Suprathreshold Motion Sensitivity and Ocular Dominance

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 72-72
Author(s):  
B E Arnold-Schultz-Gahmen ◽  
W H Ehrenstein ◽  
L Schlykowa
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Ocular Dominance ◽  
Motion Sensitivity ◽  
Eye Dominance ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Moving Stimulus ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Condition B

Sensitivity to visual motion was investigated by measuring the time required to deflect a joystick in the direction of movement. The stimulus was a small light spot that moved at 2 deg s−1 for 1 s to the left or right; observation was binocular. Two conditions were tested: (A) a single moving stimulus suddenly appeared 5 deg left or right of fixation; (B) two stimuli were constantly visible at 5 deg left and 5 deg right of fixation before one of them began to move. Walls' (1951 A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology45 387 – 412) pointing test and a subset of Coren's (1993 Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society31 1 – 3) laterality questionnaire were used to identify two groups of eight subjects (matched for age, handedness, and gender) with pronounced dominance of their left or right eyes, respectively. The data suggest a higher suprathreshold motion sensitivity (better visuomotor performance) for right-eyed persons who were, on average, faster by 11 ms (A) and by 32 ms (B) than left-eyed persons. Although a similar effect of ocular dominance on suprathreshold motion sensitivity had been shown before [Schlykowa and Ehrenstein, 1993, in Gene - Brain - Behaviour Eds N Elsner, M Heisenberg (Stuttgart: Thieme) page 439], this was for monocular comparison of the dominant versus nondominant eye. Here, however, eye-dominance effects still occur with binocular vision, especially in condition B where motion has to be detected from two mirror-symmetric stimulus locations.

Case Report: Management of a Patient with mTBI and Vestibular Hypofunction with the Binasal Occlusion Technique

2018 ◽  
pp. 87-90
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Motion Sensitivity ◽  
Vestibular Hypofunction ◽  
First Case ◽  
Neurological Exam ◽  
History Of ◽  
Occlusion Technique ◽  
Visual Vertigo

Background: Binasal Occlusion (BNO) is a clinical technique used by many neurorehabilitative optometrists in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and increased visual motion sensitivity (VMS) or visual vertigo. BNO is a technique in which partial occluders are added to the spectacle lenses to suppress the abnormal peripheral visual motion information. This technique helps in reducing VMS symptoms (i.e., nausea, dizziness, balance difficulty, visual confusion). Case Report: A 44-year-old AA female presented for a routine eye exam with a history of mTBI approximately 33 years ago. She was suffering from severe dizziness for the last two years that was adversely impacting her ADLs. The dizziness occurred in all body positions and all environments throughout the day. She was diagnosed with vestibular hypofunction and had undergone vestibular therapy but reported little improvement. Neurological exam revealed dizziness with both OKN drum and hand movement, especially in the left visual field. BNO technique resulted in immediate relief of her dizziness symptoms. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first case that illustrates how the BNO technique in isolation can be beneficial for patients with mTBI and vestibular hypofunction. It demonstrates the success that BNO has in filtering abnormal peripheral visual motion in these patients.

Premorbid migraine history as a risk factor for vestibular and oculomotor baseline concussion assessment in pediatric athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan N. Moran ◽  
Tracey Covassin ◽  
Jessica Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Migraine Headache ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Motion Sensitivity ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Vestibular Ocular Reflex ◽  
History Of

OBJECTIVEMigraine history has recently been identified as a risk factor for concussion and recovery. The authors performed a cross-sectional study examining baseline outcome measures on newly developed and implemented concussion assessment tools in pediatrics. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of premorbid, diagnosed migraine headaches as a risk factor on vestibular and oculomotor baseline assessment in pediatric athletes.METHODSPediatric athletes between the ages of 8 and 14 years with a diagnosed history of migraine headache (n = 28) and matched controls without a history of diagnosed migraine headache (n = 28) were administered a baseline concussion assessment battery, consisting of the Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS), near point of convergence (NPC), and the King-Devick (K-D) tests. Between-groups comparisons were performed for vestibular symptoms and provocation scores on the VOMS (smooth pursuit, saccades, convergence, vestibular/ocular reflex, visual motion sensitivity), NPC (average distance), and K-D (time).RESULTSIndividuals diagnosed with migraine headaches reported greater VOMS smooth pursuit scores (p = 0.02), convergence scores (p = 0.04), vestibular ocular reflex scores (p value range 0.002–0.04), and visual motion sensitivity scores (p = 0.009). Differences were also observed on K-D oculomotor performance with worse times in those diagnosed with migraine headache (p = 0.02). No differences were reported on NPC distance (p = 0.06) or headache symptom reporting (p = 0.07) prior to the VOMS assessment.CONCLUSIONSPediatric athletes diagnosed with migraine headaches reported higher baseline symptom provocation scores on the VOMS. Athletes with migraine headaches also performed worse on the K-D test, further illustrating the influence of premorbid migraine headaches as a risk factor for elevated concussion assessment outcomes at baseline. Special consideration may be warranted for post-concussion assessment in athletes with migraine headaches.

