The Effect of Visuo-Spatial Organisation in Recognition-Memory Tasks

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p6095 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 763-774
Author(s):  
Laura Petrini ◽  
Kristian Hennings ◽  
Lars Arendt-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Spatial Task ◽  
Verbal Task ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Spatial Organisation ◽  
Male Volunteers ◽  
Stimulus Probe ◽  
Left And Right

We investigated whether recognition memory benefits when stimuli are organised in a visuo-spatial array. Three different memory tasks were compared: (a) verbal task (what); (b) spatial task (where); (c) combination task, where both verbal and spatial informations were combined together (what/where). We hypothesised that when visual stimuli are organised in a spatial array the recognition is better. Recognition memory was assessed by quantifying the speed of correct responses and the total number of correct responses in a group of male volunteers ( N = 20). Subjects' task was to recognise a stimulus probe from sequences (one versus three) of stimuli. All stimuli appeared randomly in one of nine locations on a 3 × 3 grid. The results show that subjects were faster and more accurate when they had to recognise only spatial information (where) than when they had to recognise verbal information (what) or the combination of both verbal and spatial information (what/where). Additionally, when the stimuli were presented in a spatial array there were benefits for the spatial task, whilst verbal and combination tasks were unaffected. Additionally, asymmetry between left and right hemifields has been found. These findings are discussed with regard to different memory processes that operate independently.

Semantic Congruency Improves Recognition Memory Performance for Both Audiovisual and Visual Stimuli

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 763-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Heikkilä ◽  
Kimmo Alho ◽  
Kaisa Tiippana
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Congruency Effect ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
The Other ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Semantic Congruency ◽  
Recognition Memory Performance ◽  
Visual Encoding ◽  
Per Se

Audiovisual semantic congruency during memory encoding has been shown to facilitate later recognition memory performance. However, it is still unclear whether this improvement is due to multisensory semantic congruency or just semantic congruencyper se. We investigated whether dual visual encoding facilitates recognition memory in the same way as audiovisual encoding. The participants memorized auditory or visual stimuli paired with a semantically congruent, incongruent or non-semantic stimulus in the same modality or in the other modality during encoding. Subsequent recognition memory performance was better when the stimulus was initially paired with a semantically congruent stimulus than when it was paired with a non-semantic stimulus. This congruency effect was observed with both audiovisual and dual visual stimuli. The present results indicate that not only multisensory but also unisensory semantically congruent stimuli can improve memory performance. Thus, the semantic congruency effect is not solely a multisensory phenomenon, as has been suggested previously.

Hemispheric Specialization in Normally and Slowly Developing Children: A Tachistoscopic and Dichaptic Evaluation

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (3_suppl2) ◽  
pp. 1187-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Williams ◽  
V. A. Keough ◽  
J. M. Fisher ◽  
C. J. Seymour ◽  
M. G. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Response Latency ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Hemispheric Specialization ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Information Number

The purpose of the study was a description of hemispheric specialization characteristics of normally developing right- and left-handed children and determination of what differences in such characteristics, if any, existed between young normally developing and older slowly developing children. With dichaptic and tachistoscopic methods, hemispheric specialization characteristics of 15 slowly developing children (5-0 to 9-6 yr.) and 25 normally developing children (6-0 to 6-11 yr.) were assessed. Latencies and the number of correct responses were analyzed. Both right- and left-handed normally developing 6-yr.-olds showed considerable evidence of bilateralization of hemispheric functions for spatial and verbal information processing; slowly developing children exhibited unusual patterns of hemispheric specialization usually opposite those typically expected in children or adults. Response latency measures of performances of slowly developing children suggested a bilateralization of hemispheric function for processing of verbal and spatial information; number of correct responses indicated that lateralization of such functions was present.

Face-Processing Impairments and the Capgras Delusion

1993 ◽  
Vol 162 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Young ◽  
Ian Reid ◽  
Simon Wright ◽  
Deborah J. Hellawell
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Capgras Delusion ◽  
Unfamiliar Faces

Investigations of two cases of the Capgras delusion found that both patients showed face-processing impairments encompassing identification of familiar faces, recognition of emotional facial expressions, and matching of unfamiliar faces. In neither case was there any impairment of recognition memory for words. These findings are consistent with the idea that the basis of the Capgras delusion lies in damage to neuro-anatomical pathways responsible for appropriate emotional reactions to familiar visual stimuli. The delusion would then represent the patient's attempt to make sense of the fact that these visual stimuli no longer have appropriate affective significance.

Role of Spatial and Temporal Coincidence in Depth Organization

Perception ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruyuki Kojima ◽  
Randolph Blake
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Space Perception ◽  
Video Monitor ◽  
Lateral Separation ◽  
Temporal Phase ◽  
Spatial Alignment ◽  
Uncrossed Disparity ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

The linking of spatial information is essential for coherent space perception. A study is reported of the contribution of temporal and spatial alignment for the linkage of spatial elements in terms of depth perception. Stereo half-images were generated on the left and right halves of a large-screen video monitor and viewed through a mirror stereoscope. The half-images portrayed a black vertically oriented bar with two brackets immediately flanking this bar and placed in crossed or uncrossed disparity relative to the bar. A pair of thin white ‘bridging lines' could appear on the black bar, always at zero disparity. Brackets and bridging lines could be flickered either in phase or out of phase. Observers judged whether the brackets appeared in front of or behind the black bar, with disparity varied. Compared to conditions when the bridging lines were absent, depth judgments were markedly biased toward “in front” when bridging lines and brackets flashed in temporal phase; this bias was much reduced when the bridging lines and brackets flashed out of phase. This biasing effect also depended on spatial offset of lines and brackets. However, perception was uninfluenced by the lateral separation between object and brackets.

