Structural Holes and New Dimensions of Distance: The Spatial Configuration of the Scientific Knowledge Network of China's Optical Technology Sector

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Liefner ◽  
Stefan Hennemann
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Knowledge Network ◽  
Optical Technology ◽  
Structural Holes ◽  
Technology Sector

TheOrvosi Hetilap (Hungarian Medical Journal)in the network of medical journals

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (22) ◽  
pp. 876-879
Author(s):  
András Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Network ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Scientific Enterprise ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
The Subject

The role of networks is swiftly increasing in the production and communication of scientific knowledge. Network aspects have, therefore, an ever growing importance in the analysis of the scientific enterprise, as well. The present paper demonstrates some techniques of studying the network of scientific journals on the subject of seeking the position of Orvosi Hetilap (Hungarian Medical Journal) in the international journal network. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(22), 876–879.

scholarly journals How Does Inter-Organizational Cooperation Impact Organizations’ Scientific Knowledge Generation? Evidence from the Biomass Energy Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Liu Li ◽  
Chaoying Tang
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Degree Centrality ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
Structural Holes ◽  
Cooperation Network ◽  
Positive Effect

Previous studies have demonstrated that accessing external knowledge is important for organizations’ knowledge generation. The main purpose of this study is to investigate how the diversity and amount of organizations’ external scientific knowledge influence their scientific knowledge generation. We also consider the moderating effect of the redundant industrial scientific knowledge and the amount of technical knowledge from external technical cooperators. The social network analysis method is used to establish both ego- and industrial-scientific cooperation network, and ego-technical cooperation network in order to analyze the external scientific knowledge and technical knowledge. The empirical analysis is based on patent and article data of 106 organizations in the biomass energy industry (including firms, universities and research institutes), and the results show that organizations’ structural holes and degree centrality of scientific cooperation network have positive effects on their scientific knowledge generation. In addition, organizations’ degree centrality of technical cooperation network positively moderates the relationship between their degree centrality of scientific cooperation network and scientific knowledge generation. Furthermore, density of industrial scientific cooperation network decreases the positive effect of organizations’ structural holes on their scientific knowledge generation, while it strengthens the positive effect of degree centrality of scientific cooperation network on their scientific knowledge generation. Academic contributions and practical suggestions are discussed.

scholarly journals Managing Knowledge Network Processes in the Commercialization of Science: Two Probiotica Discovery Processes in Finland and Swed

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-56
Author(s):  
Richard Langlais ◽  
Nina Janasik ◽  
Henrik Bruun
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Food Products ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lactobacillus Strain ◽  
Knowledge Network ◽  
Research Commercialization ◽  
Small Science ◽  
Commercialization Of Science

To learn more about the formation, transformation and interaction of knowledge networking, we studied two processes of commercialisation of scientific knowledge. Both involved a Lactobacillus strain – Lp299v, in Sweden, and LGG, in Finland – and two different companies. The first, a small science company, was established expressly to commercialise Lp299v, while the other, a large dairy company, sought to develop new functional food products from LGG. Both were successful, but differed in knowledge networking in the research, commercialization and stabilization phases. For Lp299v, pioneer knowledge networking dominated and commercialization unfolded more smoothly than for LGG, where modular networking prevailed. This indicates that, in science-based innovation, the balance between pioneer and modular modes of knowledge networking must be considered, and that there is a relation between modes, and the structure of the problems. New questions are raised about the challenges that various kinds and sizes of companies experience in different stages of innovation.

The Effect of Nonlinear Amplitude Growth on the Speech Perception Benefits Provided by a Single-Sided Vocoder

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Wess ◽  
Joshua G. W. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Compression And Expansion ◽  
Interaural Difference ◽  
Interaural Differences ◽  
Single Sided Deafness ◽  
Perceptual Separation ◽  
Loudness Growth

PurposeFor listeners with single-sided deafness, a cochlear implant (CI) can improve speech understanding by giving the listener access to the ear with the better target-to-masker ratio (TMR; head shadow) or by providing interaural difference cues to facilitate the perceptual separation of concurrent talkers (squelch). CI simulations presented to listeners with normal hearing examined how these benefits could be affected by interaural differences in loudness growth in a speech-on-speech masking task.MethodExperiment 1 examined a target–masker spatial configuration where the vocoded ear had a poorer TMR than the nonvocoded ear. Experiment 2 examined the reverse configuration. Generic head-related transfer functions simulated free-field listening. Compression or expansion was applied independently to each vocoder channel (power-law exponents: 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, or 2).ResultsCompression reduced the benefit provided by the vocoder ear in both experiments. There was some evidence that expansion increased squelch in Experiment 1 but reduced the benefit in Experiment 2 where the vocoder ear provided a combination of head-shadow and squelch benefits.ConclusionsThe effects of compression and expansion are interpreted in terms of envelope distortion and changes in the vocoded-ear TMR (for head shadow) or changes in perceived target–masker spatial separation (for squelch). The compression parameter is a candidate for clinical optimization to improve single-sided deafness CI outcomes.

Defining the Competence of Psychologists with a View to Public Accountability *

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ype H. Poortinga ◽  
Ingrid Lunt
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
The Body ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Psychological Knowledge

In national codes of ethics the practice of psychology is presented as rooted in scientific knowledge, professional skills, and experience. However, it is not self-evident that the body of scientific knowledge in psychology provides an adequate basis for current professional practice. Professional training and experience are seen as necessary for the application of psychological knowledge, but they appear insufficient to defend the soundness of one's practices when challenged in judicial proceedings of a kind that may be faced by psychologists in the European Union in the not too distant future. In seeking to define the basis for the professional competence of psychologists, this article recommends taking a position of modesty concerning the scope and effectiveness of psychological interventions. In many circumstances, psychologists can only provide partial advice, narrowing down the range of possible courses of action more by eliminating unpromising ones than by pointing out the most correct or most favorable one. By emphasizing rigorous evaluation, the profession should gain in accountability and, in the long term, in respectability.

Family Therapy and Scientific Knowledge: A Loyalty Conflict?

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-469
Author(s):  
Clifford I. Notarius
Keyword(s):  
Family Therapy ◽  
Scientific Knowledge
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