Reduced visual motion sensitivity in unmedicated schizophrenic patients

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 422s ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Richardson ◽  
J.H. Gruzelier ◽  
B.K. Puri
Keyword(s):  
Visual Motion ◽  
Motion Sensitivity ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Imbalanced Sensory Eye Dominance of Surgically Aligned Late-onset Acute Acquired Concomitant Esotropes with normal stereopsis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimo Yao ◽  
Huanyun Yu ◽  
Junxiao Zhang ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
Xinping Yu
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Ocular Dominance ◽  
Contrast Ratio ◽  
Strabismus Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Balance Point ◽  
Eye Dominance ◽  
Phase Combination ◽  
Sensory Eye Dominance ◽  
Normal Controls

Abstract Background: Adults with late-onset acute acquired concomitant esotropia (AACE) have chance to develop normal binocular functions including a balanced ocular dominance before the onset of esotropia. For most patients, strabismus surgery re-establishing the ocular alignment indeed effectively restore stereopsis and visual acuity to the normal level. However, it is unclear whether they have already acquired balanced two eyes.Methods: 11 surgically aligned patients with AACE (24.3 ± 1.5 years; mean ± SE) and 14 adults with normal vision (26.1±1.2 years) participated in our experiments. All patients had normal binocularity and stereopsis. Using binocular phase combination paradigm, sensory eye dominance was quantified as the interocular contrast ratio, termed balance point, at which the contribution of each eye to the perception of cyclopean grating were equal.Results: Normal controls had a mean balance point value close to unity (0.95±0.01), while AACE group exhibited evident binocular imbalance (0.76±0.05), which was significantly different from control group (t (10.45) = -3.485, p = 0.006) . The balance point value didn’t depend on the interval from AACE onset to strabismus surgery (r = -0.357, p = 0.281) or the interval from the surgery to examination of sensory eye dominance (r = -0.105, p = 0.759).Conclusions: Although strabismus surgery effectively straightened AACE patients’ ocular alignment and even conferred them normal stereopsis, late-onset AACE patients’ two eyes were still not balanced. These results indicated that binocular imbalance might be a risk factor for adult AACE.

scholarly journals Incremental Validity of Components of the Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening for Concussion

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 769-769
Author(s):  
N Sandel Sherry ◽  
N Ernst ◽  
J Doman ◽  
C Holland ◽  
H Bitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Motion ◽  
Symptomatic Patient ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Ocular Motor ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Motion Sensitivity ◽  
Symptom Provocation ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Vestibular Ocular Reflex ◽  
Total Score Range

Abstract Purpose The Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) tool for concussion evaluates symptom provocation (in a fixed order) across the following neuromotor tasks: smooth pursuits (SP), saccades-horizontal (Sac-H), saccades-vertical (Sac-V), near point of convergence (NPC), vestibular-ocular reflex-horizontal (VOR-H), vestibular-ocular reflex-vertical (VOR-V), and visual motion sensitivity (VMS). The current study evaluates the incremental validity of each VOMS component in consecutive order. Methods Retrospective record review of 193 subjects (49% male) aged 10–22 years old diagnosed with concussion (sport and non-sport injuries) and demonstrated an abnormal VOMS (defined by symptom provocation >2 or NPC >5cm) at initial evaluation in a specialty concussion clinic. Hierarchical regression was performed with VOMS total score (range: 0-320) as the dependent variable and each VOMS component as predictors in seven consecutive steps. Results The model was significant (p<.001) at each step; the final model including all seven VOMS components in order (SP, Sac-H, Sac-V, NPC, VOR-H, VOR-V, and VMS) was significant, F(7,185)= 6.87, p<.001 and accounted for 20.6% of the variance in total VOMS score. The only significant predictors in the final model included: SP (p=.01), NPC (p=.04), and VOR-H (p=.04). Conclusion Provocation of symptoms on SP, NPC, and VOR-H are the best predictors of total VOMS score. NPC and VOR-H symptom provocation provide unique value to vestibular screening beyond symptom provocation on SP and after completion of all other VOMS components. This information may be clinically useful when vestibular screening must be expedited (e.g., highly symptomatic patient, sideline assessment).

