Obliquity Integration: Variations on a Theme of Delbœuf

Perception ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-712
Author(s):  
Giovanni B Vicario ◽  
Giulio Vidotto ◽  
Elena Zambianchi
Keyword(s):  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Geometrical Illusion ◽  
Tilt Illusion ◽  
Variations On A Theme ◽  
Rod And Frame

An optical—geometrical illusion, described by Delbœuf and not familiar to specialists, is investigated. The results of two experiments show that the divergence between a bar filled with parallel slanting lines and a line drawn above it is clearly related to this angle of the lines which fill the bar. The illusion is already present when this angle is 10°, reaches its maximum at 20°, decreases at 30°, and almost disappears at 40°. These results are similar to those found for the tilt illusion, are slightly different from those found for the rod-and-frame illusion, and differ greatly from those found for the Zöllner illusion. The other variables considered—the distance between the slanting lines filling up the bar, the distance between the upper line and the bar, and the width of the bar—do not influence the illusion as much. Since either the line appears as diverging from the bar, or the bar seems inclined in relation to the line, the illusion should be considered a complex one. The small oblique lines inside the bar induce obliquity in the opposite sense in the display, but which of the elements is seen as diverging from the other depends on which of the two is established as the frame of reference.

Respective Contribution of Orientation Contrast and Illusion of Self-Tilt to the Rod-And-Frame Effect

Perception ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Cian ◽  
Dominique Esquivié ◽  
Pierre Alain Barraud ◽  
Christian Raphel
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Effect ◽  
Visual Angle ◽  
Angular Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frame Effect ◽  
Tilt Illusion ◽  
Orientation Contrast ◽  
Respective Contribution ◽  
Adjustment Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

The visual angle subtended by the frame seems to be an important determinant of the contribution of orientation contrast and illusion of self-tilt (ie vection) to the rod-and-frame effect. Indeed, the visuovestibular factor (which produces vection) seems to be predominant in large displays and the contrast effect in small displays. To determine how these two phenomena are combined to account for the rod-and-frame effect, independent estimates of the magnitude of each component in relation to the angular size subtended by the display were examined. Thirty-five observers were exposed to three sets of experimental situations: body-adjustment test (illusion of self-tilt only), the tilt illusion (contrast only) and the rod-and-frame test, each display subtending 7, 12, 28, and 45 deg of visual angle. Results showed that errors recorded in the three situations increased linearly with the angular size. Whatever the size of the frame, both mechanisms, contrast effect (tilt illusion) and illusory effect on self-orientation (body-adjustment test), are always present. However, rod-and-frame errors became greater at a faster rate than the other two effects as the size of the stimuli became larger. Neither one nor the other independent phenomen, nor the combined effect could fully account for the rod-and-frame effect whatever the angular size of the apparatus.

Collections of Memory Institutions: New Trends for Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Arvydas Pacevičius
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Library History ◽  
Modern Library ◽  
Research Paradigms ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
New Research

The publication features information on research done during the Bibliotheca Lituana project. In particular the focus is on collections of memory institutions, new perspectives on library and other memory institution, i.e. archives, museums, research. Modern library history has adopted relevant theoretical perspectives from social and cultural theory. Currently these perspectives incorporate not only the activities and collections of the aforementioned institutions but also the more widely interpreted information infrastructure, that do not have libraries as their main frame of reference. Problems faced publishing archival sources are also examined. It was determined that insufficient attention is given to research and publication of old catalogues, inventories and book listings. On the other hand a unified system and methodology for publishing of the aforementioned sources does not exist. We come to a conclusion that through new research paradigms, an interdisciplinary approach and change of thought in the archival, librarian and museology communities, we can start systematic research of libraries and other memory institutions. Their results would complement the pages of the continued Bibliotheca Lituana publications.