Ventral hippocampal involvement in temporal order, but not recognition, memory for spatial information

Hippocampus ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Howland ◽  
Rebecca A. Harrison ◽  
Darren K. Hannesson ◽  
Anthony G. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Spatial Information

scholarly journals Assessment of Functional Hemispheric Asymmetry by Bilateral Simultaneous Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity Monitoring

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Klingelhöfer ◽  
Gernot Matzander ◽  
Dirk Sander ◽  
Jens Schwarze ◽  
Henning Boecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Transcranial Doppler ◽  
Spatial Task ◽  
Hemispheric Dominance ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Overt Speech

The aim of this study was to investigate side-to-side differences of simultaneously measured middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood flow velocities during various hemisphere-specific tasks. Using a transcranial Doppler device, flow velocity changes of 24 healthy, right-handed subjects were monitored simultaneously in the left and right MCA during different hemisphere-specific tasks. Mean flow velocity (MFV) curves were averaged for each individual subject and task. Simultaneously, heart rate, blood pressure and end-tidal carbon dioxide (CO2) were measured in a subgroup of six subjects. When compared with the resting state, all stimuli produced significant ( p < 0.001) bilateral MFV increases, ranging from 2.5–9.2%. A lateralization of MFV increases with a significantly ( p < 0.001) more pronounced increase in MFV in the hemisphere contralateral to the performing hand was observed both during simple sequential finger movements and a complex spatial task. During the complex spatial task, consistently higher MFV increases were observed in the right MCA ( p < 0.001), regardless of the side of task performance. Recognition of pictorial material presented as part of a memory task, also resulted in a side-to-side difference of respective MFV increases (right > left, p < 0.001), whereas memorization did not. Whereas bilateral MFV elevations observed during stimulation with white noise were only discrete and not lateralized, exposure to overt speech produced significantly higher ( p < 0.001) MFV increases in the left MCA. The time course of the MFV reaction showed a rapid increase with an initial maximum after 4–5 s. Heart rate, blood pressure, and end-tidal CO2 showed only subtle changes during the stimulation periods. In conclusion, the observed side-to-side differences of MFV reaction in the left and right MCA concur with current functional imaging data. Bilateral simultaneous repetitive transcranial Doppler monitoring is a sensitive method to detect cerebral perfusion asymmetries caused by hemisphere-specific activation, and thus may be helpful for noninvasive assessment of hemispheric dominance for language.

scholarly journals The rodent hippocampus as a bilateral structure: A review of hemispheric lateralization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake T. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Brain Region ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Hemispheric Lateralization ◽  
Hemispheric Differences ◽  
Functional Lateralization ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Behavior And Cognition

AbstractThe left and right rodent hippocampi exhibit striking lateralization in some of the very neural substrates considered to be critical for hippocampal cognitive function. Despite this, there is an overwhelming lack of consideration for hemispheric differences in studies of the rodent hippocampus. Asymmetries identified so far suggest that a bilateral model of the hippocampus will be essential for an understanding of this brain region, and perhaps of the brain more widely. Although hypotheses have been proposed to explain how the left and right hippocampi contribute to behavior and cognition, these hypotheses have either been refuted by more recent studies or have been limited in the scope of data they explain. Here, I will first review data on human and rodent hippocampal lateralization. The implications of these data suggest that considering the hippocampus as a bilateral structure with functional lateralization will be critical moving forward in understanding the function and mechanisms of this brain region. In exploring these implications, I will then propose a hypothesis of the hippocampus as a bilateral structure. This discrete-continuous (DC) hypothesis proposes that the left and right hippocampi contribute to spatial memory and navigation in a complementary manner. Specifically, the left hemisphere stores spatial information as discrete, salient locations and that the right hemisphere represents space continuously, contributing to route computation and flexible spatial navigation. Consideration of hippocampal lateralization in designing future studies may provide insight into the function of the hippocampus and resolve debates concerning its function.

scholarly journals Spatial tuning and brain state account for dorsal hippocampal CA1 activity in a non-spatial learning task

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Q Shan ◽  
Evgueniy V Lubenov ◽  
Maria Papadopoulou ◽  
Athanassios G Siapas
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Eyeblink Conditioning ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Spatial Task ◽  
Place Cells ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Output Stages

The hippocampus is a brain area crucial for episodic memory in humans. In contrast, studies in rodents have highlighted its role in spatial learning, supported by the discovery of place cells. Efforts to reconcile these views have found neurons in the rodent hippocampus that respond to non-spatial events but have not unequivocally dissociated the spatial and non-spatial influences on these cells. To disentangle these influences, we trained freely moving rats in trace eyeblink conditioning, a hippocampally dependent task in which the animal learns to blink in response to a tone. We show that dorsal CA1 pyramidal neurons are all place cells, and do not respond to the tone when the animal is moving. When the animal is inactive, the apparent tone-evoked responses reflect an arousal-mediated resumption of place-specific firing. These results suggest that one of the main output stages of the hippocampus transmits only spatial information, even in this non-spatial task.

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