Recovery from effects of brief monocular deprivation in the kitten

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Malach ◽  
R. Ebert ◽  
R. C. Van Sluyters
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Ocular Dominance ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Monocular Deprivation ◽  
Cortical Input ◽  
Binocular Function ◽  
Normal Binocular Vision

The potential for recovery from the cortical effects of monocular deprivation (MD) was studied in kittens that were briefly deprived and then exposed to various periods of normal binocular vision. In eight kittens, recordings from the hemisphere ipsilateral to the deprived eye revealed that at 4 wk of age, exposure to 12 h of MD (six 2-h sessions spread over 2 days) was sufficient to cause a massive shift in the ocular dominance of striate cortex neurons in favor of the nondeprived eye. Six of these MD kittens were allowed 3 wk of normal binocular vision and then recorded from a second time to assess the extent to which their cortex could recover from the effects of this brief period of deprivation. Data from these animals indicated that now approximately equal numbers of cortical neurons were dominated by each eye and that, while the overall level of binocularity was somewhat lower than that found in normally reared animals, the majority of cells had regained functional binocular connections. The possibility that cortical binocularity could recover even further was explored by allowing four of these six MD kittens to experience an additional 4 wk of binocular vision and then recording from them a third time. These final recordings indicated that following a total of 7 wk of binocular vision, the level of cortical binocularity was no different from that found in normally reared animals. Having demonstrated that normal binocular function can be restored to a cortex in which it had been severely disrupted, we next attempted to characterize the earliest stages of this recovery process by examining the pattern of cortical binocularity in 10 MD kittens that were allowed to experience either 6 or 12 h of binocular vision (given over 1 or 2 days, respectively). Our results indicate that, during the initial day of binocular vision, recovery seems to involve a noncompetitive expansion of functional cortical input from the deprived eye, which joins with input from the nondeprived eye in driving cortical neurons. The level of cortical binocularity continues to increase during the next day of binocular vision, but now there is also a small increase in the proportion of cells driven exclusively by the initially deprived eye--suggesting that there may be an additional competitive component to the early stages of recovery. The results of this study complement our previous report of complete recovery of binocularity following exposure to a brief period of optically induced strabismus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals Visual motion sensitivity in dyslexia: evidence for temporal and energy integration deficits

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 935-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel B Talcott ◽  
Peter C Hansen ◽  
Elikem L Assoku ◽  
John F Stein
Keyword(s):  
Visual Motion ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Motion Sensitivity

A Study of Human Pointing Features on Touch-Screens -Age Effect, Difference by Gender, and Difference in Direction-

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanobu Komazaki ◽  
◽  
Masanori Idesawa
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Touch Screen ◽  
Practice Effect ◽  
Touch Screens ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Interface Devices

We set up guidelines for designing graphic user interfaces (GUI), e.g., software-keyboards, for touch screens easier to used than conventional input (or interface) devices for IT systems such as keyboards and mice. We studied aging and gender differences in the dynamic properties of user pointing on a touch screen. We obtained the following results: (1) Standard Fitts’law did not hold very well when subjects repeated pointing using one finger between two targets close together on the touch screen. Movement-Time (MT) -the time required for pointing- increased linearly with the index of difficulty (ID) - the ratio of distance between targets (D) to target size (S). (2) Neither α -the ratio of the increase of MT to ID- nor β -MT when ID is 0- differed significantly between men and women. (3) α took almost the same value in older, middle-aged, and younger subjects, whereas β differed significantly between these groups. β increased linearly with age. (4) α and β did not differ significantly between left-right and depth in pointing. (5) The practice effect reduced the dispersion of α and β.

scholarly journals Larger Receptive Field Size as a Mechanism Underlying Atypical Motion Perception in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly B. Schauder ◽  
Woon Ju Park ◽  
Duje Tadin ◽  
Loisa Bennetto
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Receptive Field ◽  
Motion Perception ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Contrast Model ◽  
Motion Sensitivity ◽  
Receptive Field Size

Atypical visual motion perception has been widely observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The pattern of results, however, has been inconsistent. Emerging mechanistic hypotheses seek to explain these variable patterns of atypical motion sensitivity, each uniquely predicting specific patterns of performance across varying stimulus conditions. Here, we investigated the integrity of two such fundamental mechanisms—response gain control and receptive field size. A total of 20 children and adolescents with ASD and 20 typically developing (TD) age- and IQ-matched controls performed a motion discrimination task. To adequately model group differences in both mechanisms of interest, we tested a range of 23 stimulus conditions varying in size and contrast. Results revealed a motion perception impairment in ASD that was specific to the smallest sized stimuli (1°), irrespective of stimulus contrast. Model analyses provided evidence for larger receptive field size in ASD as the mechanism that explains this size-specific reduction of motion sensitivity.

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