The Optical-Geometrical Illusion “Corner Poggendorff” Re-Examined

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1283-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Bruno Vicario ◽  
Elena Zambianchi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Geometrical Illusion ◽  
Parallel Path ◽  
Poggendorff Effect ◽  
General Conditions

In 1988 Greene noted, if a straight pair of obliques are drawn outside of two orthogonal lines, the segments appear to be angled slightly one relative to the other. This illusion, designated as “corner Poggendorff,” is different from the Poggendorff effect (the two obliques seem to lie on a parallel path). The results of the present experiments ( N = 76 students) suggest that the general conditions for the corner Poggendorff are similar to those for the Judd illusion.

Socio-Cognitive Model of Trust

2009 ◽  
pp. 2316-2323
Author(s):  
Rino Falcone ◽  
Cristiano Castelfranchi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Third ◽  
Interaction Traces ◽  
Cooperative Models ◽  
Support Decision Making

Humans have learned to cooperate in many ways and in many environments, on different tasks, and for achieving different and several goals. Collaboration and cooperation in their more general sense (and, in particular, negotiation, exchange, help, delegation, adoption, and so on) are important characteristics - or better, the most foundational aspects - of human societies (Tuomela, 1995). In the evolution of cooperative models, a fundamental role has been played by diverse constructs of various kinds (purely interactional, technical-legal, organizational, socio-cognitive, etc.), opportunely introduced (or spontaneously emerged) to support decision making in collaborative situations. The new scenarios we are destined to meet in the third millennium transfigure the old frame of reference, in that we have to consider new channels and infrastructures (i.e., the Internet), new artificial entities for cooperating with artificial or software agents, and new modalities of interaction (suggested/imposed by both the new channels and the new entities). In fact, it is changing the identification of the potential partners, the perception of the other agents, the space-temporal context in which interaction happen, the nature of the interaction traces, the kind and role of the authorities and guarantees, etc. For coping with these scenarios, it will be necessary to update the traditional supporting decision-making constructs. This effort will be necessary especially to develop the new cybersocieties in such a way as not to miss some of the important cooperative characteristics that are so relevant in human societies.

Designing Practice-Oriented Toolkits

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demosthenes Akoumianakis
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Community Media ◽  
Conceptual Frame ◽  
Shared Language ◽  
Normative Perspective ◽  
Gaining Insight

This article aims to develop a conceptual frame of reference for analyzing and gaining insight to virtual community practices. The author’s normative perspective is that the vast majority of studies on virtual communities concentrate on managing (i.e., identifying, forming and sustaining) virtual communities, dismissing the practice the community is about. On the other hand, there is evidence to suggest that practice-oriented insights may offer new grounds for innovative engagement in virtual settings. Following a thorough analysis of seemingly heterogeneous concepts from new media, community-oriented thinking and practice-based approaches the article discusses what is it that differentiates offline from online practice, how these two are intertwined and why the literature lacks detailed insights on the actual practice virtual communities become engaged in. In light of this discussion, the Community-media-Practice grid is proposed as a guide for designing practiceoriented toolkits fostering a shared language for co-engagement in linguistic domains.

scholarly journals Revising Stanley’s footsteps: encountering the ‘other’ in Darkest England (1996) by Christopher Hope

Literator ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
H. Roos
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Black Africa ◽  
Colonial Texts ◽  
Travel Writings

As has now become a familiar image in Hope’s writings, once again ttie idea of looking at a society from the position of an outsider and an exile forms the central theme of Darkest England (1996). In this satirical novel, the tradition of nineteenth-century travel writings set in a colonial context is reversed, undermined, and then remarkably recreated to portray the present-day manifestation of encounters and relations between (black) Africa and the (white) West. Presenting the (fictional) journals of a Khoisan leader, David Mungo Booi, within a dynamic frame of reference to classical colonial texts by, among others, Livingstone and Stanley. Hope writes a new travel report. This essay discusses how, by the reversal of point of view, a change in time and space, and creating a satirical mood, the colonizer and the colonized are interchanged and the original texts are evoked to be rewritten. The notions of Self/Other, colonial /(post-)colonial and primitive/civilized are placed in new and disturbing contexts, adding to the complex structure of this fascinating text.

