The ‘Employability Gap’: Long-Term Unemployment and Barriers to Work in Buoyant Labour Markets

10.1068/c22m ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald W McQuaid ◽  
Colin Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Job Seeking ◽  
Local Labour

We analyse the main barriers limiting the employability of long-term unemployed job seekers within a local labour market characterised by generally high levels of demand. We use four key elements of employability (employability assets, the deployment of assets, the presentation of assets, and context) as an analytical framework in order to analyse the manner in which job seekers' personal characteristics, social and family circumstances, and perceptions of the labour market affect their ability to pursue employment opportunities. The results of interviews carried out with 115 long-term unemployed job seekers show that individual and family circumstances and attitudes towards work and job seeking are likely to be increasingly important barriers given the context of a relative lack of demand-side problems and the availability of lower-skilled jobs in expanding industries. In particular, many long-term unemployed job seekers were reluctant to seek jobs in the expanding service sectors of the local economy. Although the concept of employability provides a useful theoretical and policy framework for analysing long-term unemployment issues, models based upon an employability framework should be expanded to incorporate the role of employers and so integrate supply-side and demand-side perspectives.

scholarly journals Why do Young People Give up Their Job Search?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Ylistö
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Search Behaviour ◽  
Job Seeking ◽  
Labour Market Position ◽  
Unemployed Youth

The decision to search or not to search for work is usually considered a purely individual choice. However, this is a simplistic view, which ignores important structural and situational aspects of job search behaviour. This article discusses the reasons why long-term unemployed youth in Finland give up their search for work or a student place. The data comprise 28 life course interviews that were analysed by means of content analysis. The data show that young people’s job seeking behaviour is greatly influenced by how they view their labour market position and prospects. Job search abandonment is often temporary and young people soon resume their search because of the expectations of the society around them and their willingness to find work. The young people interviewed provided rational, emotional and life value reasons for their decision to suspend their job search. The article offers a deeper understanding of youths’ job search behaviour.

Offene Arbeitsmärkte als Mittel und Ziel einer modernen Sozialpolitik

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen J. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Labour Market Policy ◽  
Constitutional Economics ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Market Policy ◽  
Factor Markets ◽  
Dualistic Approach

AbstractThe interdependence between labour market policy and social policy can be interpreted in different ways. The dualistic approach sees social policy as a counterpart to labour market policy, especially if the latter is exclusively interpreted as the means for achieving an efficient design of factor markets. By contrast, constitutional economics introduces the concept of a “social policy for the market” by emphasizing the mutual gains that can be reaped if the interdependence between social and labour market policies is properly taken into account. Achieving an efficient design of markets thus requires a corresponding social policy framework. This article reminds of a third perspective: The efficient design of markets is never an end in itself. Overcoming social hardship, however, is a respectable goal. The author first develops a concept of social policy that draws on market-based processes to achieve its goals before applying this concept to the problem of structural long-term unemployment.

scholarly journals COMPOSITION OF THE JOB-SEEKER STOCK IN LABOUR MARKET MATCHING :A STOCHASTIC FRONTIER APPROACH

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Sanna Mari Hynninen
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Matching Function ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Local Labour

This paper investigates the technical efficiency of labour market matching taking a stochastic frontierapproach. The data set consists of monthly data from 145 Local Labour Offices (LLOs) in Finland over theperiod 1995/01-2004/09. The true fixed-effects model is utilised in order to separate cross-sectionalheterogeneity from inefficiency. According to the results, there are notable differences in matching efficiencybetween regions, and these differences contribute significantly to the number of filled vacancies. If all regionswere as efficient as the most efficient one, the number of total matches per month would increase by over 10%. If inefficiency had no role in the matching function, the number of matches would increase by almost 24 %.The weight of the composition of the job-seeker stock and other environmental variables in the determinationof matching inefficiency is on average 61 %. In particular, job seekers out of the labour force and highlyeducated job seekers improve technical efficiency in the matching function

How peer support can assist job-seekers with a disability move into work

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Diana Dorstyn ◽  
Gregory Murphy ◽  
Elizabeth Potter ◽  
Ashley Craig
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Job Seeking

AbstractAnecdotally, there are frequent reports that peer-facilitated initiatives can be successfully used in employment services. However, in Australia, there is little information about how to effectively deliver peer support. In this paper, we discuss how peer-based interventions might be used to supplement formal return-to-work services and contribute to positive job-seeking outcomes. We illustrate the potential of vocational peer support using a real situation involving a young adult who successfully returned to work soon after sustaining a traumatic injury. Future research should explore the inclusion of various peer support structures and formats as a component of other employment services, to help people with long-term conditions and disabilities achieve a range of vocational outcomes and to guide practice in this area.

