Relationship Between Photosynthetic Carbon Exchange Rate, Specific Leaf Mass and Other Leaf Characteristics in Chickpea Genotypes

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Mythili ◽  
TVR Nair
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
N Content ◽  
Specific Leaf Mass ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Final Harvest

Thirteen chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes, raised in the field, were screened for carbon exchange rate (CER), related leaf characters and dry matter production throughout the season. Seasonal pattern of the CER and related characters were similar in all genotypes. CER showed two peaks, one at the late vegetative phase and the other at the peak pod filling phase. Stomatal resistance (rs) and specific leaf mass (SLM) increased in the successively formed leaves while nitrogen concentration tended to decline, especially in later-formed leaves. Nitrogen (N) content per unit area, however, remained relatively constant throughout the season. Significant genotypic variabilities were observed in CER and related characters as well as in total dry matter accumulated at harvest. Seasonal means of CER ranged from 12.5 in HG 1765B to 18.4 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 in BG 315, SLM from 5.1 in HG 1765 to 6.5 mg dry weight cm-2 in BG 315, rs from 1.31 in BG 315 to 1.92 s cm-1 in Hyb 16-3, leaf N content from 122.6 in HG 1765B to 172.1 mmol m-2 in BG 315 and total dry matter at final harvest from 9.9 in HG 17658 to 34.9 g plant-1 in K4. Seasonal means of CER were positively correlated with SLM, N content per unit area and final harvest dry matter. Stomatal resistance was negatively correlated with CER and final harvest dry matter. The results indicate that although CER is the best selection criterion for higher dry matter production in chickpea, it is possible to use SLM as an indirect selection criterion for CER in this crop. However, such a selection based on SLM involves the risk of elimination of high N-use efficiency genotypes.

scholarly journals Optical crop sensor for variable-rate nitrogen fertilization in corn: i - plant nutrition and dry matter production

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1288-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jardes Bragagnolo ◽  
Telmo Jorge Carneiro Amado ◽  
Rodrigo da Silveira Nicoloso ◽  
Joerg Jasper ◽  
Junior Kunz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
N Content ◽  
Matter Production

Variable-rate nitrogen fertilization (VRF) based on optical spectrometry sensors of crops is a technological innovation capable of improving the nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and mitigate environmental impacts. However, studies addressing fertilization based on crop sensors are still scarce in Brazilian agriculture. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of an optical crop sensor to assess the nutritional status of corn and compare VRF with the standard strategy of traditional single-rate N fertilization (TSF) used by farmers. With this purpose, three experiments were conducted at different locations in Southern Brazil, in the growing seasons 2008/09 and 2010/11. The following crop properties were evaluated: above-ground dry matter production, nitrogen (N) content, N uptake, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) reading, and a vegetation index measured by the optical sensor N-Sensor® ALS. The plants were evaluated in the stages V4, V6, V8, V10, V12 and at corn flowering. The experiments had a completely randomized design at three different sites that were analyzed separately. The vegetation index was directly related to above-ground dry matter production (R² = 0.91; p<0.0001), total N uptake (R² = 0.87; p<0.0001) and SPAD reading (R² = 0.63; p<0.0001) and inversely related to plant N content (R² = 0.53; p<0.0001). The efficiency of VRF for plant nutrition was influenced by the specific climatic conditions of each site. Therefore, the efficiency of the VRF strategy was similar to that of the standard farmer fertilizer strategy at sites 1 and 2. However, at site 3 where the climatic conditions were favorable for corn growth, the use of optical sensors to determine VRF resulted in a 12 % increase in N plant uptake in relation to the standard fertilization, indicating the potential of this technology to improve NUE.