Migration as a Catalyst of Serbia’s Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Rašević
Keyword(s):  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transition Model ◽  
Theoretical Frame ◽  
National Studies ◽  
The One ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
Qualitative Consideration

This article examines the link between Serbia’s demographic and socioeconomic momentum on the one hand, and the migration phenomenon on the other. This is done both to determine the restrictions for development and to identify the potential scope for using migration as a catalyst of Serbia’s development as an emigration country. The revised push and pull model by Fassmann and Musil (2013) and the migration transition model (from emigration to immigration countries), developed by Fassmann and Reeger (2012) have been chosen as the article’s theoretical frame of reference. The emphasis in the article is on qualitative consideration of these topics, but one that is based on various types of records. To that end, the author has used statistics and the findings of various national studies conducted in the recent years.

Object-Centered Neglect in Patients with Unilateral Neglect: Effects of Left-Right Coordinates of Objects

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Behrmann ◽  
Morris Moscovitch
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unilateral Neglect ◽  
Independent Measure ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Spatial Coordinates ◽  
Left And Right

When patients with right-sided hemispheric lesions neglect information on the left side, with respect to what set of spatial coordinates is left defined? Two potential reference frames were examined in this study, one where left and right are defined with respect to the midline of the viewer and/or environment (viewer/env-centered) and the other where left and right are defined with respect to the midline of the object (object-centered). By rotating the stimulus 90° clockwise or counterclockwise, and instructing patients with neglect to report the colors appearing around the border of a stimulus, an independent measure was obtained for the number of colors reported from the left and right of the viewer/env- and from the object-based reference frame. Whereas significant object-centered neglect was observed only for upper case asymmetrical letters but not for symmetrical letters nor for drawings of familiar animals or objects, significant viewer/env-based neglect was observed with all the stimulus types. We present an account of the coexistence of neglect in more than one frame of reference and the presence of object-centered neglect under a restricted set of conditions.

Relationship between Frames of Reference and Mirror-Image Reversals

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5529 ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1049-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Yoshimura ◽  
Tatsuo Tabata
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Image ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Extended Problem ◽  
Left Right Asymmetry ◽  
Common Frame Of Reference ◽  
Intrinsic Frame

The mirror puzzle related to the perception of mirror images as left–right reversed can be more fully understood by considering an extended problem that includes also the perception of mirror images that are not left–right reversed. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the physical aspect of this extended problem logically and parsimoniously. Separate use of the intrinsic frame of reference that belongs to the object and one that belongs to its mirror image always leads to the perception of left–right reversal when the object has left–right asymmetry; on the other hand, the perception of left–right nonreversal is always due to the application of a common frame of reference to the object and its mirror image.

A Comparison of Visual Tilt Illusions Measured by the Techniques of Vertical Setting, Parallel Matching, and Dot Alignment

Perception ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wenderoth ◽  
Alan Parkinson ◽  
Dennis White
Keyword(s):  
Test Line ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
The Other ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Independent Evidence ◽  
Tilt Illusion ◽  
Parallel Matching ◽  
Attraction Effects ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Alignment Errors

The tilt illusion (TI) was investigated by using both short (19 min) and long (2 deg 6 min) test lines, at three angles of test line-inducing line separation (15°, 45°, and 75°). Three groups of ten observers each provided data under one of three task conditions: vertical judgment, parallel matching, and dot alignment on a common visual display. The main result was that both the vertical judgment and the parallel matching task provided similar, classic TI angular functions with the means ordered 15° > 45° > 75° and with small attraction effects at 75° in three of the four relevant functions. The third task, dot alignment, yielded results different from the average of the other two: no attraction effects occurred and, with the short test line, the obtained mean illusion at 45° exceeded those at the other intersect angles. These results are consistent with alignment data reported by others. One explanation is that the inducing line produces an apparent bowing of the test line which would be reflected in dot alignments but not in vertical setting or in parallel matching. However, direct evidence does not support this hypothesis. An alternate hypothesis, for which independent evidence exists, is that alignment errors reflect perceptual mistracking but that the origin of these errors is not at the tip of the test line but within it. Although this does not explain dot alignment errors, it highlights their complexity and the need to interpret them with caution.

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