scholarly journals Values, welfare and work: aspects of the labour market and welfare dependency

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Welfare Dependency ◽  
The Way

What is described as long-term welfare dependency is perceived to be a serious problem and was the focus of the terms of reference of the Welfare Working Group (WWG). An examination of the way the labour market works indicates that we can expect some people in the labour market to show exactly the characteristics described as welfare dependency, with long periods of support from the welfare system. From this perspective, much welfare dependency is generated by the economic system, not personal characteristics. Personal characteristics still matter, but they influence who needs welfare, not the total amount needed. Changing incentives, as proposed by the WWG, may not change the situation very much. 

scholarly journals CHANGES IN THE MOTIVATION OF THE LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYED DURING THE STATE EMPLOYMENT AGENCY’S MEASURE “MOTIVATION PROGRAM FOR JOB SEEKING AND SOCIAL MENTOR SERVICES”

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Astrīda Zahare
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Target Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Job Seeking ◽  
State Employment ◽  
Low Motivation

One of the significant risks of the labour market is the high proportion of the long-term unemployed, therefore an acute problem is their integration into labour market, as well as low motivation of the target population. From December 2015 till 31 December 2021 an ESF project “Support for the long-term unemployed” is being implemented, this project includes the implementation of a measure “Motivation program for job seeking and social mentor services” which aims to motivate and to preventively support the long-term unemployed, as well as to facilitate their placement in appropriate permanent workplaces. This research analyses the carrier support provided for the long-term unemployed during State Employment Agency’s measure “Motivation program for job seeking and social mentor services” and examines whether participation in this measure changes the motivation of the long-term unemployed for integration into the labour market.

scholarly journals In a Lonely Place? Social Networks, Job Seeking and the Experience of Long-Term Unemployment

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Social Community ◽  
Disadvantaged Communities ◽  
Job Seeking ◽  
The City

Combating long-term unemployment remains a central strand of policies to promote social and labour market inclusion. One area of increasing concern is that the long-term unemployed (and especially those residing in disadvantaged communities) can find themselves isolated from the diverse social networks that can contribute to effective job seeking. This article draws on interviews conducted with 220 job seekers in two areas of high unemployment within the city of Glasgow to investigate: whether long-term unemployed people in these areas struggle to access social networks for job search; and the extent to which long-term unemployment is in itself associated with a more general erosion of social/community relations and a withdrawal from what has been termed the ‘tertiary sphere of sociability’. The article concludes with a discussion of the potential role for social policy in seeking to help the long-term unemployed and other job seekers to develop and broaden social networks and activities.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Kemandirian Perekonomian Masyarakat melalui Program Desa Vokasi Berbasis Kecakapan Hidup dan Pendidikan Kewirausahaan Masyarakat

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Tb Ai Munandar ◽  
Harsiti Harsiti ◽  
Yani Sugiyani
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Job Seeking ◽  
Snack Products

A problem frequently occuring in our society is a number of jobless  that has become more and more. Unbalance amount of job vacancies and job seekers has become the cause of the problem. The unideal condition happened because of less empowering local potency which creates independent local economy, especially in villages. In addition, most villagers have less skills than  those who live in cities and towns to take their parts in job seeking competitions. The Program of Community Service for Empowering Society, frequently run by Universitas Serang Raya, may become an alternative to break the problem. The program set in Cening, a village in Cikedal, Pandeglang, has main goal to empower the villagers particulary housewives and those in productive age by producing some traditional snacks which have high selling value. Moreover, they are motivated and trained for doing packaging and marketing their products incompeting with other local products. The result of the program is a team of small community business entrepreneurs of peculiarly local snack products.

The Impact of Redundancy on Subsequent Labour Market Experience

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Wooden
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Industrial Base ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Market Experience ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
The Impact

In recent years concern with the problems arising from joblessness and redundancy has increased. This article attempts to identify influences on the subsequent labour market experience of workers niade redundant. This study is an extensive review of the case-study evidence on redundancy situations, both in Australia and overseas. It is concluded that the probability and speed of re-employment are affected by the state of the local labour market, the scale of the retrenchments relative to the local labour market, the breadth of the industrial base of the region in which the redundancies occur, the promptness and intensity of job search, and various personal characteristics of the workers involved such as age, skill, education and family status.

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