total dry matter production (above ground part) of each component crop of potatomungbean- t. aman rice cropping pattern. Twelve nutrient management treatments were tested in RCBD with 3 replications. Treatments were, T1=HYG (0-198-44-194-24-6-1.2), T2=MYG (0-140-34-138-18-4.5-0.9), T3=IPNS (10000-168-38-170-18-6-1.2), T4=STB (0-171-40-164-22-5-1), T5=FP (0-97-16- 91-0-0-0), T6=CON (0-0-0-0-0-0-0), T7=HYG+CRI, T8=MYG+CRI, T9=IPNS+CRI, T10=STB+CRI, T11=FP+CRI, T12=CON+CRI kg/ha CDNPKSZnB, for potato; T1=HYG (0-24-40-48-24-3-1.2), T2=MYG (0-20-36- 40-20-2-1), T3=IPNS (5000-9-37-36-21-3-1.2), T4=STB (0-20-36-40-22-2-1), T5=FP (0-6-5-4-0-0-0), T6=CON (0-0-0-0-0-0-0), T7=HYG+CRI , T8=MYG+CRI, T9=IPNS+CRI, T10=STB+CRI, T11=FP+CRI, T12=CON+CRI kg/ha CDNPKSZnB for mungbean and T1=HYG (0-80-16-44-12-2-0), T2=MYG (0-56-12-32-8-1.5-0), T3=IPNS (5000-65-13-32-9-2-0), T4=STB (0- 68-15-37-11-2-0), T5=FP (0-39-37-12-0-0-0), T6=CON(0-0-0-0-0-0- 0),T7=HYG+CRI, T8=MYG+CRI, T9=IPNS+CRI, T10=STB+CRI,T11=FP+CRI, T12=CON+CRI kg/ha CDNPKSZnB for t. aman rice. HYG treatment without or with crop residues incorporation produced the highest TDM in potato, mungbean and t. aman rice followed by IPNS and STB along with or without CRI. The lowest TDM was recorded in control plot without CRI. The increasing trend of TDM was observed in the crop residues incorporation plots than nonincorporation plots. It was observed that there were significant and positive linear relationship between TDM and yield of potao, mungbean, and t. aman rice at 60 DAP, 60 DAS, and 90 DAT, respectively, in both the years. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i2.20416 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(2): 211-225, June 2014

scholarly journals A COMPARISON OF 'GRASSLANDS PITAU' AND 'HUIA' WHITE CLOVERS IN OTAGO

1972 ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
I.R. Mcdonald ◽  
N.A. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Lower Fertility

Pitau and Huia white clovers were sown with two rates of Ruanui, Ariki and Manawa ryegrass on high fertility soil at Invermay Agricultural Research Centre and lower fertility soil at Traquair. Although clover establishment in the Pitau white clover treatments was comparable with, or superior to that in the Huia treatments, the latter tended to have a denser growth habit, particularly during spring. Overall, there was little difference in total annual dry matter production between treatments but clover yields varied considerably in all trials. Huia clover dry matter production was superior to Pitau in the first two years but in later years the position was reversed.

scholarly journals Optical crop sensor for variable-rate nitrogen fertilization in corn: i - plant nutrition and dry matter production

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1288-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jardes Bragagnolo ◽  
Telmo Jorge Carneiro Amado ◽  
Rodrigo da Silveira Nicoloso ◽  
Joerg Jasper ◽  
Junior Kunz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
N Content ◽  
Matter Production

Variable-rate nitrogen fertilization (VRF) based on optical spectrometry sensors of crops is a technological innovation capable of improving the nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and mitigate environmental impacts. However, studies addressing fertilization based on crop sensors are still scarce in Brazilian agriculture. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of an optical crop sensor to assess the nutritional status of corn and compare VRF with the standard strategy of traditional single-rate N fertilization (TSF) used by farmers. With this purpose, three experiments were conducted at different locations in Southern Brazil, in the growing seasons 2008/09 and 2010/11. The following crop properties were evaluated: above-ground dry matter production, nitrogen (N) content, N uptake, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) reading, and a vegetation index measured by the optical sensor N-Sensor® ALS. The plants were evaluated in the stages V4, V6, V8, V10, V12 and at corn flowering. The experiments had a completely randomized design at three different sites that were analyzed separately. The vegetation index was directly related to above-ground dry matter production (R² = 0.91; p<0.0001), total N uptake (R² = 0.87; p<0.0001) and SPAD reading (R² = 0.63; p<0.0001) and inversely related to plant N content (R² = 0.53; p<0.0001). The efficiency of VRF for plant nutrition was influenced by the specific climatic conditions of each site. Therefore, the efficiency of the VRF strategy was similar to that of the standard farmer fertilizer strategy at sites 1 and 2. However, at site 3 where the climatic conditions were favorable for corn growth, the use of optical sensors to determine VRF resulted in a 12 % increase in N plant uptake in relation to the standard fertilization, indicating the potential of this technology to improve NUE.

