A Comparison of Visual Tilt Illusions Measured by the Techniques of Vertical Setting, Parallel Matching, and Dot Alignment

Perception ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wenderoth ◽  
Alan Parkinson ◽  
Dennis White
Keyword(s):  
Test Line ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
The Other ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Independent Evidence ◽  
Tilt Illusion ◽  
Parallel Matching ◽  
Attraction Effects ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Alignment Errors

The tilt illusion (TI) was investigated by using both short (19 min) and long (2 deg 6 min) test lines, at three angles of test line-inducing line separation (15°, 45°, and 75°). Three groups of ten observers each provided data under one of three task conditions: vertical judgment, parallel matching, and dot alignment on a common visual display. The main result was that both the vertical judgment and the parallel matching task provided similar, classic TI angular functions with the means ordered 15° > 45° > 75° and with small attraction effects at 75° in three of the four relevant functions. The third task, dot alignment, yielded results different from the average of the other two: no attraction effects occurred and, with the short test line, the obtained mean illusion at 45° exceeded those at the other intersect angles. These results are consistent with alignment data reported by others. One explanation is that the inducing line produces an apparent bowing of the test line which would be reflected in dot alignments but not in vertical setting or in parallel matching. However, direct evidence does not support this hypothesis. An alternate hypothesis, for which independent evidence exists, is that alignment errors reflect perceptual mistracking but that the origin of these errors is not at the tip of the test line but within it. Although this does not explain dot alignment errors, it highlights their complexity and the need to interpret them with caution.

The Effects of Display and Observer Strategy Variables on Bourdon Assimilation Illusions

Perception ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wenderoth ◽  
Tony O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Solid Angle ◽  
Straight Edge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Tilt Illusion ◽  
Solid Angles ◽  
Strategy Variables ◽  
Dual Angle ◽  
The Way

When a solid (filled-in) triangle is mirror-reflected about its vertex such that one angle arm and its reflection form a straight edge, this straight edge appears as a chevron bent in the direction of the other sides of the triangles, an effect directionally opposite to the well-known tilt illusion that occurs with outline angles. It has been proposed that these negative solid-angle illusions (assimilation effects) which occur in dual-angle (Bourdon-type) displays result from a failure to discriminate between the test (judged) edges and the bisectors of the solid angles. In dual-angle outline displays, near-zero effects have been attributed to the availability of collinearity cues. These hypotheses were tested in two experiments in which cues to collinearity were reduced by inserting gaps between the angles and in which collinearity information was increased by adding thick ‘necks’ to the displays. The results are consistent with predictions and implicate not only the nature of the angle display, but also the way in which observers perform the matching task in the production of assimilation effects.

Obliquity Integration: Variations on a Theme of Delbœuf

Perception ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-712
Author(s):  
Giovanni B Vicario ◽  
Giulio Vidotto ◽  
Elena Zambianchi
Keyword(s):  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Geometrical Illusion ◽  
Tilt Illusion ◽  
Variations On A Theme ◽  
Rod And Frame

An optical—geometrical illusion, described by Delbœuf and not familiar to specialists, is investigated. The results of two experiments show that the divergence between a bar filled with parallel slanting lines and a line drawn above it is clearly related to this angle of the lines which fill the bar. The illusion is already present when this angle is 10°, reaches its maximum at 20°, decreases at 30°, and almost disappears at 40°. These results are similar to those found for the tilt illusion, are slightly different from those found for the rod-and-frame illusion, and differ greatly from those found for the Zöllner illusion. The other variables considered—the distance between the slanting lines filling up the bar, the distance between the upper line and the bar, and the width of the bar—do not influence the illusion as much. Since either the line appears as diverging from the bar, or the bar seems inclined in relation to the line, the illusion should be considered a complex one. The small oblique lines inside the bar induce obliquity in the opposite sense in the display, but which of the elements is seen as diverging from the other depends on which of the two is established as the frame of reference.

scholarly journals Better to Be Alone than in Bad Company: Cognate Synonyms Impair Word Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Eneko Antón ◽  
Jon Andoni Duñabeitia
Keyword(s):  
Word Learning ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
New Words ◽  
L2 Word Learning ◽  
Concrete Concepts ◽  
Better Than

The effects of cognate synonymy in L2 word learning are explored. Participants learned the names of well-known concrete concepts in a new fictional language following a picture-word association paradigm. Half of the concepts (set A) had two possible translations in the new language (i.e., both words were synonyms): one was a cognate in participants’ L1 and the other one was not. The other half of the concepts (set B) had only one possible translation in the new language, a non-cognate word. After learning the new words, participants’ memory was tested in a picture-word matching task and a translation recognition task. In line with previous findings, our results clearly indicate that cognates are much easier to learn, as we found that the cognate translation was remembered much better than both its non-cognate synonym and the non-cognate from set B. Our results also seem to suggest that non-cognates without cognate synonyms (set B) are better learned than non-cognates with cognate synonyms (set A). This suggests that, at early stages of L2 acquisition, learning a cognate would produce a poorer acquisition of its non-cognate synonym, as compared to a solely learned non-cognate. These results are discussed in the light of different theories and models of bilingual mental lexicon.

scholarly journals Seeing a drummer’s performance modulates the subjective experience of groove while listening to popular music drum patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Lloyd Eaves ◽  
Noola Griffiths ◽  
Emily Burridge ◽  
Thomas McBain ◽  
Natalie Butcher
Keyword(s):  
Music Perception ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
The Other ◽  
Likert Scales ◽  
Foot Tapping ◽  
Head Bobbing ◽  
Point Light ◽  
Point Light Display ◽  
Main Effects