Introduction and management of vetch/barley forage mixtures in the rainfed areas of Pakistan. 3. Residual effects on following cereal crops

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Qamar ◽  
J. D. H. Keatinge ◽  
Noor Mohammad (dec.) ◽  
Asghar Ali ◽  
M. Ajmal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Barley Seed ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
N Content ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Forage Mixtures

The residual effects of winter-sown forage mixtures grown in the northern rainfed parts of Punjab province and south-eastern North West Frontier Province in Pakistan were examined. Studies were carried out during 1994–97 primarily at the National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, which has an annual rainfall of around 1000 mm and, secondarily, at a much drier site at the Arid Zone Research Centre (AZRC) at Quetta. Common vetch (V), barley (B), and their mixtures at seed ratios of V75B25, V50B50, and V25B75 were sown and 3 harvest time treatments (pre-flowering, full flowering, and maturity) were imposed. Sorghum, and then wheat, were grown as succeeding crops to monitor the residual effects of the introduction and management of legume forage mixtures. Significant residual effects on the dry matter production and nitrogen (N) content of sorghum (P < 0·01) were observed at both NARC and AZRC following different vetch/barley seed ratio treatments. Sorghum dry matter yield after pure vetch and after the mixture ratio treatment of V75B25 was higher (4·5 t/ha) than after other mixtures and it was lowest after sole barley (2·5 t/ha). The N taken up by the sorghum after pure vetch amounted to 56 kg/ha and after pure barley was 25 kg/ha. Nitrogen yield from the sorghum decreased with increasing amount of barley in the mixture. There were no apparent effects of the previous harvest time treatments imposed on the forages. Differences in dry matter production and N content in wheat following sorghum at NARC were just detectable after different vetch/barley seed ratios. The greatest amount of dry matter (>4 t/ha) with an N content of 29 kg/ha was found following pure vetch and sorghum and the lowest dry matter (3·4 t/ha) and N (23 kg/ha) following pure barley and sorghum. At AZRC, the same trends in sorghum were observed as at NARC but with reduced yields due to the substantially lower and less well distributed rainfall and suboptimal temperatures, which restricted the productivity of the initial crops in the sequence.

Dry matter yield and nitrogen content in Lupinus spp. (Leguminosae) with potential as a green manure

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Zapata Hernández ◽  
Rodríguez Macías ◽  
P. M. García López ◽  
E. Salcedo Perez ◽  
A. Lara Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Whole Plants

The potential of Lupinus exaltatus, L. mexicanus, and L. rotundiflorus foliage as green manure in terms of total dry matter production and nitrogen (N) content was evaluated. This study was conducted from November 2015 to March 2016 in Zapopan Jalisco, México. The experiment was established in a randomized 3×7 block factorial design. Whole plants, leaves and stems were collected at different periods after sowing and analyzed for N and dry matter content. At the start of the experimental period, a slow growth was observed, based on dry matter production; however, at 93 days after sowing, both biomass and total N increased in the aerial part. The lowest and highest N content was found in L. rotundiflorus (1.2 to 4.0%).The highest dry matter and N accumulated in whole plants were found in L. exaltatus at 169 days after sowing with 21,605 and 410.6 kg ha-1, respectively.

The Effect of Pruning at Different Heights on Yields, Dry Matter Production and Partitioning in Clonal Tea (Camellia Sinensis) in Kenya

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. S. Magambo ◽  
Kimani Waithaka
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Small Roots

SUMMARYDry matter production and partitioning in old clonal tea bushes pruned and maintained at different heights were investigated. New tissues (leaves, new branches and small roots) consti- tuted a small fraction of the total dry matter in all bushes pruned and initially maintained at 70, 40, 25 and 10 cm high, 36 months after pruning. Leaf/frame dry matter ratio was larger and the shoot/root and frame/root ratios were smaller in the bushes initially maintained at 10 cm than in the bushes maintained at other heights. Yields per unit area of the plucking surface were greatest in the smallest bushes initially maintained at 10 cm in 42 months of recording but on the basis of the available space they were greatest in the large bushes initially maintained at 70 cm.

Dry matter production of green pea influenced by herbicides

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-380
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Nádasy ◽  
Gábor Wágner
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Green Pea

Effects of Drought Stress on Physiological Characteristics and Dry Matter Production in Maize Silking Stage

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1884-1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren-He ZHANG ◽  
Dong-Wei GUO ◽  
Xing-Hua ZHANG ◽  
Hai-Dong LU ◽  
Jian-Chao LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Effects of Soil Tillage Practice on Dry Matter Production and Water Use Effi-ciency in Wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1432-1440
Author(s):  
Cheng-Yan ZHENG ◽  
Shi-Ming CUI ◽  
Dong WANG ◽  
Zhen-Wen YU ◽  
Yong-Li ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Tillage Practice ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Effi Ciency
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