Introduction and management of vetch/barley forage mixtures in the rainfed areas of Pakistan. 1. Forage yield

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Qamar ◽  
J. D. H. Keatinge ◽  
Noor Mohammad (dec.) ◽  
Asghar Ali ◽  
M. Ajmal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Forage Mixtures

To investigate the introduction of vetch/barley forage mixtures with a range of harvesting treatments in the winter season of Mediterranean-type environments, studies were carried out during 1994–97 at the National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, which has an annual rainfall of around 1000 mm, and at a much drier site at the Arid Zone Research Centre (AZRC) at Quetta in Pakistan, which has an annual rainfall of around (223 mm). Common vetch (V), barley (B), and their mixtures at seed ratios of V75B25, V50B50, and V25B75 were sown and 3 harvest time treatments (pre-flowering, full flowering, and maturity) were imposed. At NARC, there were significant differences (P < 0·01) in dry matter production between crop mixture ratios and between different harvest times. Mixtures of vetch and barley were generally more productive than any of the sole crops, with the yield of the best mixture V75B25 (7·6 t/ha) being almost twice as productive as sole vetch. Productivity at the full flowering stage was lower (5·3 t/ha) than that recorded at maturity (7·0 t/ha) and for the dual-cut pre-flowering harvest treatment (6·2 t/ha). At AZRC, the same trends as at NARC were observed but with lower yields because of the substantially lower and less well distributed rainfall and suboptimal temperatures. The highest dry matter was obtained with the treatment V75B25 (3·3 t/ha), which was approximately 50% higher in yield than sole vetch or sole barley (around 2 t/ha). Dry matter was highest at the maturity stage (3·2 t/ha) and lowest at the flowering stage (2·3 t/ha), except in the sole vetch crop which was lowest in yield at the pre-flowering stage (2·7 t/ha), implying a minor interaction between seed mixture and harvesting stage.

scholarly journals Optimization of the Dry Matter Production Based on the Percentage Participation of Italian Ryegrass in Mixtures with Crimson Clover

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin MARIAN ◽  
Alexandru MOISUC ◽  
Luminita Cojocariu ◽  
Dacian LALESCU ◽  
Nicolae HORABLAGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Adaptation Capacity ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Forage Mixtures

Annual forage mixtures are forage crops consisting of forage grasses (e.g. Italian ryegrass etc.) and annual clovers (e.g. Berseem clover, Crimson clover etc.) or mixtures of spring or autumn vetch with grain cereal (e.g. oats, barley, etc.) that are known as spring or autumn mash. The goal of this paper is to find the functional dependency of the average dry matter production of the Italian ryegrass (in the 67th phenophase) and Crimson clover mixture based on their different percentage participation in order to obtain the technical optimum in two variant of fertilization (N0P0K0 and N100P50K50). For this, we studied Italian ryegrass (I.r.) and Crimson clover (C.c.), both in pure and mixed culture, in the following proportions: I.r.75%+C.c.25%, I.r.50%+C.c.50%, I.r.25%+C.c.75%. In this paper we take in consideration the average dry matter production obtained in the experimental years 2007 – 2011 that allow us to have a few conclusions on the Italian ryegrass production capacity but also about the adaptation capacity of Crimson clover in Banat plain conditions. Results show that in the fertilized variant, there is an increasing of the percentage participation of Italian ryegrass in mixtures for which the maximum of dry matter production is realized than in the case of unfertilized variant, which shows that Italian ryegrass has a better response to chemical fertilizers than Crimson clover.

scholarly journals PASTURE RENOVATION BY OVERDRILLING

1986 ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
W.R. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Direct Drilling