Spontaneous rhythmical movements, like foot-tapping and head-bobbing, often emerge when people listen to music, promoting the enjoyable sensation of ‘being in the groove’. Here we report the first experiment to investigate if seeing the music maker modulates this experience. Across trials we manipulated groove level in the audio beats (high vs low), and manipulated the match between the audio beats and a concurrently observed point-light display (PLD) of the drummer. The visual display was either fully corresponding with the audio beats, or incompatible across three conditions: a static PLD, a corresponding but asynchronous PLD (0.5s time shifted); or a non-corresponding PLD (e.g. high groove audio paired with low groove PLD). Participants (n = 36) rated: (a) their desire to move; and (b) their perceived groove, purely in response to the audio beats, using 8-point Likert scales. The main effects of groove level and visual display were significant in both measurements. Ratings increased for high compared to low groove audio overall, and for the fully corresponding condition compared to the other visual conditions. Ratings of the desire to move also increased in the static compared to the non-corresponding condition, and the two-way interaction was significant. Desire to move significantly increased for high compared to low groove audio in the fully corresponding, static and asynchronous conditions, while this effect was absent in the non-corresponding condition. These findings identify the importance of seeing as well as hearing the musician for an enhanced experience of groove, which necessitates a multimodal account of music perception.

scholarly journals Agrammatic Comprehension of Simple Active Sentences With Moved Constituents

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naama Friedmann ◽  
Lewis P. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Movement Strategy ◽  
Conduction Aphasia ◽  
Basic Order ◽  
Active Sentence

This study examines agrammatic comprehension of object-subject-verb (OSV) and object-verb-subject (OVS) structures in Hebrew. These structures are syntactically identical to the basic order subject-verb-object (SVO) sentence except for the movement of the object to the beginning of the sentence, and thus enable empirical examination of syntactic movement in agrammatic comprehension. Seven individuals with agrammatism, 7 individuals with conduction aphasia, and 7 individuals without language impairment, all native speakers of Hebrew, performed a sentence-picture matching task. The task compared OSV and OVS sentences to SVO sentences and to subject and object relatives. Individuals with agrammatism performed more poorly than those in either of the other groups. Their comprehension of SVO sentences was significantly above chance, but comprehension of OSV and OVS sentences was at chance and was poorer than comprehension of SVO sentences. These results show that agrammatic comprehension of structures that involve movement of a noun phrase is impaired even when the structure is a simple active sentence, in line with the Trace Deletion Hypothesis (TDH; Y. Grodzinsky, 1990, 1995a, 2000). A modification is suggested to accommodate the TDH with the VP Internal Subject Hypothesis, according to which individuals with agrammatism use an "Avoid Movement" strategy in comprehension.

Exposure-Time and Spatial-Frequency Effects in the Tilt Illusion

Perception ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian I O'Toole
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Test Line ◽  
Acute Angle ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Time Constants ◽  
Frequency Effects ◽  
Tilt Illusion ◽  
Vertical Test

The exposure durations of a vertical test line and a tilted inducing grating were varied and the tilt illusion thus generated was found to change as a function of this variation. Significant direct effects (acute-angle expansion) and indirect effects (acute-angle contraction) were found to occur at times consistent with Andrews's estimate of the time course of inhibition in the visual system when the inducing grating had a spatial frequency of 10 cycles deg−1. However, a 2 · 71 cycles deg−1 grating gave significant effects at exposure durations of 10 as well as 1000 ms, while in a further experiment a 10 · 91 cycles deg−1 grating gave significant effects at 1000 ms only. These results seem to suggest that orientation interactions thought to be due to inhibition (direct effect) and disinhibition (indirect effect) may occur within both sustained and transient channels with concomitant differences in time constants.

Cross-Modal Associations Between Color and Touch: Mapping Haptic and Tactile Terms to the Surface of the Munsell Color Solid

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 691-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Wright ◽  
Yasmina Jraissati ◽  
Dila Özçelik
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Color Matching ◽  
Mediating Role

This study investigated cross-modal associations between color and touch using a matching task. Participants matched colors drawn from the surface of the Munsell color solid to antonym pairs of haptic/tactile adjectives. For most of the term pairs assessed (soft/hard, smooth/rough, flat/uneven, slippery/not slippery, light/heavy, thin/thick and round/sharp) matching appears predominantly influenced by lightness, with the first term from each pair matched to light colors and the other to dark colors, a result in close agreement with previous research. For two terms, warm and wet, there were clear influences of hue on task performance. There were also similarities between patterns of color matching to several of the haptic/tactile terms assessed and color matching to another term, dislike. This suggests valence may play a mediating role in cross-modal associations involving touch and color.

The Other-Race Effect does not Rely on Memory: Evidence from a Matching Task

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1473-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Megreya ◽  
David White ◽  
A. Mike Burton
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Race Effect

scholarly journals Making a Spectacle of Yourself: The Effect of Glasses and Sunglasses on Face Perception

Perception ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 461-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy L. Graham ◽  
Kay L. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Face Perception ◽  
The Other ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Match Trial ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
Trial Performance

We investigated the effect of wearing glasses and sunglasses on the perception of social traits from faces and on face matching. Participants rated images of people wearing no glasses, glasses and sunglasses on three social traits (trustworthiness, competence and attractiveness). Wearing sunglasses reduced ratings of trustworthiness. Participants also performed a matching task (telling whether two images show the same person or not) with pairs of images both wearing no glasses, glasses or sunglasses, and all combinations of eyewear. Incongruent eyewear conditions (e.g., one image wearing glasses and the other wearing sunglasses, etc.) reduced performance. Further analysis comparing performance on congruent and incongruent eyewear trials showed that our effects were driven by match trial performance, where differences in eyewear decreased accuracy. For same-eyewear-condition pairs, performance was poorer for pairs of images both wearing sunglasses than no glasses. Our results extend and update previous research on the effect of eyewear on face perception.

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