Differential responses of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) to ascochyta blight (Mycosphaerella pinodes): rating disease in the field

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Wroth ◽  
T. N. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Flooding Tolerance ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Flooding Pampa ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Stem Leaf ◽  
Lotus Glaber

Lotus glaber Mill. is a herbaceous legume, tolerant to flooding, that in a few decades has colonised the Flooding Pampa grasslands, an extensive wetland of 90 000 km in central-east Argentina. In this study, the growth and nodulation of flooded plants in 5 local populations were evaluated. Thirty-day-old seedlings, grown in pots, were flooded outdoors during 4 months. Stem, leaf, and root biomass, as well as the number of nodules per plant, were lower in flooded plants than in non-flooded ones. In flooded plants, the submerged portions of stems were hypertrophied and populations differed in the proportion of plants with adventitious roots. Flood tolerance was significantly related to the proportion of plants with adventitious roots in stems of each population. A positive relationship was shown between the proportion of plants with adventitious root and number of nodules per plant. The plants were also tolerant of low temperatures and ice-sheeting of water. These results underline the importance of morphological adaptations related to the maintenance of plant functionality under flooding conditions. The results provide evidence of the existence of characters related to flooding tolerance, which should be taken into account in ecological studies and agronomic selection programs.

Flooding tolerance in five populations of Lotus glaber Mill. (Syn. Lotus tenuis Waldst. et. Kit.)

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. R. Vignolio ◽  
O. N. Fernández ◽  
N. O. Maceira
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Flooding Tolerance ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Flooding Pampa ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Stem Leaf ◽  
Lotus Glaber

Lotus glaber Mill. is a herbaceous legume, tolerant to flooding, that in a few decades has colonised the Flooding Pampa grasslands, an extensive wetland of 90 000 km in central-east Argentina. In this study, the growth and nodulation of flooded plants in 5 local populations were evaluated. Thirty-day-old seedlings, grown in pots, were flooded outdoors during 4 months. Stem, leaf, and root biomass, as well as the number of nodules per plant, were lower in flooded plants than in non-flooded ones. In flooded plants, the submerged portions of stems were hypertrophied and populations differed in the proportion of plants with adventitious roots. Flood tolerance was significantly related to the proportion of plants with adventitious roots in stems of each population. A positive relationship was shown between the proportion of plants with adventitious root and number of nodules per plant. The plants were also tolerant of low temperatures and ice-sheeting of water. These results underline the importance of morphological adaptations related to the maintenance of plant functionality under flooding conditions. The results provide evidence of the existence of characters related to flooding tolerance, which should be taken into account in ecological studies and agronomic selection programs

Importance of seed-borne inoculum in the etiology of the Ascochyta blight complex of field peas (Pisum sativum L.) grown in Victoria

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 525 ◽  
Author(s):  
TW Bretag ◽  
TV Price ◽  
PJ Keane
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Ascochyta Pisi ◽  
Growing Region ◽  
Seed Infestation

Fungi associated with the ascochyta blight complex of field peas were isolated from 436 of 691 seedlots tested. Of the fungi detected, 94.8% of isolates were Mycosphaerella pinodes, 4.2% Phoma medicaginis, and 1.0% Ascochyta pisi. The levels of infestation of seed varied considerably from year to year and between seedlots, depending on the amount of rainfall between flowering and maturity. Within a particular pea-growing region, the level of seed-borne infection was often highest in seed from crops harvested latest. In addition, crops sown early were usually more severely affected by disease than late-sown crops, and this resulted in higher levels of seed infection. There was no correlation between the level of seed infestation by M. pinodes and the severity of ascochyta blight; however, where the level of seed infection was high (>11%) there was a significant reduction in emergence, which caused a reduction in grain yield. It may therefore be possible to use seed with high levels of seed-borne ascochyta blight fungi, provided the seeding rate is increased to compensate for poor emergence.

Fungicidal control of ascochyta blight of field pea

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Warkentin ◽  
K. Y. Rashid ◽  
A. G. Xue
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Pisum Sativum L

The use of fungicides for the control of ascochyta blight in field pea was investigated. Four fungicides were applied to the cultivars AC Tamor and Radley at two locations in Manitoba in 1993 and 1994. Fungicides were applied either once, twice, or three times at 10-d intervals, beginning at the initiation of flowering. Chlorothalonil and benomyl were effective m reducing the severity of ascochyta blight and increasing the yield and seed weight of field pea. The triple application of chlorothalonil resulted in a mean yield increase of 33% over that of the untreated control. Iprodione and propiconazole were relatively ineffective in controlling ascochyta blight. The percentage of seedborne ascochyta was not significantly affected by fungicide treatments. The severity of ascochyta blight was greater in 1993 that in 1994, resulting in greater benefits of chlorothalonil and benomyl applications in 1993. Key words: Field pea, Pisum sativum L., ascochyta blight, Mycosphaerella pinodes, fungicide

scholarly journals Disease resistance in pea (Pisum sativum L.) types for autumn sowings in Mediterranean environments - a review

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rubiales ◽  
M. Fernández-Aparicio ◽  
A. Moral ◽  
E. Barilli ◽  
J.C. Sillero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Erysiphe Pisi ◽  
Orobanche Crenata ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Spring Crop

Pea is an important grain legume mainly grown as spring crop in temperate regions. However, in areas with mild winters and dry springs, like Mediterranean type environments, spring pea types are autumn sown. Unfortunately, little efforts have been made so far in pea breeding for constraints typical of these environments, such as crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata), rust (Uromyces pisi), powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi) and ascochyta blight (Mycosphaerella pinodes). In this paper we revise the present state of the art in pea breeding against these diseases and we will critically discuss present progress and future perspectives.