The Agricultural Machinery Research Centre, Massey University, undertook pasture renovation with a prototype direct drill at several North Island sites. Banded herbicide application was found to provide an effective medium term (two years) means of introducing ryegrass and clover species into browntop dominant pastures being intensively grazed. Specialist pasture species were introduced into Northland dairy pastures by band spraying and direct drilling. Wana cocksfoot and Pawera red clover were slower to establish than Nui and Ellett ryegrass. All species contributed to greater herbage dry matter production of the sward than the control and appeared to be persisting competitively. Keywords: Direct drilling, overdrilling, band spraying, winged opener, inverted T slot, pasture renewal, pasture renovation, prototype direct drill, Northland, Taranaki, Manawatu, no-tillage.

Relationship Between Photosynthetic Carbon Exchange Rate, Specific Leaf Mass and Other Leaf Characteristics in Chickpea Genotypes

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Mythili ◽  
TVR Nair
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
N Content ◽  
Specific Leaf Mass ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Final Harvest

Thirteen chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes, raised in the field, were screened for carbon exchange rate (CER), related leaf characters and dry matter production throughout the season. Seasonal pattern of the CER and related characters were similar in all genotypes. CER showed two peaks, one at the late vegetative phase and the other at the peak pod filling phase. Stomatal resistance (rs) and specific leaf mass (SLM) increased in the successively formed leaves while nitrogen concentration tended to decline, especially in later-formed leaves. Nitrogen (N) content per unit area, however, remained relatively constant throughout the season. Significant genotypic variabilities were observed in CER and related characters as well as in total dry matter accumulated at harvest. Seasonal means of CER ranged from 12.5 in HG 1765B to 18.4 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 in BG 315, SLM from 5.1 in HG 1765 to 6.5 mg dry weight cm-2 in BG 315, rs from 1.31 in BG 315 to 1.92 s cm-1 in Hyb 16-3, leaf N content from 122.6 in HG 1765B to 172.1 mmol m-2 in BG 315 and total dry matter at final harvest from 9.9 in HG 17658 to 34.9 g plant-1 in K4. Seasonal means of CER were positively correlated with SLM, N content per unit area and final harvest dry matter. Stomatal resistance was negatively correlated with CER and final harvest dry matter. The results indicate that although CER is the best selection criterion for higher dry matter production in chickpea, it is possible to use SLM as an indirect selection criterion for CER in this crop. However, such a selection based on SLM involves the risk of elimination of high N-use efficiency genotypes.

Dry matter yield and nitrogen content in Lupinus spp. (Leguminosae) with potential as a green manure

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Zapata Hernández ◽  
Rodríguez Macías ◽  
P. M. García López ◽  
E. Salcedo Perez ◽  
A. Lara Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Whole Plants

The potential of Lupinus exaltatus, L. mexicanus, and L. rotundiflorus foliage as green manure in terms of total dry matter production and nitrogen (N) content was evaluated. This study was conducted from November 2015 to March 2016 in Zapopan Jalisco, México. The experiment was established in a randomized 3×7 block factorial design. Whole plants, leaves and stems were collected at different periods after sowing and analyzed for N and dry matter content. At the start of the experimental period, a slow growth was observed, based on dry matter production; however, at 93 days after sowing, both biomass and total N increased in the aerial part. The lowest and highest N content was found in L. rotundiflorus (1.2 to 4.0%).The highest dry matter and N accumulated in whole plants were found in L. exaltatus at 169 days after sowing with 21,605 and 410.6 kg ha-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Growth and Resource Use of Maize, Pigeonpea and Maize/Pigeonpea Intercrop in an Operational Research Watershed

1980 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. K. Sivakumar ◽  
S. M. Virmani
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Operational Research ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Matter Production

SUMMARYGrowth and interception of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) in a maize/pigeonpea intercrop and sole maize and sole pigeonpea crops grown in large plots in an operational research watershed at ICRISAT research centre were compared. Growth and yield of the maize crop, in pure stands and in intercrop, were not significantly different. Efficiency of dry matter production, calculated from the relations between dry matter production and cumulative intercepted PAR, was highest for the maize/pigeonpea intercrop, followed by sole maize and sole pigeon-pea, proving the utility of such intercrops in making better use of resources in the Semi-Arid Tropics (SAT).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document