Feeding stem–leaf–pod explants of pea (Pisum sativum L.) with d-chiro-inositol or d-pinitol modifies composition of α-d-galactosides in developing seeds

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesław B. Lahuta ◽  
Wojciech Święcicki ◽  
Tomasz Dzik ◽  
Ryszard J. Górecki ◽  
Marcin Horbowicz
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides ◽  
Developing Seeds ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Stem Leaf

AbstractFeeding stem–leaf–pod explants with d-chiro-inositol and d-pinitol was used as a method to modify α-d-galactosides in developing pea (Pisum sativum) seeds. Four genotypes differing in the composition of raffinose, stachyose and verbascose (raffinose family oligosaccharides or RFOs) in seeds – high RFOs (cv. Tiny), low RFOs (SZD175) and low verbascose (cv. Hubal and cv. Wt 506) – were studied. Although seeds of all examined pea lines were able to take up both d-chiro-inositol and d-pinitol, only d-chiro-inositol was effectively converted into its galactosides: mainly fagopyritol B1 (O-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-d-chiro-inositol) and fagopyritol B2 (O-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-O-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-d-chiro-inositol). In seeds of pea lines naturally containing low levels of verbascose (cv. Hubal) and low RFOs (SZD175), the enhanced accumulation of fagopyritols depressed the RFO level by c. 64 and 20%, respectively. Moreover, in both genotypes, about 25 and 30% of total galactose bound in α-d-galactosides occurred in fagopyritols. d-Pinitol present in the pea seeds was converted into monogalactosides, but their accumulation was several-fold lower than that of fagopyritols and did not significantly influence the accumulation of RFOs. Pea seeds with the composition of soluble carbohydrates modified by feeding with either of the cyclitols were able to complete germination.

Candidate genes for quantitative resistance to Mycosphaerella pinodes in pea (Pisum sativum L.)

2007 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 971-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Prioul-Gervais ◽  
G. Deniot ◽  
E-M. Receveur ◽  
A. Frankewitz ◽  
M. Fourmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Pisum Sativum L

The epidemiology and control of ascochyta blight in field peas: a review

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Bretag ◽  
P. J. Keane ◽  
T. V. Price
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
New Crops ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Ascochyta Pisi ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

Ascochyta blight is one of the most important diseases affecting field peas. The disease occurs in almost all pea-growing regions of the world and can cause significant crop losses when conditions are favourable for an epidemic. Here we review current knowledge of the epidemiology of the disease. Details are provided of disease symptoms, the disease cycle and the taxonomy of the causal fungi, Ascochyta pisi, Mycosphaerella pinodes and Phoma pinodella. The importance of seed-, soil- and air-borne inoculum is discussed along with the factors that influence survival of the causal fungi in soil, on seed or associated with pea trash. Many studies have been reviewed to establish how the fungi responsible for the disease survives from year to year, how the disease becomes established in new crops and the conditions that favour disease development. Evidence is provided that crop rotation, destruction of infected pea trash and chemical seed treatments can significantly reduce the amount of primary inoculum. Later sowing of crops has been shown to reduce the incidence and severity of disease. Fungicides have been used successfully to control the disease, although the cost of their application can significantly reduce the profitability of the crop. The best long-term strategy for effective disease control appears to be the development of ascochyta blight resistant pea varieties. Reports of physiological specialisation in ascochyta blight fungi are also documented. Despite extensive screening of germplasm, relatively few sources of resistance to ascochyta blight fungi have been found in Pisum sativum. However, the discovery of much better sources of resistance in closely related species and the development of advanced breeding methods offer new possibilities for developing useful resistance.

AAC Asher field pea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengjin Bing ◽  
Don Beauchesne ◽  
Debra L. McLaren ◽  
Richard Cuthbert ◽  
Hamid Naeem
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Erysiphe Pisi ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

AAC Asher is a semi-leafless, medium to large seeded yellow cotyledon field pea (Pisum sativum L.) variety developed at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada. It has high yielding potential, early to medium maturity and good lodging resistance. AAC Asher has maturity of 94 days, and one-thousand-seed weight of 257 g. AAC Asher is resistant to powdery mildew (caused by Erysiphe pisi Syd.), moderately tolerant to mycosphaerella blight (caused by Mycosphaerella pinodes) and fusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum). AAC Asher is adapted to all field growing regions in western Canada.

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